不同脂肪源对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)生长和能量收支的影响
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摘要
本文探讨了三种植物油全部替代饲料中鱼油对虹鳟生长性能与各组分能量收支分配的影响。实验设置以鱼油为对照组,三个实验组脂肪源分别为大豆油、棕榈油、菜籽油,各组脂肪水平为20%。在16℃下饲养52d,每天饱食投喂两次。实验结果表明:(1)三种植物油替代鱼油对虹鳟生长性能无显著差异,但饲料中添加不同脂肪源对虹鳟各组分能量值以及能量分配影响显著;(2)添加大豆油组消化率93.19%,高于鱼油组92.07%、菜籽油组92.08%与棕榈油组92.03%,同时大豆油组粪便能分配率最低5.01%,但代谢能分配率最高41.04%(P<0.01);(3)菜籽油组排泄能分配最低为29.09%,表现出最佳能量分配策略。实验结果表明,虹鳟饲料中脂肪以添加菜籽油的能量分配策略最佳,棕榈油和鱼油效果相似。
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of total replacement of dietary fish oil by alternative lipid sources(soybean, rapeseed, palm) on the growth performance and energy budget of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three experimental diets were formulated to contain 20% of lipid the fourth was prepared with pure fish oil as control. The diets were fed to apparent satiation twice a day for 52 days at 16℃. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the performance of growth among diets. The energy budget of the rainbow trout, however, was different significantly among diets. Fish feeding diet containing soybean oil showed a higher apparent digestibility ratio(93.19%) than those feeding fish oil(92.57%), rapeseed oil(92.08%) and palm oil(92.03%) and the metabolism energy in food energy appeared the highest rate(41.04%) and the lowest fecal energy distribution rate(5.01%). The distribution of excretion energy of rapeseed oil was the lowest, showing the best energy allocation strategy. These results suggested that rapeseed oil is optimal dietary lipid in rainbow trout feed containing four lipid sources. Palm oil and fish oil showed the same effect on the energy allocation strategy.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of total replacement of dietary fish oil by alternative lipid sources(soybean, rapeseed, palm) on the growth performance and energy budget of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three experimental diets were formulated to contain 20% of lipid the fourth was prepared with pure fish oil as control. The diets were fed to apparent satiation twice a day for 52 days at 16℃. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the performance of growth among diets. The energy budget of the rainbow trout, however, was different significantly among diets. Fish feeding diet containing soybean oil showed a higher apparent digestibility ratio(93.19%) than those feeding fish oil(92.57%), rapeseed oil(92.08%) and palm oil(92.03%) and the metabolism energy in food energy appeared the highest rate(41.04%) and the lowest fecal energy distribution rate(5.01%). The distribution of excretion energy of rapeseed oil was the lowest, showing the best energy allocation strategy. These results suggested that rapeseed oil is optimal dietary lipid in rainbow trout feed containing four lipid sources. Palm oil and fish oil showed the same effect on the energy allocation strategy.
引文
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[3] FAO.The Trade and Markets Division.Market Assessments,Food Outlook[M].Rome:FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,2012.
[4] 常杰,牛化欣,李树国.冷水性鱼幼鱼脂肪酸营养生理及其代谢机制[J].北京:动物营养学报,2015,27(3):722-730.
[5] Torstensen B E, yvind Lie,Fr?yland L.Lipid metabolism and tissue composition in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar,L.)—Effects of capelin oil,palm oil,and oleic acid-enriched sunflower oil as dietary lipid sources[J].Germany;Lipids,2000,35(6):653-664.
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[7] Greene D H S,Selivonchick D P.Effects of dietary vegetable,animal and marine lipids on muscle lipid and hematology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Netherlands:Aquaculture,1990,89(2):165-182.
[8] Bell J,Mcevoy J D,Mcghee F,et al.Replacement of fish oil with rapeseed oil in diets of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affects tissue lipid compositions and hepatocyte fatty acid metabolism.[J].Bethesda:Journal of Nutrition,2001,131(5):1535.
