中国居民家庭收入流动性结构与影响因素研究——加入心理因素的城乡比较分析
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摘要
收入流动将对收入分配格局产生重要影响,良好的收入流动性结构有利于缩小收入差距、优化收入格局。基于2010—2016年中国家庭追踪调查数据的分析表明,在2010—2012年、2012—2014年和2014—2016年三个时间段,整体样本、农村样本和城市样本家庭收入流动的向上/向下比率均大于1,表明当前中国居民家庭收入流动性结构合理,有利于收入分配格局优化;虽然低收入层级向上流动的几率较大,但高收入层级(尤其是城市地区)固化的现象也较为显著;长期来看,居民受教育水平和幸福感的提高有助于防范家庭收入层级向下流动。因此,应进一步提高教育质量,并切实增强人民群众的幸福感。
Income mobility has important effect on income distribution pattern and good income mobility structure is conducive to narrowing income gap and optimizing income pattern. Based on tracing survey data of Chinese families during 2010-2016,this paper found that the income flow structure during 2010-2012,2012-2014 and 2014-2016 was developed reasonably,the up/down ratio of family income mobility of the whole sample,rural sample and urban sample was bigger than 1,which was conducive to the optimization of income distribution pattern. Although the probability of low-income households moving upwards is high,the form of high-income households sticking to their economic status has expanded. From long-term perspective,the promotion of education level and happiness sense is helpful to prevent the downward mobility of family income. Thus,we should further boost education quality and really increase the happiness sense of Chinese people.
Income mobility has important effect on income distribution pattern and good income mobility structure is conducive to narrowing income gap and optimizing income pattern. Based on tracing survey data of Chinese families during 2010-2016,this paper found that the income flow structure during 2010-2012,2012-2014 and 2014-2016 was developed reasonably,the up/down ratio of family income mobility of the whole sample,rural sample and urban sample was bigger than 1,which was conducive to the optimization of income distribution pattern. Although the probability of low-income households moving upwards is high,the form of high-income households sticking to their economic status has expanded. From long-term perspective,the promotion of education level and happiness sense is helpful to prevent the downward mobility of family income. Thus,we should further boost education quality and really increase the happiness sense of Chinese people.
引文
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[2]权衡.收入差距与收入流动:国际经验比较及其启示[J].社会科学,2008(02):4-13+188.
[3]尚娟,王璐.基于CHNS数据的城乡居民收入流动性分析[J].中国农村经济,2013(12):4-14.
[4]杨穗,李实.转型时期中国居民家庭收入流动性的演变[J].世界经济,2017(11):3-21.
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[15]孙凯文,路江涌,白重恩.中国农村收入流动性分析[J].经济研究,2007(08):43-57.
[16]张静科.上升还是下沉——基于收入流动性视角的失地农户收入研究[J].学术论坛,2014(10):98-102.
[17]严斌剑,周应恒,于晓华.中国农村人均家庭收入流动性研究:1986—2010年[J].经济学季刊,2014(3):939-968.
[18]臧微,白雪梅.中国居民收入流动性的区域结构研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015(7):57-73.
[19] EASTERLIN R A,et al.The happiness-income paradox revisted[J].PNAS,2010,107(52):22463-22468.
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[21]庞洪伟,巩艳红.幸福感对城镇居民就业、创业能力的影响[J].经济问题探索,2017(10):48-56.
[22] ATKINSON A,BOURGUIGNON F,MORRISON C.Emoirical syrdies of earnings mobility[M].Harwood Academic Publishers,1992:63-89.
[23] WESARAT P-O,et al.A conceptual framewotk of happiness at the workplace[J].Asian Social Science,2010,11(2):78-88.
[2]权衡.收入差距与收入流动:国际经验比较及其启示[J].社会科学,2008(02):4-13+188.
[3]尚娟,王璐.基于CHNS数据的城乡居民收入流动性分析[J].中国农村经济,2013(12):4-14.
[4]杨穗,李实.转型时期中国居民家庭收入流动性的演变[J].世界经济,2017(11):3-21.
[5]王海港.中国居民家庭的收入变动及其对长期平等的影响[J].经济研究,2005(1):56-6.
[6]胡祺智,王朝明.中国收入流动性实证研究——基于多种指标测度[J].中国农村经济,2013(12):30-40.
[7]王洪亮.中国区域居民收入流动性的实证研究——对区域收入位序变动强弱研究[J].管理世界,2009(3):36-44.
[8]王洪亮,刘志彪,孙文华,胡祺智.中国居民获取收入的机会是否平等:基于收入流动性的微观计量[J].世界经济,2012(01):114-143.
[9]尹恒,李实,邓曲恒.中国城镇个人收入流动性研究[J].经济研究,2006(10):30-43.
[10]章奇,米建伟,黄季焜.收入流动性和收入分配——来自中国农村的经验证据[J].经济研究,2007(11):123-138.
[11]谷晓然,冯乾.中国城市居民收入流动性和群体性差异研究[J].现代经济探讨,2016(01):26-30.
[12]刘志国,马健.谁的上升空间受到了挤压:收入流动性角度的分析[J].经济学动态,2016(08):53-60.
[13]杜冰清,吕之望.教育对农村居民收入流动性的影响[J].金融评论,2013(05):98-103.
[14]潘从文,胡祺智.中国城乡低收入动态的实证研究——基于收入流动性分析的视角[J].中国经济问题,2010(05):31-41.
[15]孙凯文,路江涌,白重恩.中国农村收入流动性分析[J].经济研究,2007(08):43-57.
[16]张静科.上升还是下沉——基于收入流动性视角的失地农户收入研究[J].学术论坛,2014(10):98-102.
[17]严斌剑,周应恒,于晓华.中国农村人均家庭收入流动性研究:1986—2010年[J].经济学季刊,2014(3):939-968.
[18]臧微,白雪梅.中国居民收入流动性的区域结构研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015(7):57-73.
[19] EASTERLIN R A,et al.The happiness-income paradox revisted[J].PNAS,2010,107(52):22463-22468.
[20] OSWALD A.J,et al.Happiness and productivity[R].IZA Discussiong Paper,2009,No.46-45.
[21]庞洪伟,巩艳红.幸福感对城镇居民就业、创业能力的影响[J].经济问题探索,2017(10):48-56.
[22] ATKINSON A,BOURGUIGNON F,MORRISON C.Emoirical syrdies of earnings mobility[M].Harwood Academic Publishers,1992:63-89.
[23] WESARAT P-O,et al.A conceptual framewotk of happiness at the workplace[J].Asian Social Science,2010,11(2):78-88.