基于高密度钻孔揭露的广州城区软土分布特征及震陷预测
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摘要
以面积达270km2的广州城区为研究区,利用高密度分布的近12 000个钻孔,综合各行业规范对软土的定义,判别出广州城区的软土层,并详细分析其空间分布特征,结果为:研究区内近80%的面积其下伏地层有软土分布,软土层在广州城区埋藏较浅,其顶板埋深约6.0m以浅,并呈现中部浅、南北两侧深的特点;另外,软土层在广州城区沉积厚度差异较大,厚度不足1.5~13.5m者皆有分布,其中厚度大于3.0m的地区占了研究区面积的32%,同时软土的厚度分布呈现出研究区南部、西部的厚度大,中部、北部的厚度小,河流岸边的厚度大,远离河流的厚度小的特点,并且呈现出两个沉积中心。结合上述结果,初步预测出研究区内近1/3的面积在强烈地震时可能产生软土震陷,软土震陷区主要集中在研究区的西部和南部。
This research was conducted in urban Guangzhou within an area of 270 km2.About12 000 high-density boreholes were used to investigate the soft soil in the region.The distribution features of the soft soil were analyzed in detail according to different standards.The results are summarized as follows:(1)Soft soil deposits shallower than 6 mare distributed in about 80%of the study area,and the soft soil underlying in the north and the south of the study area are both deeper than that in the middle.(2)The thickness of soft soil is rather different in urban Guangzhou,which extends from less than 1.5 mto 13.5 m.Furthermore,the soft soil in the south andthe west of the study area is thicker than that in the middle and the north.The soft soil near the river is thicker than that far away from the river.(3)It is predicted that seismic subsidence of soft soil during earthquake is possible in about a third of the study area,mainly in the west and the south of the study area.
This research was conducted in urban Guangzhou within an area of 270 km2.About12 000 high-density boreholes were used to investigate the soft soil in the region.The distribution features of the soft soil were analyzed in detail according to different standards.The results are summarized as follows:(1)Soft soil deposits shallower than 6 mare distributed in about 80%of the study area,and the soft soil underlying in the north and the south of the study area are both deeper than that in the middle.(2)The thickness of soft soil is rather different in urban Guangzhou,which extends from less than 1.5 mto 13.5 m.Furthermore,the soft soil in the south andthe west of the study area is thicker than that in the middle and the north.The soft soil near the river is thicker than that far away from the river.(3)It is predicted that seismic subsidence of soft soil during earthquake is possible in about a third of the study area,mainly in the west and the south of the study area.
引文
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[21]石兆吉,郁寿松.软土震陷计算中若干问题的讨论[J].地震工程与工程振动,1989,9(4):92-97.SHI Zhaoji,YU Shousong.Discussion on Some Problems in Seismic Settlement Evaluation of Soft Soil[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1989,9(4):92-97.
[22]周大鹏,姜慧,吴彬.填海场地软弱夹层的地震响应特征分析[J].华南地震,2017,37(2):48-52.ZHOU Dapeng,JIANG Hui,WU Bin.Seismic Response Characteristics Analysis of Weak Interlayer Reclamation Site[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2017,37(2):48-52.
[23]金建敏,陈鹏,谭平,等.P-Δ效应对基础隔震结构地震响应影响研究[J].华南地震,2017,37(2):58-64.JIN Jianmin,CHEN Peng,Tan Ping,et al.Study on the Effect of P-ΔEffects on Seismic Response of Base Isolation Structure[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2017,37(2):58-64.
[24]王忆,张克绪,谢君斐.地震引起建筑物沉降的简化分析[J].土木工程学报,1992,25(5):63-70.WANG Yi,ZHANG Kexu,XIE Junfen.Simplified Analysis of Earthquake Induced Settlement of Buildings[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1992,25(5):63-70.
[25]梅梦琴,戴高鹏,刘思聪,等.抗拉隔震结构的振动台试验研究[J].华南地震,2017,37(2):106-112.MEI Mengqin,DAI Gaopeng,LIU Sicong,et al.Shaking Table Test of Tensile-resistant Isolation Structures[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2017,37(2):106-112.
[26]周健,屠洪权,安原一哉.动力荷载作用下软黏土的残余变形计算模式[J].岩土力学,1996,17(1):54-60.ZHOU Jian,TU Hongquan,Yaswhara Ishiya.A Model for Predicting the Cyclic Behavior of Soft Clay[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1996,17(1):54-60.
[2]彭承光,李运贵.场地地震效应工程勘察基础[M].北京:地震出版社,2004.PENG Chengguang,LI Yungui.Engineering Investigation Base for Seismic Effect of Site[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2004.
[3]方陵生.旧金山大地震:过去与未来[J].世界科学,2006(7):17-19.FANG Lingsheng.San Francisco Earthquake:Past and Future[J].World Science,2006(7):17-19.
[4]卢振恒.地震引发惊人的系列火灾灾害——以地震火灾严重闻名于世的日本关东大地震[J].中国人民防空,2002(4):34-35.LU Zhenheng.Series Tremendous Fire Disasters Caused by Earthquake-The Famous Kanto Earthquake as a Case[J].Chinese Civil Air Defense,2002(4):34-35.
[5]中国科学院工程力学研究所.海城地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1979.Institute of Engineering Mechanics,CAS.Seismic Damage of Haicheng Earthquake[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1979.
[6]刘恢先.唐山大地震震害[M].北京:地震出版社,1986.LIU Huixian.Seismic Damage of Tangshan Earthquake[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1986.
