烟-稻轮作复种年限对烤烟产质量和化学成分的影响
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摘要
为促进皖南烟-稻轮作区土壤和作物健康可持续发展,通过研究分析不同烟-稻轮作复种年限(1年、3年和7年)对烤烟产质量和化学成分的影响,探寻皖南烟-稻轮作区适宜的烤烟复种年限。结果表明,烟-稻轮作复种达到3年,烤烟青枯病的发病率会显著增加,产量受到限制,烟叶产值显著下降12%,种烟的经济效益显著降低。烟-稻轮作复种7年,烟叶总糖显著降低,烟碱有增加的趋势,烟叶化学成分及其协调性受到了破坏,烟叶感官质量显著下降;并且复种3年烟叶总糖含量显著降低,烟叶甜度明显降低。综合分析烟叶产质量和种烟的经济效益,皖南烟-稻轮作区烟-稻复种不宜超过3年,采用隔年复种或2年隔1年的方式较为适宜。
To promote the healthy and sustainable development of soil and crops in tobacco-rice rotation region in southern Anhui, the optimal cultivating years of tobacco-rice rotation is discussed by studying the effect of different cultivating years(1 year, 3 years and 7 years) on yield, quality and chemical components of tobacco leaves. Results showed that: compared with 1 year tobacco-rice rotation, 3 years tobacco-rice rotation significantly increased the incidence of bacterial wilt, decreased the yield of tobacco leaves, and the output value of tobacco leaves decreased significantly by 12%, therefore, significantly reduced the economic benefits of tobacco planting. Moreover, 7 years tobacco-rice rotation significantly decreased the total sugar of tobacco leaves, while increased the nicotine, therefore, decreased the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves and the sensory quality. Furthermore, the total sugar content and sweetness of tobacco leaf decreased significantly in 3 years tobacco-rice rotation. Comprehensively considering yield and quality of tobacco leaves,and the economic benefits, successive tobacco-rice rotation should not be more than 3 years. The optimal cultivating years of tobacco-rice rotation should be one or two years to get high quality of tobacco leaves and high economic benefits for tobacco planting.
To promote the healthy and sustainable development of soil and crops in tobacco-rice rotation region in southern Anhui, the optimal cultivating years of tobacco-rice rotation is discussed by studying the effect of different cultivating years(1 year, 3 years and 7 years) on yield, quality and chemical components of tobacco leaves. Results showed that: compared with 1 year tobacco-rice rotation, 3 years tobacco-rice rotation significantly increased the incidence of bacterial wilt, decreased the yield of tobacco leaves, and the output value of tobacco leaves decreased significantly by 12%, therefore, significantly reduced the economic benefits of tobacco planting. Moreover, 7 years tobacco-rice rotation significantly decreased the total sugar of tobacco leaves, while increased the nicotine, therefore, decreased the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves and the sensory quality. Furthermore, the total sugar content and sweetness of tobacco leaf decreased significantly in 3 years tobacco-rice rotation. Comprehensively considering yield and quality of tobacco leaves,and the economic benefits, successive tobacco-rice rotation should not be more than 3 years. The optimal cultivating years of tobacco-rice rotation should be one or two years to get high quality of tobacco leaves and high economic benefits for tobacco planting.
引文
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[2]姜超强,沈嘉,王火焰,等.烟杆还田对水稻产量和养分吸收的影响及其替代钾肥的效果[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(12):3969-3976.
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[13]沈嘉,姜超强,阎轶峰,等.亳州烟区烟叶质量特点分析与风格特色定位[J].华北农学报,2015,30(增刊):211-216.
[14]张玉树,丁洪,郑祥洲.闽西北烟-稻轮作系统地表氮、磷流失特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(5):969-976.
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[16]周兴华.烟稻轮作与烟草土传病害发生关系的初步探讨[J].中国烟草,1993(2):39-40.
[17]李春俭,张福锁,李文卿,等.我国烤烟生产中的氮素管理及其与烟叶品质的关系[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(2):331-337.
[18]邓小华,周冀衡,陈新联,等.烟叶质量评价指标间的相关性研究[J].中国烟草学报,2008,14(2):1-8.
[19]程贵敏,周淑平,厉福强.植烟土壤轮作对土壤养分和烟叶主要化学成分的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(27):14975-14976,14979.
