辽东山区古石河森林群落物种组成特征
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摘要
为探讨森林群落的种类组成与结构,确定群落的成员型,基于26个群落样地调查数据,对辽东山区古石河上发育的森林群落的物种组成、区系成分,以及落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林和暗针叶林乔木层树种的主要特征进行了研究。结果表明:①古石河森林群落中记录到维管束植物60科107属143种,其中蕨类植物10科12属15种,种子植物50科95属128种,种子植物中含有10个植物种及以上的科仅有蔷薇科Rosaceae,毛茛科Ranunculaceae和百合科Liliaceae。森林群落乔、灌、草层的维管束植物分别为32, 45和83种,层外植物为4种。②综合乔木层树种的主要特征,落叶阔叶林内紫椴Tilia amurensis的重要值为26.31%,蒙古栎Quercus mongolica,色木槭Acer mono,紫花槭Acer pseudo-sieboldianum,水曲柳Fraxinus mandshurica和千金榆Carpinus cordata的重要值分别为15.71%, 11.27%, 9.37%, 9.08%和8.65%,其余树种的重要值为0.11%～2.94%;针阔混交林内紫椴和臭冷杉Abies nephrolepis的重要值分别为19.71%和14.87%,其余树种的重要值处于0.28%～7.25%;暗针叶林内臭冷杉的重要值为56.18%,其余树种的重要值处于0.17%～8.91%。古石河森林群落中世界广布种和北温带植物种较多,乔、灌、草各层中单种属的科较多; 3种林型的建群种或共建种都比较明显。表4参19
To stud y species composition and structure of a forest community, the type of community member was determined based on community survey data in 26 sampling areas. Then an analysis on species composition and floral elements of the forest community, which grew in the paleo-stone stream of eastern the Liaoning mountainous region, was made. Also, the main characteristics of tree species in three forest types(deciduous broadleaf forest, mixed broadleaf-conifer forest, and dark coniferous forest) were researched. Results showed that(1) vascular plant species of 60 families, 107 genera, and 143 species in the forest community of the paleo-stone stream including 10 families, 12 genera, and 15 species of fern; and 50 families, 95 genera, and 128 species of spermatophyte. Only Rosaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Liliaceae had more than ten species of spermatophyte. The forest community had vascular plants in the tree layer(32 species), in the shrub layer(45 species), and in the herb layer(83 species) with four species in the outer layer.(2) For the main characteristics of tree layer species in a deciduous broadleaf forest, the importance value of Tilia amurensis was 26.31%,Quercus mongolica was 15.71%, Acer mono was 11.27%, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum was 9.37%, Fraxinus mandshurica was 9.08%, and Carpinus cordata was 8.65% with the rest of the tree species' importance values ranging from 0.11% to 2.94%. In the mixed broadleaf-conifer forest, the importance value of Tilia amurensis was 19.71% and Abies nephrolepis was 14.87% with the rest of the tree species' importance values ranging from 0.28% to 7.25%. In the dark coniferous forest, the importance value of Abies nephrolepis was 56.18%with the rest of the tree species' importance values ranging from 0.17% to 8.91%. There was a high number of cosmopolitan species and north temperate species of the paleo-stone stream, and the families of monotypic genera in tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer were obvious. The constructive species and co-edificato species in the three forest types were also obvious. [Ch, 4 tab. 19 ref.]
To stud y species composition and structure of a forest community, the type of community member was determined based on community survey data in 26 sampling areas. Then an analysis on species composition and floral elements of the forest community, which grew in the paleo-stone stream of eastern the Liaoning mountainous region, was made. Also, the main characteristics of tree species in three forest types(deciduous broadleaf forest, mixed broadleaf-conifer forest, and dark coniferous forest) were researched. Results showed that(1) vascular plant species of 60 families, 107 genera, and 143 species in the forest community of the paleo-stone stream including 10 families, 12 genera, and 15 species of fern; and 50 families, 95 genera, and 128 species of spermatophyte. Only Rosaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Liliaceae had more than ten species of spermatophyte. The forest community had vascular plants in the tree layer(32 species), in the shrub layer(45 species), and in the herb layer(83 species) with four species in the outer layer.(2) For the main characteristics of tree layer species in a deciduous broadleaf forest, the importance value of Tilia amurensis was 26.31%,Quercus mongolica was 15.71%, Acer mono was 11.27%, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum was 9.37%, Fraxinus mandshurica was 9.08%, and Carpinus cordata was 8.65% with the rest of the tree species' importance values ranging from 0.11% to 2.94%. In the mixed broadleaf-conifer forest, the importance value of Tilia amurensis was 19.71% and Abies nephrolepis was 14.87% with the rest of the tree species' importance values ranging from 0.28% to 7.25%. In the dark coniferous forest, the importance value of Abies nephrolepis was 56.18%with the rest of the tree species' importance values ranging from 0.17% to 8.91%. There was a high number of cosmopolitan species and north temperate species of the paleo-stone stream, and the families of monotypic genera in tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer were obvious. The constructive species and co-edificato species in the three forest types were also obvious. [Ch, 4 tab. 19 ref.]