[7]陈翔,邓存华,李雷,等.2014年新不列颠地区MS6.2地震的震相特征分析[J].华南地震,2016,36(1):7-15.CHEN Xiang,DENF Cunhua,LI Lei,et al.The Seismic Characteristics Analysis of the 2014 MS6.2New Britain Earthquake[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2016,36(1):7-15.
[8]钮泽蓁.1985年墨西哥地震高层建筑的地震表现[J].建筑结构,1991(1):58-62.NIU Zezhen.Seismic Performance of High Buildings in 1985Mexico Earthquake[J].Building Structure,1991(1):58-62.
[9]彭承光,李运贵,卢帮华,等.台湾集集7.6级地震车笼埔发震断层场地灾害综述[J].防灾博览,2000(9):9-13.PENG Chengguang,LI Yungui,LU Banghua,et al.Review of Chelongpu Seismogenic Fault's Site Damage in Chi-Chi MS7.6Earthquake,Taiwan[J].Overview of Disaster Prevention,2000(9):9-13.
[10]吴华平,郭良田.活动断层探测中断层气真、假异常判别方法[J].华南地震,2016,36(2):50-55.WU Huaping,GUO Liangtian.A Method of Distinguishing True and False Anomaly of Fault Gas in Active Faults Survey[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2016,36(2):50-55.
[11]杨小二,张永领.地震灾害情景下农村自救互救能力研究[J].华南地震,2016,36(1):30-35.YANG Xiaoer,ZHANG Yongling.Research on Rural Area's Self and Mutual Rescue Capability under the Earthquake Disaster[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2016,36(1):30-35.
[12]江席苗.汶川地震地基基础震害调查研究[D].上海:同济大学,2009.JIANG Ximiao.Investigation on Seismic Damage of Foundations in Wenchuan Earthquake[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2009.
[13]郭钦华,郭良田,陈庞龙.广州市城区地震地质灾害探讨[J].华南地震,2008,28(2):85-94.GUO Qinhua,GUO Liangtian,CHEN Panglong.Assessment of Urban Seismogeologic Disasters in Guangzhou City[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2008,28(2):85-94.
[14]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社,2006.HU Yuxian.Earthquake Engineering[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2006.
[15]郭钦华,郑洁红,梁致荣,等.珠江三角洲场地震害预测[J].华南地震,1995,15(3):22-33.GUO Qinhua,ZHENG Jiehong,LIANG Zhirong,et al.Prediction of Site Earthquake Hazard in the Pearl River Delta Area[J].South China Journal of Seismology,1995,15(3):22-33.
[16]宿文姬,蔡美峰,乔兰.珠江三角洲场地震害分析与评判[J].北京科技大学学报,2006,28(1):12-16.SU Wenji,CAI Meifeng,QIAO Lan.Analysis and Judgment for Site Earthquake Damages in Pearl River Delta[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2006,28(1):12-16.
[17]黄镇国,李平日,张仲英,等.珠江三角洲的形成发育演变[M].广州:科学普及出版社广州分社,1982.HUANG Zhenguo,LI Pingri,ZHANG Zhongying,et al.Form,Development,and Evolution of the Pearl Delta[M].Guangzhou:Guangzhou Popular Science Press,1982.
[18]李平日,郑建生,方国祥.广州地区第四纪地质[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,1989.LI Pingri,ZHENG Jiansheng,FANG Guoxiang.Quaternary Geology in Guangzhou Area[M].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology Press,1989.
[19]岩土工程勘察规范(GB 50021-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.Code for Investigation of Geotechnical Engineering(GB50021-2001)[S]:Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2009.
[20]郁寿松,石兆吉.土壤震陷试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1989,11(4):35-44.YU Shousong,SHI Zhaoji.Study on Seismic Sink Test of Soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1989,11(4):35-44.
[21]石兆吉,郁寿松.软土震陷计算中若干问题的讨论[J].地震工程与工程振动,1989,9(4):92-97.SHI Zhaoji,YU Shousong.Discussion on Some Problems in Seismic Settlement Evaluation of Soft Soil[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1989,9(4):92-97.
[22]周大鹏,姜慧,吴彬.填海场地软弱夹层的地震响应特征分析[J].华南地震,2017,37(2):48-52.ZHOU Dapeng,JIANG Hui,WU Bin.Seismic Response Characteristics Analysis of Weak Interlayer Reclamation Site[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2017,37(2):48-52.
[23]金建敏,陈鹏,谭平,等.P-Δ效应对基础隔震结构地震响应影响研究[J].华南地震,2017,37(2):58-64.JIN Jianmin,CHEN Peng,Tan Ping,et al.Study on the Effect of P-ΔEffects on Seismic Response of Base Isolation Structure[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2017,37(2):58-64.
[24]王忆,张克绪,谢君斐.地震引起建筑物沉降的简化分析[J].土木工程学报,1992,25(5):63-70.WANG Yi,ZHANG Kexu,XIE Junfen.Simplified Analysis of Earthquake Induced Settlement of Buildings[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1992,25(5):63-70.
[25]梅梦琴,戴高鹏,刘思聪,等.抗拉隔震结构的振动台试验研究[J].华南地震,2017,37(2):106-112.MEI Mengqin,DAI Gaopeng,LIU Sicong,et al.Shaking Table Test of Tensile-resistant Isolation Structures[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2017,37(2):106-112.
[26]周健,屠洪权,安原一哉.动力荷载作用下软黏土的残余变形计算模式[J].岩土力学,1996,17(1):54-60.ZHOU Jian,TU Hongquan,Yaswhara Ishiya.A Model for Predicting the Cyclic Behavior of Soft Clay[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1996,17(1):54-60.