水肥耦合对极端干旱区滴灌葡萄耗水规律及作物系数影响
|
摘要
为探讨水肥耦合对极端干旱区滴灌葡萄耗水规律的影响,探明不同水肥组合下滴灌葡萄耗水在各生育期内分布规律,以及在整个生育期的动态变化规律,确定区域内滴灌葡萄作物系数,利用水量平衡法和彭曼—蒙特斯公式,以试验区内成龄无核白葡萄为研究对象开展大田小区试验,设置灌水、施肥2因素,其中设灌水处理4个水平(600,675,750,825 mm,分别标记为W1、W2、W3、W4);施肥处理3水平(450,750,1 050 kg/hm~2,分别标记为F1、F2、F3)。结果表明:全生育期平均土壤含水率随灌溉定额增大而增大,其中W3、W4处理含水率分别为13.35%和14.04%,均高于12.80%(田间持水率的80%),水分供应充足。水肥耦合对产量及品质指标的影响均达极显著水平(P<0.01),产量、可溶性固形物在W3F2处理达最高值,可滴定酸和维生素C分别在W4F2和W4F3处理达到最优,但与W3F2处理均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。不同水肥处理下,灌水对总耗水量和各生育期内耗水量、耗水强度影响显著(P<0.05),施肥对总耗水量和各生育期内耗水量、耗水强度未达显著水平(P>0.05),水肥耦合效应对各生育期内耗水强度影响显著(P<0.05);不同水肥处理下葡萄全生育期总耗水量维持在665.96～902.90 mm;各处理耗水量、耗水强度随生育期的推进总体呈先增大再减小的趋势,且耗水强度和时间存在显著的二次曲线关系。各处理在浆果生长期和浆果成熟期耗水模数均值为27.01%～27.36%,为葡萄需水高峰期;其中W3F2处理下的耗水规律可视为区域内葡萄需水规律。葡萄作物系数随生育期的推进总体呈先增大再减小的趋势,与时间存在显著的二次曲线关系。研究可为吐哈盆地及类似地区无核白葡萄农田水肥管理与滴灌技术的推广提供科学依据,对区域水资源高效利用及实现区域内社会经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。
In order to explore the influence of water and fertilizer coupling on the water consumption rule of drip irrigated grape in extreme arid area, the distribution of water use in each growth stage and the dynamic changes in the whole growth stage were investigated under different water and fertilizer combinations. Then the crop coefficient of drip irrigated grape was determined in the area using the water balance method and the Penman-Montes formula. The age-old seedless white grape in the test area was taken as a research object, and two factors of irrigation and fertilization were set, including four irrigation treatments: 600, 675, 750, 825 mm(labeled W1, W2, W3, W4, respectively); three fertilization treatments: 450, 750, 1 050 kg/hm~2(labeled F1, F2, F3, respectively). The results showed that the average soil water contents increased with the increases of irrigation quota. The water contents of W3 and W4 were 13.35% and 14.04%, respectively, both of which were higher than 12.80%(80% of field water holding capacity), indicating the sufficient water supply. The effects of water and fertilizer coupling on yields and quality indicators reached the very significant level(P<0.01). The yield and soluble solids reached the highest value in W3 F2, but the titratable acid and vitamin C performaned best in W4 F2 and W4 F3, respectively. There was no significant difference in W3 F2(P>0.05). Under different treatments, irrigation had significant effects on the total water consumption and water consumption and water consumption intensities during each growth period(P<0.05), but the corresponding effects of fertilization did not reach significant level(P>0.05). The water-fertilizer coupling had a significant effect on the water consumption intensity during each growth period(P<0.05). The total water consumptions were maintained between 665.96 and 902.90 mm under the different treatments. The water consumption and water consumption intensities of each treatment increased first and then decreased during the growth periods. There was a significant quadratic curve relationship between water consumption intensities and time. The mean water consumption modulus of each treatment in the berry growth period and berry ripening period was 27.01%～27.36%, which was the peak of grape water demand. The water consumption law under W3 F2 could be regarded as the regional water requirement of grape. The grape crop coefficient generally increased first and then decreased during the growth periods showing a significant quadratic curve relationship with time. This study could provide a scientific basis for the promotion of water and fertilizer management and drip irrigation technology in the non-nuclear white grape farmland in similar areas of the Tuha Basin. It also could be of great significance for the efficient use of regional water resources and the realization of sustainable socio-economic development regionally.