[20]黎娟,裴晓东,李帆,等.浏阳烟稻轮作区烤烟适宜施氮量研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(10):58-63.
[21]阎克玉,袁志永,吴殿信,等.烤烟质量评价指标体系研究[J].郑州轻工业学院学报,2001(4):57-61.
[22]毕淑峰,朱显灵,马成泽.云南烤烟化学成分与香气品质的关系研究[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(6):67-68
[23]陈江华,刘建利,龙怀玉.中国烟叶矿质营养及主要化学成分含量特征研究[J].中国烟草学报,2004,10(5):24-31.
[24]和丽忠,张晓林,陈锦玉,等.生长调节物质对烤烟增钾控氮的作用及其对烟叶品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2001,17(4):10-14.
[25]李洪斌,张杨珠,胡日生,等.湘中南地区烟稻轮作条件下烟草作物的施肥效应与肥料效应函数研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(24):74-84.
[2]姜超强,沈嘉,王火焰,等.烟杆还田对水稻产量和养分吸收的影响及其替代钾肥的效果[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(12):3969-3976.
[3]董建江,邵伏文,张林,等.不同耕作模式对稻田土壤理化性质及经济效益的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(3):509-514.
[4]殷凤生,祖朝龙,杨华应,等.皖南双季稻区烟稻轮作生态环境的配套技术研究[J].安徽农学通报,2006,12(11):129-131.
[5]姜超强,董建江,徐经年,等.改良剂对土壤酸碱度和烤烟生长及烟叶中重金属含量的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(1):171-176.
[6]张晓玲,潘振刚,周晓锋,等.自毒作用与连作障碍[J].土壤通报,2007,38(4):781-784.
[7]张红,李洪斌,张杨珠,等.湘南烟区烟稻轮作和稻稻连作田土壤肥力质量的比较[J].湖南农业可续,2010(13):52-56.
[8]朱英华,屠乃美,肖汉乾,等.烟-稻复种连作年限对土壤钙镁硫含量的影响[J].华北农学报,2012,27(1):218-222.
[9]张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:219-241.
[10]阎克玉,赵献章.烟叶分级[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003:78.
[11]赵立红,方敦煌.连续流动分析法测定烟草中水溶性糖、烟碱、氯离子的比较研究[J].光谱实验室,2007,24(2):224-230.
[12]姜超强,李德成,王火焰,等.亳州烟区烤烟不同品种和产区间烟叶钾氯含量的差异分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(1):120-128.
[13]沈嘉,姜超强,阎轶峰,等.亳州烟区烟叶质量特点分析与风格特色定位[J].华北农学报,2015,30(增刊):211-216.
[14]张玉树,丁洪,郑祥洲.闽西北烟-稻轮作系统地表氮、磷流失特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(5):969-976.
[15]何念杰,唐祥宁,游春平.烟稻轮作与烟草病虫害关系的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,1995,17(3):294-299.
[16]周兴华.烟稻轮作与烟草土传病害发生关系的初步探讨[J].中国烟草,1993(2):39-40.
[17]李春俭,张福锁,李文卿,等.我国烤烟生产中的氮素管理及其与烟叶品质的关系[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(2):331-337.
[18]邓小华,周冀衡,陈新联,等.烟叶质量评价指标间的相关性研究[J].中国烟草学报,2008,14(2):1-8.
[19]程贵敏,周淑平,厉福强.植烟土壤轮作对土壤养分和烟叶主要化学成分的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(27):14975-14976,14979.
[20]黎娟,裴晓东,李帆,等.浏阳烟稻轮作区烤烟适宜施氮量研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(10):58-63.
[21]阎克玉,袁志永,吴殿信,等.烤烟质量评价指标体系研究[J].郑州轻工业学院学报,2001(4):57-61.
[22]毕淑峰,朱显灵,马成泽.云南烤烟化学成分与香气品质的关系研究[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(6):67-68
[23]陈江华,刘建利,龙怀玉.中国烟叶矿质营养及主要化学成分含量特征研究[J].中国烟草学报,2004,10(5):24-31.
[24]和丽忠,张晓林,陈锦玉,等.生长调节物质对烤烟增钾控氮的作用及其对烟叶品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2001,17(4):10-14.
[25]李洪斌,张杨珠,胡日生,等.湘中南地区烟稻轮作条件下烟草作物的施肥效应与肥料效应函数研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(24):74-84.