琼州海峡古河道及其工程地质评价
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摘要
为评价琼州海峡跨海通道工程稳定性,利用单道地震探测技术开展了海峡地质灾害调查,发现在地震反射层Ⅰ和层Ⅲ之间埋藏着两条古河道,沿现今海槽两侧的岸坡区发育。北侧古河道沿海峡北侧岸坡灯楼角至海安港一线发育,呈弧形绕雷州半岛西南玄武岩台地分布。南侧古河道分布于临高角至东水港一线。结合区域地质资料,确定它们具有形成较晚的年代学特征。北侧古河道形成年代至少晚于中更新世,南侧古河道可能为全新世。古河道几何特征分析显示其具有北缓南陡的不对称"U"型几何特征。按照钻探资料,古河道填充物具有软土、砂层互层沉积特征。因此,在地震、海浪和潮流及重大工程建设施工等外部动力联合作用下,古河道极易触发顺层滑塌、砂土液化、软土震陷等地质灾害。使得古河道工程地质条件及稳定性成为跨海通道无法规避且必须解决的地质问题之一。
The geological hazards investigation is carried out,with the application of the single channel seismic detection technology, to evaluate the stability of the Qiongzhou strait cross-sea corridor engineering. Two paleochannels are found between the seismic reflection layers I and Ⅲ. They are along the both bank slopes of the present trough. The northern one lies on the bank slopes from the Dengloujiao Cape to the Haian Port. It has an arc-shaped geometry around the southwest basalt platform of the Leizhou Peninsula. The other is from the Lingao Cape to the Dongshui Port. According to the regional geological data,they both have a relatively late chronological characteristic. The northern one is at least later than the Middle Pleistocene,and the other may be Holocene. The geometric characteristic analysis shows their asymmetric "U"geometric feature. They are steep in the south side and gentle in the north. According to the drilling data,their filling has the deposition characteristics of mutual layer of soft soil and sand. Therefore,it is easy to trigger geological disasters including bedding collapse,sand liquefaction and soft soil seismic subsidence,due to the combined action of external forces such as earthquakes,waves and tidalcurrents and major engineering construction. Their geological conditions and stability can be one of the geological problems unable to evade and must be solved in the Qiongzhou strait cross-sea corridor engineering.
The geological hazards investigation is carried out,with the application of the single channel seismic detection technology, to evaluate the stability of the Qiongzhou strait cross-sea corridor engineering. Two paleochannels are found between the seismic reflection layers I and Ⅲ. They are along the both bank slopes of the present trough. The northern one lies on the bank slopes from the Dengloujiao Cape to the Haian Port. It has an arc-shaped geometry around the southwest basalt platform of the Leizhou Peninsula. The other is from the Lingao Cape to the Dongshui Port. According to the regional geological data,they both have a relatively late chronological characteristic. The northern one is at least later than the Middle Pleistocene,and the other may be Holocene. The geometric characteristic analysis shows their asymmetric "U"geometric feature. They are steep in the south side and gentle in the north. According to the drilling data,their filling has the deposition characteristics of mutual layer of soft soil and sand. Therefore,it is easy to trigger geological disasters including bedding collapse,sand liquefaction and soft soil seismic subsidence,due to the combined action of external forces such as earthquakes,waves and tidalcurrents and major engineering construction. Their geological conditions and stability can be one of the geological problems unable to evade and must be solved in the Qiongzhou strait cross-sea corridor engineering.
引文
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Han X H,Xue Y L,Chen W.2017.Study of engineering geological characteristics of the offshore area in Gancheng,Hainan[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,14(1):69-76.
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Li X J,Wang L Q Liang K,et al.2002.Stratigraphic classification and engineering geological characteristics the sea floor in Qiongzhou strait[J].Guangdong Geology,17(4):50-57.
Lin X D,Zong Y Q.1987.More on the origin of the Qiongzhou Strait[J].Tropical Geography,7(4):338-345.
Liu K,Zhuang Z Y,Liu D Y,et al.2009.Study of the buried ancient channels in the continental shelf area out of the mouth of the Changjiang River in China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,31(5):80-88.
Liu X L,Zhu C Q,Wang D,et al.2017.Progress in marine engineering geology:summary of the international symposium on marine engineering geology[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(3):886-891.