In order to explore the influence of water and fertilizer coupling on the water consumption rule of drip irrigated grape in extreme arid area, the distribution of water use in each growth stage and the dynamic changes in the whole growth stage were investigated under different water and fertilizer combinations. Then the crop coefficient of drip irrigated grape was determined in the area using the water balance method and the Penman-Montes formula. The age-old seedless white grape in the test area was taken as a research object, and two factors of irrigation and fertilization were set, including four irrigation treatments: 600, 675, 750, 825 mm(labeled W1, W2, W3, W4, respectively); three fertilization treatments: 450, 750, 1 050 kg/hm~2(labeled F1, F2, F3, respectively). The results showed that the average soil water contents increased with the increases of irrigation quota. The water contents of W3 and W4 were 13.35% and 14.04%, respectively, both of which were higher than 12.80%(80% of field water holding capacity), indicating the sufficient water supply. The effects of water and fertilizer coupling on yields and quality indicators reached the very significant level(P<0.01). The yield and soluble solids reached the highest value in W3 F2, but the titratable acid and vitamin C performaned best in W4 F2 and W4 F3, respectively. There was no significant difference in W3 F2(P>0.05). Under different treatments, irrigation had significant effects on the total water consumption and water consumption and water consumption intensities during each growth period(P<0.05), but the corresponding effects of fertilization did not reach significant level(P>0.05). The water-fertilizer coupling had a significant effect on the water consumption intensity during each growth period(P<0.05). The total water consumptions were maintained between 665.96 and 902.90 mm under the different treatments. The water consumption and water consumption intensities of each treatment increased first and then decreased during the growth periods. There was a significant quadratic curve relationship between water consumption intensities and time. The mean water consumption modulus of each treatment in the berry growth period and berry ripening period was 27.01%～27.36%, which was the peak of grape water demand. The water consumption law under W3 F2 could be regarded as the regional water requirement of grape. The grape crop coefficient generally increased first and then decreased during the growth periods showing a significant quadratic curve relationship with time. This study could provide a scientific basis for the promotion of water and fertilizer management and drip irrigation technology in the non-nuclear white grape farmland in similar areas of the Tuha Basin. It also could be of great significance for the efficient use of regional water resources and the realization of sustainable socio-economic development regionally.
引文
[1] 白云岗.极端干旱区成龄葡萄需水规律及微灌节水技术研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2011.
[2] 杨慧慧.吐哈盆地滴灌葡萄耗水规律及灌溉制度研究[D].新疆石河子:石河子大学,2011.
[3] 王振华,扁青永,李文昊,等.南疆沙区成龄红枣水肥一体化滴灌的水肥适宜用量[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(11):96-104.
[4] 裴青宝,刘伟佳,张建丰,等.多点源滴灌条件下红壤水分溶质运移试验与数值模拟[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(12):255-262.
[5] 胡永翔,李援农,张莹.黄土高原区滴灌枣树作物系数和需水规律试验[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(11):87-91.
[6] 刘洪波,张江辉,白云岗,等.极端干旱区成龄葡萄耗水特征分析[J].节水灌溉,2012(11):5-8.
[7] 纪学伟,成自勇,张芮,等.干旱荒漠绿洲区酿酒葡萄滴灌控水灌溉试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):135-140.
[8] 何建斌,何新林,王振华,等.滴灌哈密大枣耗水规律初步研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2012(9):9-12.
[9] 刘洪波,张江辉,白云岗,等.滴灌条件下库尔勒香梨耗水特征分析[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(12):2206-2211.
[10] 钱翠,饶碧玉,罗绍芹,等.不同水肥处理对当归种植需水量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(9):5613-5617.
[11] 何建斌,王振华,何新林,等.极端干旱区不同灌水量对滴灌葡萄生长及产量的影响[J].农学学报,2013,3(2):65-69.
