叠前P波方位各向异性裂缝检测软件研制与应用
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摘要
以P波通过HTI介质中的裂隙时所表现出的方位各向异性特征为基础,研究了叠前裂缝检测方法及流程,介绍了自主研发的叠前方位各向异性裂缝检测软件产品。该软件采用面向集成环境的组件式模型架构方法研制,形成了以中心组件为核心的2个服务组件和7个应用组件,有效弥补了传统面向对象的软件设计方法在研发规模、开发效率、升级维护方面的不足;开发了特有的自由方位划分功能,为窄方位观测系统方位覆盖分布不均这一瓶颈问题提供了有效的解决方案;无需第三方工具介入,从点、线、面联合分析入手,配合丰富的图形展示和有效的质量控制手段,可以进行全方位的交互体验。在四川盆地某三维工区叠前裂缝检测研究与软件测试中,利用该软件反演的成果成功揭示了目标层位的裂缝平面展布规律,详细刻画了任意范围内的裂缝走势。与叠后裂缝检测方法对比显示,两者对于平面网状断裂系统中的大尺度断裂检测结果非常吻合,验证了叠前检测方法以及软件功能的准确性与可靠性;对于较小尺度、数量庞大的小型断裂或微断裂,叠前检测方法反演的效果更好。
Based on P-wave azimuthal anisotropy when it propagating through fractures in a HTI medium,a fracture detection software comprising integrated workflows and matching functions was developed.In terms of software engineering,aplug-in model architecture approach for integrated environments was adopted.Two service components and seven application components with a central core-component were developed to effectively compensate for the deficiencies of traditional object-oriented software design in the areas of development scale,development efficiency,and upgrade maintenance.In the methods and techniques,a specific function for free division of the azimuth was developed to provide an effective solution for uneven azimuth coverage and frequency distribution in narrow azimuth observation systems.In the interpretation workflows,without the involvement of third-party tools,the software combined graphical analysis of a single point,line,and plane,to provide a comprehensive interactive experience for users;abundant graphics display and means for effective quality control were provided as some of the primary functions.Software testing was conducted on fracture detection in a 3 Dexploration area in the Sichuan basin,China.The inversion results revealed the law of planar distribution of fractures in the target horizons and depicted the fracture trend in detail.For large scale fractures in a planar network fracture system,the prestack inversion results were consistent with those from poststack seismic fracture detection,thus confirming the accuracy and reliability of the software.The proposed prestack detection software performed better when there was a large quantity of small or micro fractures.
Based on P-wave azimuthal anisotropy when it propagating through fractures in a HTI medium,a fracture detection software comprising integrated workflows and matching functions was developed.In terms of software engineering,aplug-in model architecture approach for integrated environments was adopted.Two service components and seven application components with a central core-component were developed to effectively compensate for the deficiencies of traditional object-oriented software design in the areas of development scale,development efficiency,and upgrade maintenance.In the methods and techniques,a specific function for free division of the azimuth was developed to provide an effective solution for uneven azimuth coverage and frequency distribution in narrow azimuth observation systems.In the interpretation workflows,without the involvement of third-party tools,the software combined graphical analysis of a single point,line,and plane,to provide a comprehensive interactive experience for users;abundant graphics display and means for effective quality control were provided as some of the primary functions.Software testing was conducted on fracture detection in a 3 Dexploration area in the Sichuan basin,China.The inversion results revealed the law of planar distribution of fractures in the target horizons and depicted the fracture trend in detail.For large scale fractures in a planar network fracture system,the prestack inversion results were consistent with those from poststack seismic fracture detection,thus confirming the accuracy and reliability of the software.The proposed prestack detection software performed better when there was a large quantity of small or micro fractures.