引文
[1]裘善文.长白山古冰川、冰缘地貌的研究[J].第四纪研究, 1990(2):137-145.QIU Shanwen. A study on the paleo-glacial and periglacial landforms in Changbai Mountains[J]. Quaternary Sci,1990(2):137-145.
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[4]牛云博.长白山冰缘地貌过程及其与环境演化的关系[D].大连:辽宁师范大学, 2008.NIU Yunbo. The Periglacial Geomorphic Process and Its Relationship with Environmental Evolution in Changbai Mountain[D]. Dalian:Liaoning Normal University, 2008.
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[7]金潇,付敏,杨敏.桓仁岩堆地貌特征与属性初探[J].安全与环境工程, 2016, 23(5):1-6.JIN Xiao, FU Min, YANG Min. Preliminary research on characteristics and formation of talus landscape in Huanren,Liaoning Province[J]. Saf Environ Eng, 2016, 23(5):1-6.
[8]董厚德,唐炯炎.辽东山地“乱石窖”植被演替规律的初步研究[J].植物生态学与地植物学丛刊, 1965, 3(1):117-130.DONG Houde, TANG Jiongyan. Preliminary study on vegetation succession law of Luanshijiao landform in Liaoning Eastern Mountains[J]. Acta Phytoecol Geobot Sin, 1965, 3(1):117-130.
[9]刘剑刚,张华,伏捷,等.辽东山地老秃顶子冰缘地貌特征及其环境意义[J].冰川冻土, 2014, 36(6):1420-1429.LIU Jiangang, ZHANG Hua, FU Jie, et al. Periglacial landforms in the Mt. Laotudingzi of eastern Liaoning Province:characteristics and environmental significance[J]. J Glaciol Geocryol, 2014, 36(6):1420-1429.
[10]张华,刘剑刚,伏捷,等.辽东山地老秃顶子冰缘地貌植物群落类型及基本特征[J].冰川冻土, 2015, 37(2):500-510.ZHANG Hua, LIU Jiangang, FU Jie, et al. Plant community types and basic characteristic in the periglacial areas of the Mt. Laotudingzi, eastern Liaoning mountainous regions[J]. J Glaciol Geocryol, 2015, 37(2):500-510.
[11]王伯荪.植物群落学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1987.
[12]徐敏.百山祖北坡中山常绿阔叶林群落特征研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2006.XU Min. Studies on Community Characters of the Mid-montane Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Baishanzu Mountain[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2006.
[13]刘海丰,李亮,桑卫国.东灵山暖温带落叶阔叶次生林动态监测样地:物种组成与群落结构[J].生物多样性,2011, 19(2):232-242.LIU Haifeng, LI Liang, SANG Weiguo. Species composition and community structure of the Donglingshan forest dynamic plot in a warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved secondary forest, China[J]. Biodiversity Sci, 2011, 19(2):232-242.
[14]丁晖,杨云方,徐海根,等.武夷山典型常绿阔叶林物种组成与群落结构[J].生态学报, 2015, 35(4):1142-1154.DING Hui, YANG Yunfang, XU Haigen, et al. Species composition and community structure of the typical evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Wuyi Mountains of Southeastern China[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2015, 35(4):1142-1154.
[15]武吉华,张绅,江源,等.植物地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2004.
[16]吴征镒,周浙昆,李德铢,等.世界种子植物科的分布区类型系统[J].云南植物研究, 2003, 25(3):245-257.WU Zhengyi, ZHOU Zhekun, LI Dezhu, et al. The areal-types of the world families of seed plants[J]. Acta Bot Yunnani, 2003, 25(3):245-257.
[17]李剑源,刘德栋,吕蕊,等.老秃顶子国家级自然保护区科学考察报告集[M].沈阳:沈阳出版社, 2016.
[18]郭长泰.老秃顶子自然保护区跳石塘地貌和跳石塘植被调查报告[J].辽宁林业科技, 1996(1):28-31.GUO Changtai. Report of Tiaoshitang landform and their vegetation in Laotudingzi Nature Reserve[J]. J Liaoning For Sci Technol, 1996(1):28-31.
[19]伏捷,孙才志,张华,等.辽东山地老秃顶子古冰缘地貌植物种群生态位特征[J].地理研究, 2018, 37(4):731-741.FU Jie, SUN Caizhi, ZHANG Hua, et al. Niche characteristics of plant populations in the paleo-periglacial areas of Mt. Laotudingzi, eastern Liaoning mountainous region[J]. Geogr Res, 2018, 37(4):731-741.
[2]伍光和,王乃昂,胡双熙,等.自然地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2008.
