重载铁路大跨度钢桁梁桥复合材料轨枕适应性
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摘要
我国铁路钢桥传统上采用木枕传递活载,尽管木材有着良好的弹性和绝缘性能,但存在木材用量大和养护维修繁琐的不足,复合材料轨枕可通过截面设计使其在外形和重量上与木枕相近。为研究复合材料轨枕在30 t轴质量重载铁路上的适用性,对采用木枕和复合材料轨枕的64m单线铁路栓焊下承桁梁进行动力响应分析,考察货车以不同速度通过桥梁时车辆、轨枕和桥梁的动力性能,对比分析木枕和复合材料轨枕的受力和变形。研究结果表明:铺装不同类型轨枕时,就桥梁而言,各车速下跨中垂向位移和加速度均低于规范限值,满足行车安全要求;就车辆而言,各车速下轮重减载率和车体振动也均满足要求,且铺装木枕或复合材料轨枕时系统动力响应无显著差异;复合材料轨枕的应力比木枕大,但变形小于木枕,无论应力还是变形均远小于复合材料轨枕的许用应力和许用变形;就复合材料轨枕而言,虽然距力作用点较近处的轨枕受载比木枕大,但是两者差距小于2%,可认为基本一致。复合材料轨枕能满足30t轴质量货车在60～90km/h范围内安全平稳运行的要求,适合作为木枕替代品。
Wooden sleepers are traditionally used to transmit live loads on railway steel bridges in China. Although wood has good elasticity and insulation properties, it has the disadvantages of large amount of wood and cumbersome maintenance and repair.Composite sleepers can be similar in shape and weight to wooden pillows. Composite sleeperswhichcan be designed in terms of shape and weight are similar as wooden pillows. In order to study the applicability of the composite material sleeper on the 30 t axle mass load railway,coupling vibration analysis of the 64 m single-wire railway underpinning with wooden pillow and composite material sleeper was carried out. At different speeds through the bridge to examine the dynamic performance of train and bridge. The results show that: in the case of different types of sleeper, the vertical displacement and acceleration of the train are lower than the standard limit for the bridge, and the traffic safety requirements are satisfied. For the train, wheel load reduction and body vibration are also required to meet the requirements, and pavement or composite pillow when the system dynamic response is no significant difference.The stress of the composite sleeper is larger than that of the pillow, but still far less than the allowable stress of the composite sleeper.The deformation of the composite sleeper is less than that of the pillow, the deformation is less than permissible deformation;for the composite sleeper, although the load near the force point of the sleeper is bigger than the pillow, but the gap between the two is less than 2%, basically the same.therefore, composite sleepers can meet the trainin the range of 60～90 km/h safe and stable operation requirements and suitable as a substitute for wooden pillows.
Wooden sleepers are traditionally used to transmit live loads on railway steel bridges in China. Although wood has good elasticity and insulation properties, it has the disadvantages of large amount of wood and cumbersome maintenance and repair.Composite sleepers can be similar in shape and weight to wooden pillows. Composite sleeperswhichcan be designed in terms of shape and weight are similar as wooden pillows. In order to study the applicability of the composite material sleeper on the 30 t axle mass load railway,coupling vibration analysis of the 64 m single-wire railway underpinning with wooden pillow and composite material sleeper was carried out. At different speeds through the bridge to examine the dynamic performance of train and bridge. The results show that: in the case of different types of sleeper, the vertical displacement and acceleration of the train are lower than the standard limit for the bridge, and the traffic safety requirements are satisfied. For the train, wheel load reduction and body vibration are also required to meet the requirements, and pavement or composite pillow when the system dynamic response is no significant difference.The stress of the composite sleeper is larger than that of the pillow, but still far less than the allowable stress of the composite sleeper.The deformation of the composite sleeper is less than that of the pillow, the deformation is less than permissible deformation;for the composite sleeper, although the load near the force point of the sleeper is bigger than the pillow, but the gap between the two is less than 2%, basically the same.therefore, composite sleepers can meet the trainin the range of 60～90 km/h safe and stable operation requirements and suitable as a substitute for wooden pillows.