[9] Bell J G,Henderson R J,Tocher D R,et al.Substituting fish oil with crude palm oil in the diet of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affects muscle fatty acid composition and hepatic fatty acid metabolism.[J].Bethesda :Journal of Nutrition,2002,132(2):222-30
[10] 王炳谦.中国鲑鳟鱼养殖[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2015:184.
[11] Winberg G G.Rate of metabolism and food requirements of fishes[J].Japanese:Fish.res.bd Can.trans.ser,1960,1962(2):475.
[12] Viegas,E.M.M.& Contreras,E.S.G.(1994) Effect of dietary crude palm oil and a deodorization distillate of soybean oil on growth of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum).Netherlands:Aquaculture 124:127-131.
[13] Legendre,M.,Kerdchuen,N.,Corraze,G.& Bergot,P.(1995) Larval rearing of African catfish,Heterobranchus longifilus (Teleostei,Clariidae):effect of dietary lipids on growth,urvival and fatty acid composition of fry.France :Aquatic Living Resources 8:355-363
[14] Fonseca-Madrigal J,Karalazos V,Campbell P J,et al.Influence of dietary palm oil on growth,tissue fatty acid compositions,and fatty acid metabolism in liver and intestine in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].England:Aquaculture Nutrition,2015,11(4):241-250.
[15] 朱小明,李少菁,姜晓东.能量代谢研究对水产配合饲料研制和评价的应用价值[J].厦门:应用海洋学学报,2001,20(z1):29-35.
[16] 谢小军,孙儒泳.鱼类的特殊动力作用的研究进展[J].武汉:水生生物学报,1991(1):82-90.
[17] Atack T H,Jauncey K,Matty A J.The utilization of some single cell proteins by fingerling mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio)[J].Netherlands:Aquaculture,1979,18(4):337-348.
[18] 李祖军,王道尊.从能量代谢水平评价鱼用饲料的研究[J].上海:上海海洋大学学报,1997(3):186-192.
[19] 冯健,覃志彪.4种不同脂肪源对太平洋鲑生长和体组成的影响[J].武汉:水生生物学报,2006,30(3):256-261.
[20] Leon T,Gaxiola G,Ramos L,et al.Energy balance of partially ablated adult females of the white shrimp Penaeus setiferus fed diets with different lipid levels[M].Europe:Spec Publ Eur Aquacul Soc,1993.19,144.
[21] 崔奕波,解绶启.鱼类生长变异的生物能量学机制[J].北京:中国科学院院刊,1998,13(6):453-455.
[22] 周萌,崔奕波,朱晓鸣,等.豆粕和土豆蛋白替代饲料中鱼粉对异育银鲫生长及能量收支的影响[J].武汉:水生生物学报,2002,26(4):370-377.
[23] 孙耀,张波,郭学武,等.鲐鱼能量收支及其饵料种类的影响[J].青岛:渔业科学进展,1999(2):96-100.
[24] 孙耀,郑冰,张波,等.日粮水平和饵料种类对黑鲷能量收支的影响[J].青岛:渔业科学进展,2002,23(1):60-65.
[25] 孙耀,张波,唐启升.摄食水平和饵料种类对黑鲪能量收支的影响[J].青岛:渔业科学进展,2001,22(2):0100032-3.
[2] FAO.The state of world fisheries and aquaculture[M].Rome:FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department,Food and Agriculture Organization of the UnitedNations,2008:176.
[3] FAO.The Trade and Markets Division.Market Assessments,Food Outlook[M].Rome:FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,2012.
[4] 常杰,牛化欣,李树国.冷水性鱼幼鱼脂肪酸营养生理及其代谢机制[J].北京:动物营养学报,2015,27(3):722-730.
[5] Torstensen B E, yvind Lie,Fr?yland L.Lipid metabolism and tissue composition in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar,L.)—Effects of capelin oil,palm oil,and oleic acid-enriched sunflower oil as dietary lipid sources[J].Germany;Lipids,2000,35(6):653-664.
