防灾视角下城市韧性评价体系及优化策略
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摘要
为促进城市灾害韧性建设,从防灾角度出发,研究城市韧性。首先,从基础设施韧性、经济韧性、社会韧性、组织/制度韧性等4个方面分析城市防灾韧性,构建城市灾害韧性评价指标体系;然后,运用层次分析法计算各指标权重,应用云物元方法构建城市灾害韧性综合评价模型;最后,以河北省唐山市为例验证模型的有效性,并根据评价结果提出韧性城市建设的优化建议。研究结果表明:城市基础设施韧性和组织/制度韧性是城市灾害韧性评价应考虑的主要方面;用所建模型得到唐山市综合防灾韧性等级为良,与实际情况相符。
In order to promote urban disaster resilience, urban resilience was studied from the perspective of disaster prevention. Firstly,urban resilience was analyzed from four aspects including infrastructure resilience,economic resilience,social resilience,organizational and institutional resilience,and the evaluation index system was constructed. Then the weight of each index was calculated by analytic hierarchy process method,and the comprehensive evaluation model of urban disaster resilience was estalished by cloud matter-element method. Finally,the validity of the model was verified by taking Tangshan City,Hebei Province as an example,and the optimization suggestions for the construction of resilient cities were proposed based on the evaluation results. The results show that infrastructure resilience and organizational and institutional resilience are main factors that should be considered in the evaluation of urban disaster resilience,and that the comprehensive disaster resilience level of Tangshan city is calculated as good by the model,which is consistent with the actual situation.
In order to promote urban disaster resilience, urban resilience was studied from the perspective of disaster prevention. Firstly,urban resilience was analyzed from four aspects including infrastructure resilience,economic resilience,social resilience,organizational and institutional resilience,and the evaluation index system was constructed. Then the weight of each index was calculated by analytic hierarchy process method,and the comprehensive evaluation model of urban disaster resilience was estalished by cloud matter-element method. Finally,the validity of the model was verified by taking Tangshan City,Hebei Province as an example,and the optimization suggestions for the construction of resilient cities were proposed based on the evaluation results. The results show that infrastructure resilience and organizational and institutional resilience are main factors that should be considered in the evaluation of urban disaster resilience,and that the comprehensive disaster resilience level of Tangshan city is calculated as good by the model,which is consistent with the actual situation.
引文
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[2] CUTTER S L,BAMES L,BERRY M,et al. A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters[J]. Global Environmental Change,2008,18(4):598-606.
[3] DAVID M S. Indicator issues and proposed framework for a disaster preparedness index,draft report version 1. 0[D].Louisville:University of Louisville,2006.
[4]郭小东,安群飞,王威.基于韧性理论的老旧社区灾害风险评价及优化策略[C].规划60年:成就与挑战—2016中国城市规划年会论文集,2016:1-13.
[5]李亚,翟国方.我国城市灾害韧性评估及其提升策略研究[J].规划师,2017,33(8):5-11.LI Ya,ZHAI Guofang. China's urban disaster resilience evaluation and promotion[J]. Planners,2017,33(8):5-11.
[6] GODSCHALK D R. Urban hazard mitigation:creating resilient cities[J]. Natural Hazards,2003,4(3):136-143.
[7]李彤玥.韧性城市研究新进展[J].国际城市规划,2017,32(5):15-25.LI Tongyue. New progress in study on resilient cities[J]. Urban Planning International,2017,32(5):15-25.
[8]杨雅婷.抗震防灾视角下城市韧性社区评价体系及优化策略研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2016.YANG Yating. Study on evaluation system and optimization strategy for resilient community under the perspective of earthquake resistance[D]. Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2016.
[9]陈长坤,陈以琴,施波,等.雨洪灾害情境下城市韧性评估模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2018,28(4):1-6.CHEN Changkun,CHEN Yiqin,SHI Bo,et al. An model for evaluating urban resilience to rainstorm flood disasters[J].China Safety Science Journal,2018,28(4):1-6.
[10]章清,王生新,汪鹏飞,等.基于熵权可拓理论的管道坡面水毁危险性评价[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(12):110-115.ZHANG Qing,WANG Shengxin,WANG Pengfei,et al. Assessment of risk of flood damage at slope of pipeline based on combination of entropy method and extension theory[J]. China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(12):110-115.
[11]岳开伟.基于云物元的电能质量综合评估及其应用研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.YUE Kaiwei. The study of a comprehensive power quality evaluation model based on cloud matter element theory and its application[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2012.
[12]李如琦,苏浩益.基于可拓云理论的电能质量综合评估模型[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(1):66-70.LI Ruqi,SU Haoyi. A synthetic power quality evaluation model based on extension cloud theory[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(1):66-70.