引文
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[17]JTJ 025-86,公路桥涵钢结构及木结构设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1988.JTJ 025-86,Specifications for design of steel structure and timber structure highway bridge and culvets[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,1988.
[18]中国铁道科学研究院.复合材料轨枕受力状态分析报告[R].北京:中国铁道科学研究院,2016.China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited.Analysis report on stress state of composite sleeper[R].Beijing:China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,2016.
[2]QIAO E,DAVALOS J F,ZIPFEL M G.Modelling and optimal design of composite reinforced wood railroad crosstie[J].Composite Structures,1998(41):87-96.
[3]THIERFELDER T,SANDSTROM E.The creosote content of used railway crossties as compared with European stipulations for hazardous waste[J].Science of the Total Environ,2008,402(1):106-112.
[4]GONG M,DELAHUNTY S,CHUI Y H,et al.Use of low grade hardwoods for fabricating laminated railway ties[J].Constrution and Building Materials,2013,41(41):73-78.
[5]ERP G V,MCKAY M.Recent Australian developments in fibre composite railway sleepers[J].Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering,2013,13(1):62-66.
[6]長藤敬晴,阿部則次.合成まくらぎ15年の経験[J].鉄道総研報告,1997,11(2):43-48.Keiharu Nagato,Noriji Abe.15 Years laying experience of synthetic sleeper[J].Railway Institute Research Report,1997,11(2):43-48.
[7]TAKAI H,SATOY,SATO K.Japanese twenty five years experiences and standardization of synthetic sleeper[C]//Proceedings of 7 World Congress on Railway Research,Montreal,Canada,2006.
[8]KOLLER G.FFU Synthetic sleepers offer material gains[J].Railway Gazette International,2010,166(8):42-43.
[9]OTTER D,PATTON R D,JOY R B.Developments in Alterna-tive bridge ties for open deck steel bridges[C]//2012 Annual Conference&Exposition,Chicago,IL.,American,2012.
[10]LOPRESTI J.Fiberglass wrapped tie performance evaluation report[R].Transportation Technology Center.Inc,2005.
[11]LOTFY I,FARHAT M,ISSA M A,et al.Flexural behavior of high-density polyethylene railroad crossties[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2016,230(3):813-824.
[12]王守琛.新型高聚物复合材料轨枕成型技术的研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2012.WANG Shouchen.Study on forming technology of new polymer composite sleeper[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2012.
[13]陈玉霄.新型复合材料轨枕组分与结构设计的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2008.CHEN Yuxiao.Study on composition and structure design of new type of sleeper composite[D].Haerbin:Northeast Forestry University,2008.
[14]杜宪亭,夏禾,张田.基于精细Runge-Kutta混合积分法的车桥耦合振动非迭代求解算法[J].振动与冲击,2013(13):39-42.DU Xianting,XIA He,ZHANG Tian.Non-iterative solving algorithm for coupled vibration of a train-bridge system based on precise Runge-Kutta hybrid integration method[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013(13):39-42.
[15]GB5599-1985,铁道车辆动力学性能评定和试验鉴定规范[S].北京:中国标准局,1985.GB5599-85,Railway vehicles-specification for evaluation the dynamic performance and accreditation test[S].Beijing:China Bureau of Standards,1985.
[16]铁运函[2004]120号,铁路桥梁检定规范[S].北京:中华人民共和国铁道部,2004.Railway Transport[2004]120,Code for rating existing railway bridges[S].Beijing:Ministry of Railways of China,2004.
[17]JTJ 025-86,公路桥涵钢结构及木结构设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,1988.JTJ 025-86,Specifications for design of steel structure and timber structure highway bridge and culvets[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,1988.
[18]中国铁道科学研究院.复合材料轨枕受力状态分析报告[R].北京:中国铁道科学研究院,2016.China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited.Analysis report on stress state of composite sleeper[R].Beijing:China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,2016.