[6] Richard N,Kaushik S L,Panserat S,et al.Replacing dietary fish oil by vegetable oils has little effect on lipogenesis,lipid transport and tissue lipid uptake in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].England:British Journal of Nutrition,2006,96(2):299.
[7] Greene D H S,Selivonchick D P.Effects of dietary vegetable,animal and marine lipids on muscle lipid and hematology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Netherlands:Aquaculture,1990,89(2):165-182.
[8] Bell J,Mcevoy J D,Mcghee F,et al.Replacement of fish oil with rapeseed oil in diets of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affects tissue lipid compositions and hepatocyte fatty acid metabolism.[J].Bethesda:Journal of Nutrition,2001,131(5):1535.
[9] Bell J G,Henderson R J,Tocher D R,et al.Substituting fish oil with crude palm oil in the diet of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affects muscle fatty acid composition and hepatic fatty acid metabolism.[J].Bethesda :Journal of Nutrition,2002,132(2):222-30
[10] 王炳谦.中国鲑鳟鱼养殖[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2015:184.
[11] Winberg G G.Rate of metabolism and food requirements of fishes[J].Japanese:Fish.res.bd Can.trans.ser,1960,1962(2):475.
[12] Viegas,E.M.M.& Contreras,E.S.G.(1994) Effect of dietary crude palm oil and a deodorization distillate of soybean oil on growth of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum).Netherlands:Aquaculture 124:127-131.
[13] Legendre,M.,Kerdchuen,N.,Corraze,G.& Bergot,P.(1995) Larval rearing of African catfish,Heterobranchus longifilus (Teleostei,Clariidae):effect of dietary lipids on growth,urvival and fatty acid composition of fry.France :Aquatic Living Resources 8:355-363
[14] Fonseca-Madrigal J,Karalazos V,Campbell P J,et al.Influence of dietary palm oil on growth,tissue fatty acid compositions,and fatty acid metabolism in liver and intestine in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].England:Aquaculture Nutrition,2015,11(4):241-250.
[15] 朱小明,李少菁,姜晓东.能量代谢研究对水产配合饲料研制和评价的应用价值[J].厦门:应用海洋学学报,2001,20(z1):29-35.
[16] 谢小军,孙儒泳.鱼类的特殊动力作用的研究进展[J].武汉:水生生物学报,1991(1):82-90.
[17] Atack T H,Jauncey K,Matty A J.The utilization of some single cell proteins by fingerling mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio)[J].Netherlands:Aquaculture,1979,18(4):337-348.
[18] 李祖军,王道尊.从能量代谢水平评价鱼用饲料的研究[J].上海:上海海洋大学学报,1997(3):186-192.
[19] 冯健,覃志彪.4种不同脂肪源对太平洋鲑生长和体组成的影响[J].武汉:水生生物学报,2006,30(3):256-261.
[20] Leon T,Gaxiola G,Ramos L,et al.Energy balance of partially ablated adult females of the white shrimp Penaeus setiferus fed diets with different lipid levels[M].Europe:Spec Publ Eur Aquacul Soc,1993.19,144.
[21] 崔奕波,解绶启.鱼类生长变异的生物能量学机制[J].北京:中国科学院院刊,1998,13(6):453-455.
[22] 周萌,崔奕波,朱晓鸣,等.豆粕和土豆蛋白替代饲料中鱼粉对异育银鲫生长及能量收支的影响[J].武汉:水生生物学报,2002,26(4):370-377.
[23] 孙耀,张波,郭学武,等.鲐鱼能量收支及其饵料种类的影响[J].青岛:渔业科学进展,1999(2):96-100.
[24] 孙耀,郑冰,张波,等.日粮水平和饵料种类对黑鲷能量收支的影响[J].青岛:渔业科学进展,2002,23(1):60-65.
[25] 孙耀,张波,唐启升.摄食水平和饵料种类对黑鲪能量收支的影响[J].青岛:渔业科学进展,2001,22(2):0100032-3.