[3]肖荣寰,胡俭彬.东北地区末次冰期以来气候地貌的若干特征[J].冰川冻土, 1988, 10(2):125-134.XIAO Ronghuan, HU Jianbin. Some characteristics of the climatic landform in the northeast China since the last glacial epoch[J]. J Glaciol Geocryol, 1988, 10(2):125-134.
[4]牛云博.长白山冰缘地貌过程及其与环境演化的关系[D].大连:辽宁师范大学, 2008.NIU Yunbo. The Periglacial Geomorphic Process and Its Relationship with Environmental Evolution in Changbai Mountain[D]. Dalian:Liaoning Normal University, 2008.
[5]WASHBURN A L. Geocryology[M]. New York:Edward Arnold, 1979.
[6]樊耀武,申京亮,杨磊,等.浅谈石海、石流坡的分类以及对工程的影响[J].铁道工程学报, 2010(4):15-18.FAN Yaowu, SHEN Jingliang, YANG Lei, et al. Genetic classification of rock block field and rock glacier side and their impacts on railway construction[J]. J Railway Eng Soc, 2010(4):15-18.
[7]金潇,付敏,杨敏.桓仁岩堆地貌特征与属性初探[J].安全与环境工程, 2016, 23(5):1-6.JIN Xiao, FU Min, YANG Min. Preliminary research on characteristics and formation of talus landscape in Huanren,Liaoning Province[J]. Saf Environ Eng, 2016, 23(5):1-6.
[8]董厚德,唐炯炎.辽东山地“乱石窖”植被演替规律的初步研究[J].植物生态学与地植物学丛刊, 1965, 3(1):117-130.DONG Houde, TANG Jiongyan. Preliminary study on vegetation succession law of Luanshijiao landform in Liaoning Eastern Mountains[J]. Acta Phytoecol Geobot Sin, 1965, 3(1):117-130.
[9]刘剑刚,张华,伏捷,等.辽东山地老秃顶子冰缘地貌特征及其环境意义[J].冰川冻土, 2014, 36(6):1420-1429.LIU Jiangang, ZHANG Hua, FU Jie, et al. Periglacial landforms in the Mt. Laotudingzi of eastern Liaoning Province:characteristics and environmental significance[J]. J Glaciol Geocryol, 2014, 36(6):1420-1429.
[10]张华,刘剑刚,伏捷,等.辽东山地老秃顶子冰缘地貌植物群落类型及基本特征[J].冰川冻土, 2015, 37(2):500-510.ZHANG Hua, LIU Jiangang, FU Jie, et al. Plant community types and basic characteristic in the periglacial areas of the Mt. Laotudingzi, eastern Liaoning mountainous regions[J]. J Glaciol Geocryol, 2015, 37(2):500-510.
[11]王伯荪.植物群落学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1987.
[12]徐敏.百山祖北坡中山常绿阔叶林群落特征研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2006.XU Min. Studies on Community Characters of the Mid-montane Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Baishanzu Mountain[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2006.
[13]刘海丰,李亮,桑卫国.东灵山暖温带落叶阔叶次生林动态监测样地:物种组成与群落结构[J].生物多样性,2011, 19(2):232-242.LIU Haifeng, LI Liang, SANG Weiguo. Species composition and community structure of the Donglingshan forest dynamic plot in a warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved secondary forest, China[J]. Biodiversity Sci, 2011, 19(2):232-242.
[14]丁晖,杨云方,徐海根,等.武夷山典型常绿阔叶林物种组成与群落结构[J].生态学报, 2015, 35(4):1142-1154.DING Hui, YANG Yunfang, XU Haigen, et al. Species composition and community structure of the typical evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Wuyi Mountains of Southeastern China[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2015, 35(4):1142-1154.
[15]武吉华,张绅,江源,等.植物地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2004.
[16]吴征镒,周浙昆,李德铢,等.世界种子植物科的分布区类型系统[J].云南植物研究, 2003, 25(3):245-257.WU Zhengyi, ZHOU Zhekun, LI Dezhu, et al. The areal-types of the world families of seed plants[J]. Acta Bot Yunnani, 2003, 25(3):245-257.
[17]李剑源,刘德栋,吕蕊,等.老秃顶子国家级自然保护区科学考察报告集[M].沈阳:沈阳出版社, 2016.
[18]郭长泰.老秃顶子自然保护区跳石塘地貌和跳石塘植被调查报告[J].辽宁林业科技, 1996(1):28-31.GUO Changtai. Report of Tiaoshitang landform and their vegetation in Laotudingzi Nature Reserve[J]. J Liaoning For Sci Technol, 1996(1):28-31.
[19]伏捷,孙才志,张华,等.辽东山地老秃顶子古冰缘地貌植物种群生态位特征[J].地理研究, 2018, 37(4):731-741.FU Jie, SUN Caizhi, ZHANG Hua, et al. Niche characteristics of plant populations in the paleo-periglacial areas of Mt. Laotudingzi, eastern Liaoning mountainous region[J]. Geogr Res, 2018, 37(4):731-741.