Liu Y X,Zhan W H,Qiu X L,et al.1993.Study on recent tectonic stress field,recent crustal,movement and crustal stability in south China sea and its adjacent area[J].South China Journal of Seismology,13(1):11-21.
NI Y G,Xia Z,Ma S Z.2014.The opening of Qiongzhou Strait:Evidence from sub-bottom profiles[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,34(4):79-82.
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Peng J W.2008.Analysis of geological conditions of the fixed cross-sea passage in Qiongzhou strait[J].Subgrade Engineering,(3):94-95.
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Peng X C.2000.Geological structure characteristics and cause of formation analyzing in Qiongzhou strait,South China Sea[J].Geological of Eological South China Sea,44-57.
Pu R H.1994.Geological interpretation of progradational reflections[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,29(4):490-497.
Shi X D,Huang F M,Tan Z S,et al.2010.Study on options of Qiongzhou Strait Tunnel[J].Tunnel Construction,30(6):625-628.
Shi Y H,Zheng Z C.2008.Engineering geological investigation methods of cross-sea tunnel-A case study of engineering geological investigation of Qiongzhou Strait Cross-sea Engineering[J].Geological Research of South China Sea,(1):108-113.
Shi Y J.2011.Ancient river bed distribution and its effect on construction in land area of Shanghai[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,19(2):277-283.
Tan Z S,Wang M S,Yang X L.2001.Construction technology of undersea tunnel and the feasibility of Qiongzhou strait tunnel[J].Journal of Jiaozuo Institute of Technology(Natural Science),20(4):286-291.
Tan Z S,Wang M S,Luo S X.2009.Scheme comparison of Qiongzhou strait railway tunne[J].Engineering Sciences,11(7):39-44.
Wang H J.1981.Stratigraphic classification of Cenozoic strata in Leiqiong area of Guangdong province[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,5(3):221-225.
Wang L R,Zhao H T,Song C J,et al.2002.Coastal geomorphic evolution at the Denglou Cape Leizhou Peninsula of China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica 24(6):135-144.
Wang L Z,Pan D Z,Pan C H,et al.2007.Experimental investigation on wave-induced response of seabed[J].China civil Engineering Journal,40(9):101-109.
Wu S R,Chen Q X,Sun Y.1995.Recent progress of the study on regional crustal stability in China[J].Journal of Geomechanics,1(1)31-37.
Xu J,Wang G Q,Li X Z.1999.A preliminary research on potential effect of underground engineering on groundwater environment[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,7(1):15-19.
Xu Q H.2006.The coseismic coast fast sinkage and the following possible tsunami caused by the 1605 Qiongshan Strong Earthquake and the evidence[J].South China Journal of Seismology,26(1):17-26.
Yi M C,Wang Q L,Li X,et al.1996.A brief description of Chinese regional crustal stability assessment[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2(3):75-76.
Zhan W H,Liu Y X.1989.A Study on faulting and regional stability in Qiongzhou strait[J].Tropic Oceanology,8(4):70-76.
Zhang H N,Chen W G.1987.A search for the cause of Qiongzhou Strait[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,9(5):594-602.
Zhang Z Y,Liu R H,Han Z Y.1987.The Quaternary stratigraphy along the coastal area of Hainan island[J].Tropical Geography,7(1):54-64.
Zhao H T,Wang L R,Song C J,et al.2002.Features of fringing reef at Dengloujiao,Leiziong peninsula[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,22(2):35-40.
Zhao H T,Wang L R,Yuan J Y.2007.Origin and time of Qiongzhou strait[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,27(2):33-40.
Zhao Y X,Xu Q H,Liu F Y,et al.2013.Progresses of palaeochannel studies in China in the past 20 years[J].Progress in Geography,32(1):3-19.
陈恩民,黄咏茵.1989.1605年海南岛琼州大地震的震害特征和发震构造研究[J].地震学报,11(3):319-331.
陈泓君,李文成,陈弘,等.2005.南海北部中更新世晚期以来古海岸变迁及其地质意义[J].南海地质研究,57-66.
程振廷.2008.跨越琼州海峡铁路隧道施工方案刍议[J].隧道建设,28(4):423-451.
冯伟文,范时清.1990.琼州海峡西段第四纪沉积相与环境[J].热带海洋,9(2):39-45.
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