引文
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[14]袁刚,王西文,雍运动,等.宽方位数据的炮检距向量片域处理及偏移道集校平方法[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):84-90YUAN G,WANG X W,YONG Y D,et al.Range vector data processing of wide azimuth data and offset square method[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(1):84-90
[15]陈楠,徐雷鸣,朱凌燕.基于NEWS平台的叠前叠后联合解释系统设计与开发[J].华北地震科学,2016,34(4):40-48CHEN N,XU L M,ZHU L Y.Design and development of prestack and poststack joint interpretation system based on NEWS platform[J].Seismological Science in North China,2016,34(4):40-48
[16]甘利灯,戴晓峰,张昕,等.测井-地震-油藏模拟一体化技术及其在老油田挖潜中的应用[J].石油物探,2016,55(5):617-639GAN L D,DAI X F,ZHANG X,et al.Logging seismic reservoir simulation integration technology and application in the old oil field[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum 2016,55(5):617-639
[17]陈楠,祝媛媛,张光德,等.基于QT的地震勘探可扩展平台研发与应用[J].华北地震科学,2013,31(4):31-36CHEN N,ZHU Y Y,ZHANG G D,et al.Research and application of extensible platform for seismic exploration based on QT[J].Seismological Science in North China,2013,31(4):31-36
[18]郑昭,王志.裂缝介质地震波场特征正演模拟分析[J].工程地球物理学报,2013,10(4):487-492ZHENG Z,WANG Z.Forward modeling analysis of seismic wave field characteristics in fractured media[J].Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2013,10(4):487-492
[19] RUGER A.Varation of P-wave reflectivity with offset and azimuth in anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1998,63(3):935-947
[2]孙炜,何治亮,李玉凤,等.基于HTI介质各向异性正演的裂缝预测属性优选[J].石油物探,2014,53(2):223-231SUN W,HE Z L,LI Y F,et al.Seismic attributes optimization for fractures prediction based on the anisotropy forwarding of the HTI media[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(2):223-231
[3]张华,贺振华,李亚林,等.基于ADM谱反演的高分辨率裂缝预测技术研究及应用[J].石油物探,2016,55(5):737-745ZHANG H,HE Z H,LI Y L,et al.Study and application of high resolution fracture prediction technique based on ADM spectral inversion[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(5):737-745
[4]郝守玲,赵群.裂缝介质对P波方位各向异性特征的影响——物理模型研究[J].油气藏评价与开发,2004,27(3):189-194HAO S L,ZHAO Q.Influence of fracture medium on azimuthal anisotropy of P wave——physical model study[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2004,27(3):189-194
[5]刘红爱.转换横波分裂分析及校正技术研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2011LIU H A.Transform shear wave splitting analysis and correction technology[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2011
[6]刘立民,陈习峰,杨彦敏,等.纵波方位各向异性技术在HW地区裂缝检测中的应用[R].北京:中国石油地质年会,2013LIU L M,CHEN X F,YANG Y M,et al.Application of P-wave azimuthal anisotropy technique in fracture detection in HW area[R].Beijing:China Petroleum Geology Annual Meeting,2013
[7]李金磊.涪陵焦石坝页岩气层压力预测技术研究[J].石油物探,2017,56(4):567-574LI J L.Study on pressure prediction technology of shale gas reservoir in Fuling[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(4):567-574
[8]陈怀震,印兴耀,高成国,等.基于各向异性岩石物理的缝隙流体因子AVAZ反演[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(3):968-978CHEN H Z,YIN X Y,GAO C G,et al.The anisotropy of rock physical gap fluid factor AVAZ inversion based on[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(3):968-978
[9]赵思为,贺振华,熊晓军,等.方位P波裂缝检测技术在川东北裂缝型储层中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(2):260-264ZHAO S W,HE Z H,XIONG X J,et al.Application of azimuth P wave fracture detection technique in fractured reservoirs in Northeast Sichuan[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(2):260-264
[10]杨勤勇,赵群,王世星,等.纵波方位各向异性及其在裂缝检测中的应用[J].石油物探,2006,45(2):177-181YANG Q Y,ZHAO Q,WANG S X,et al.Azimuthal anisotropy of P-wave and its application in fracture detection[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(2):177-181
[11]甘其刚,杨振武,彭大钧.振幅随方位角变化裂缝检测技术及其应用[J].石油物探,2004,43(4):373-376GAN Q G,YANG Z W,PENG D J.Fracture detection technology of amplitude with azimuth change[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(4):373-376
[12]杨子川,刘军,陈黎,等.顺南地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层地震识别与评价[J].石油物探,2017,56(2):280-287YANG Z C,LIU J,CHEN L,et al.Seismic identification and evaluation of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the south of Shunnan[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2017,56(2):280-287
[13]李佩,朱生旺,曲寿利,等.垂直裂隙P波响应特征分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(2):125-132LI P,ZHU S W,QU S L,et al.Vertical cracks of P wave response characteristics analysis of[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(2):125-132
[14]袁刚,王西文,雍运动,等.宽方位数据的炮检距向量片域处理及偏移道集校平方法[J].石油物探,2016,55(1):84-90YUAN G,WANG X W,YONG Y D,et al.Range vector data processing of wide azimuth data and offset square method[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(1):84-90
[15]陈楠,徐雷鸣,朱凌燕.基于NEWS平台的叠前叠后联合解释系统设计与开发[J].华北地震科学,2016,34(4):40-48CHEN N,XU L M,ZHU L Y.Design and development of prestack and poststack joint interpretation system based on NEWS platform[J].Seismological Science in North China,2016,34(4):40-48
[16]甘利灯,戴晓峰,张昕,等.测井-地震-油藏模拟一体化技术及其在老油田挖潜中的应用[J].石油物探,2016,55(5):617-639GAN L D,DAI X F,ZHANG X,et al.Logging seismic reservoir simulation integration technology and application in the old oil field[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum 2016,55(5):617-639
[17]陈楠,祝媛媛,张光德,等.基于QT的地震勘探可扩展平台研发与应用[J].华北地震科学,2013,31(4):31-36CHEN N,ZHU Y Y,ZHANG G D,et al.Research and application of extensible platform for seismic exploration based on QT[J].Seismological Science in North China,2013,31(4):31-36
[18]郑昭,王志.裂缝介质地震波场特征正演模拟分析[J].工程地球物理学报,2013,10(4):487-492ZHENG Z,WANG Z.Forward modeling analysis of seismic wave field characteristics in fractured media[J].Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2013,10(4):487-492
[19] RUGER A.Varation of P-wave reflectivity with offset and azimuth in anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,1998,63(3):935-947