[12] 张学优.深层坑渗灌溉施肥制度对成龄葡萄土壤养分和生长特性影响研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2018.
[13] 谢森传,段新杰.503DR中子水分仪的标定[J].核农学通报,1987(6):14-19.
[14] 樊引琴,蔡焕杰.单作物系数法和双作物系数法计算作物需水量的比较研究[J].水利学报,2002,33(3):50-54.
[15] 张国军,王晓玥,孙磊,等.北京典型冲积平原葡萄耗水规律研究[J].华北农学报,2016,31(增刊1):51-56.
[16] 何园球,沈其荣,王兴祥,等.不同水分和施磷量对旱作水稻耗水量和水分利用率的影响[J].土壤学报,2003,40(6):901-907.
[17] 刘晓宏,肖洪浪,赵良菊.不同水肥条件下春小麦耗水量和水分利用率[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(1):56-59.
[18] 赵娜娜,刘钰,蔡甲冰.夏玉米作物系数计算与耗水量研究[J].水利学报,2010,41(8):953-959.
[19] 陈凤,蔡焕杰,王健,等.杨凌地区冬小麦和夏玉米蒸发蒸腾和作物系数的确定[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(5):191-193.
[20] 耿琳,王甫,崔宁博,等.温室苦瓜耗水规律及作物系数研究[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(12):154-160.
[2] 杨慧慧.吐哈盆地滴灌葡萄耗水规律及灌溉制度研究[D].新疆石河子:石河子大学,2011.
[3] 王振华,扁青永,李文昊,等.南疆沙区成龄红枣水肥一体化滴灌的水肥适宜用量[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(11):96-104.
[4] 裴青宝,刘伟佳,张建丰,等.多点源滴灌条件下红壤水分溶质运移试验与数值模拟[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(12):255-262.
[5] 胡永翔,李援农,张莹.黄土高原区滴灌枣树作物系数和需水规律试验[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(11):87-91.
[6] 刘洪波,张江辉,白云岗,等.极端干旱区成龄葡萄耗水特征分析[J].节水灌溉,2012(11):5-8.
[7] 纪学伟,成自勇,张芮,等.干旱荒漠绿洲区酿酒葡萄滴灌控水灌溉试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):135-140.
[8] 何建斌,何新林,王振华,等.滴灌哈密大枣耗水规律初步研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2012(9):9-12.
[9] 刘洪波,张江辉,白云岗,等.滴灌条件下库尔勒香梨耗水特征分析[J].新疆农业科学,2014,51(12):2206-2211.
[10] 钱翠,饶碧玉,罗绍芹,等.不同水肥处理对当归种植需水量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(9):5613-5617.
[11] 何建斌,王振华,何新林,等.极端干旱区不同灌水量对滴灌葡萄生长及产量的影响[J].农学学报,2013,3(2):65-69.
[12] 张学优.深层坑渗灌溉施肥制度对成龄葡萄土壤养分和生长特性影响研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2018.
[13] 谢森传,段新杰.503DR中子水分仪的标定[J].核农学通报,1987(6):14-19.
[14] 樊引琴,蔡焕杰.单作物系数法和双作物系数法计算作物需水量的比较研究[J].水利学报,2002,33(3):50-54.
[15] 张国军,王晓玥,孙磊,等.北京典型冲积平原葡萄耗水规律研究[J].华北农学报,2016,31(增刊1):51-56.
[16] 何园球,沈其荣,王兴祥,等.不同水分和施磷量对旱作水稻耗水量和水分利用率的影响[J].土壤学报,2003,40(6):901-907.
[17] 刘晓宏,肖洪浪,赵良菊.不同水肥条件下春小麦耗水量和水分利用率[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(1):56-59.
[18] 赵娜娜,刘钰,蔡甲冰.夏玉米作物系数计算与耗水量研究[J].水利学报,2010,41(8):953-959.
[19] 陈凤,蔡焕杰,王健,等.杨凌地区冬小麦和夏玉米蒸发蒸腾和作物系数的确定[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(5):191-193.
[20] 耿琳,王甫,崔宁博,等.温室苦瓜耗水规律及作物系数研究[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(12):154-160.