长庆致密气藏水泥环完整性分析
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摘要
长庆致密油气藏的压裂压力较高,对水泥环力学性能提出较高要求,通过建立的套管-水泥环-地层组合体模型和组合体密封性能评价方法(密封安全系数法),对长庆一种典型井身结构(φ152.4 mm井眼φ114.3 mm套管)进行水泥环完整性分析。结合现场数据分析认为:①随着水泥环弹性模量的降低,水泥环的受力明显降低,安全系数明显增大;②随着压裂压力的升高,安全系数降低;③随着水泥体积收缩率的增大,水泥环的安全系数显著降低。根据该井计算结果,提出了水平段保障密封的水泥力学性能需求,该项研究成果可为长庆致密气藏或类似区块固井水泥环完整性提供理论支持。
The tight gas reservoirs in Changqing Oilfield have high fracturing pressures, imposing high requirements on the mechanical property of cement sheath. The integrity of cement sheath of a typical hole interval(φ152.4 mm hole size×φ114.3 mm casing size)of a well was analyzed using the established casing-cement sheath-formation combination model and the method for evaluating the sealing performance of a combination(sealing safety factor method). The analyses, taking account of the data gathered from field operations, showed that: ① when the elastic modulus of a cement sheath was decreased, forces acting on the cement sheath was reduced, resulting in increased safety factor; ②when fracturing pressure was increased, the safety factor was reduced; ③ when the rate of volumetric contraction of cement was increased, the safety factor of the cement sheath was reduced remarkably. Based on the results calculated using the data gathered from the well, the mechanical property of cement sheath having good sealing performance in horizontal section of a well was presented. This study will provide theoretical support for analyzing the integrity of cement sheath in the tight gas reservoirs in Changqing Oilfield or other similar reservoirs.
The tight gas reservoirs in Changqing Oilfield have high fracturing pressures, imposing high requirements on the mechanical property of cement sheath. The integrity of cement sheath of a typical hole interval(φ152.4 mm hole size×φ114.3 mm casing size)of a well was analyzed using the established casing-cement sheath-formation combination model and the method for evaluating the sealing performance of a combination(sealing safety factor method). The analyses, taking account of the data gathered from field operations, showed that: ① when the elastic modulus of a cement sheath was decreased, forces acting on the cement sheath was reduced, resulting in increased safety factor; ②when fracturing pressure was increased, the safety factor was reduced; ③ when the rate of volumetric contraction of cement was increased, the safety factor of the cement sheath was reduced remarkably. Based on the results calculated using the data gathered from the well, the mechanical property of cement sheath having good sealing performance in horizontal section of a well was presented. This study will provide theoretical support for analyzing the integrity of cement sheath in the tight gas reservoirs in Changqing Oilfield or other similar reservoirs.
引文
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[14]沈吉云,石林,李勇,等.大压差条件下水泥环密封完整性分析及展望[J].天然气工业,2017,37(4),98-108.SHEN Jiyun,SHI Lin,LI Yong,et al.Analysis and perspective of cement sheath integrity under a high differential pressure[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(4):98-108.
[15]刘硕琼,沈吉云,纪宏飞,等.固井水泥石力学性能评价方法-密封安全系数法[C].//2016年固井技术研讨会论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,2016:86-93.LIU Shuoqiong,SHEN Jiyun,JI Hongfei,et al.Evaluation method for the mechanical property of set well cement-sealing safety factor method[C].//The symposium of the Technology Seminar on cement.Beijing,Petroleum Industry Press,2016:86-93.
[16]刘洋,鲜明,冯予淇.川中高压气井钻完井期间环空带压原因分析及应对固井技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2018,35(1):77-82.LIU Yang,XIAN Ming,FENG Yuqi.Causes of trapped annular pressure in high pressure gas wells in central sichuan and well cementing solution[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2018,35(1):77-82.
[17]宋有胜,邹建龙,赵宝辉,等.高石梯-磨溪区块高压气井尾管固井技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2017,34(2):111-116.SONG Yousheng,ZOU Jianlong,ZHAO Baohui,et al.Liner cementing the high pressure gas wells in the block Gaoshiti-Moxi[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2017,34(2):111-116.
[2]殷有泉,陈朝伟,李平恩.套管-水泥环-地层应力分布的理论解[J].力学学报,2006,38(6):835-842.YIN Youquan,CHEN Zhaowei,LI Ping’en,et al.Theoretical solutions of stress distribution in casingcement and stratum system[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2006,38(6):835-842.
[3]SAINT MARC J,GARNIER A,BOIS A P.Initial state of stress:the key to achieving long-term cement-sheath integrity[C]//SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,21-24 September 2008.
[4]万曦超.油气井固井水泥环力学研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2006.WAN Xichao.Study on Mechanics of cement sheath in the Well[J].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2006.
[5]卢亚锋,郑友志,佘朝毅,等.基于水泥石实验数据的水泥环力学完整性分析[J].天然气工业,2013,33(4):77-81.LU Yafeng,ZHENG Youzhi,SHE Chaoyi,et al.Analysis of cement-sheath mechanical integrity based on the experiment data of cement paste[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(4):77-81.
[6]李军,陈勉,柳贡慧,等.套管、水泥环及井壁围岩组合体的弹塑性分析[J].石油学报,2005,26(6):99-103.LI Jun,CHEN Mian,LIU Gonghui,et al.Elastic-plastic analysis of casing-concrete sheath-rock combination[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(6):99-103.
[7]张研,邵建富.水泥基材料在宽围压范围的本构模型[J].固体力学学报,2011,32(3):293-298.ZHANG Yan,SHAO Jianfu.A comstitutive law of cement-based material at large range of confining pressuse state[J].Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics,2011,32(3):293-298.
[8]练章华,张先普,赵国珍,等.岩石、水泥环、套管互作用的粘弹塑性有限元力学模型[J].西南石油学院学报,1994,16(2):97-103.LIAN Zhanghua,ZHANG Xianpu,ZHAO Guozheng,et al.Viscoelastic-plastic finite element mechanics models of interaction of rock,cement ring and casing[J].Journal of Southwestern Petroleum Institute,1994,16(2):97-103.
[9]练章华,刘干,唐波,等.塑性流动地层套管破坏的有限元分析[J].天然气工业,2002,22(6):55-57.LIAN Zhanghua,LIU Gan,TANG Bo,et al.Finite element analysis of casing damage in plastic flow formation[J].Natural Gas Industry,2002,22(6):55-57.
[10]RODRIGUEZ W J,FLECKENSTEIN W W,EUSTESA W.Simulation of collapse loads on cemented casing using finite element analysis[A].SPE 84566,2003.
[11]陈朝伟,蔡永恩.套管-地层系统套管载荷的弹塑性理论分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2009,36(2):242-246.CHEN Zhaowei,CAI Yong’en.Study on casing load in a casing-stratum system by elastoplastic theory[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2009,36(2):242-246.
[12]BOUKHELIFA L,MORONI N,JAMES S G,et al.Evaluation of cement systems for oil and gas well zonal isolation in a full-scale annular geometry[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2013,20(1):44-53.
[13]初纬,沈吉云,杨云飞,等.连续变化内压下套管-水泥环-围岩组合体微环隙计算[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(3):379-385.CHU Wei,SHEN Jiyun,YANG Yunfei,et al.Calculation of micro-annulus size in casing-cement sheath-formation system under continuous internal casing pressure change[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(3):379-385.
[14]沈吉云,石林,李勇,等.大压差条件下水泥环密封完整性分析及展望[J].天然气工业,2017,37(4),98-108.SHEN Jiyun,SHI Lin,LI Yong,et al.Analysis and perspective of cement sheath integrity under a high differential pressure[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(4):98-108.
[15]刘硕琼,沈吉云,纪宏飞,等.固井水泥石力学性能评价方法-密封安全系数法[C].//2016年固井技术研讨会论文集.北京:石油工业出版社,2016:86-93.LIU Shuoqiong,SHEN Jiyun,JI Hongfei,et al.Evaluation method for the mechanical property of set well cement-sealing safety factor method[C].//The symposium of the Technology Seminar on cement.Beijing,Petroleum Industry Press,2016:86-93.
[16]刘洋,鲜明,冯予淇.川中高压气井钻完井期间环空带压原因分析及应对固井技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2018,35(1):77-82.LIU Yang,XIAN Ming,FENG Yuqi.Causes of trapped annular pressure in high pressure gas wells in central sichuan and well cementing solution[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2018,35(1):77-82.
[17]宋有胜,邹建龙,赵宝辉,等.高石梯-磨溪区块高压气井尾管固井技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2017,34(2):111-116.SONG Yousheng,ZOU Jianlong,ZHAO Baohui,et al.Liner cementing the high pressure gas wells in the block Gaoshiti-Moxi[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2017,34(2):111-116.