钢弹簧浮置板轨道对箱梁振动声辐射的影响研究
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摘要
为探讨钢弹簧浮置板轨道对箱梁振动声辐射的影响,建立列车-轨道耦合振动频域模型,采用有限元法进行箱梁振动分析,并结合声学边界元法进行箱梁声辐射分析。以某城市轨道交通30 m简支箱梁的现场试验数据为依据,对所建模型进行了验证;在此基础上,对比了分别采用普通板式轨道和钢弹簧浮置板时的箱梁振动和噪声,并探讨了钢弹簧浮置板参数的影响规律;结果表明:仿真分析与测试结果吻合良好,箱梁振动声辐射主要集中在频率50～125 Hz;相比普通板式轨道,钢弹簧浮置板轨道可使得箱梁底板的总振级减小35.1 dB、底板附近的总声级减小24 dB;钢弹簧刚度是影响箱梁噪声的首要因素,其次是浮置板厚度,而浮置板长度和扣件刚度的影响很小;钢弹簧刚度每减小一倍,底板附近的总声级可降低5～6 dB;浮置板厚度每增加0.1 m,降噪量提高1～3 dB。研究结果可为箱梁桥上钢弹簧浮置板的参数选取提供依据。
In order to study effects of steel spring floating slab track(SSFST) on vibration and sound radiation of a box-girder, a train-track coupled system model in frequency domain was established. The vibration analysis of a box-girder was performed using the finite element method, and its sound radiation analysis was done with the acoustic boundary element one. The established model was verified based on the field test data of a 30 m simply supported box-girder in an urban rail transit. Then, vibration and sound radiation characteristics of the box-girder adopting ordinary slab track and those using SSFST were compared, and the effect laws of SSFST parameters were explored. The results showed that the simulation results agree well with the test ones, vibration and sound radiation of the box-girder are concentrated within the frequency range of 50-125 Hz; compared with ordinary slab track, SSFST can reduce the overall vibration level of the box-girder bottom plate by 35.1 dB and its overall sound pressure level by 24 dB; steel spring stiffness is the main factor affecting the box-girder-s noise, followed by floating slab thickness, while effects of floating slab length and fastener stiffness are very small; steel spring stiffness is reduced by one time, the overall sound pressure level near the box-girder bottom plate can be reduced by 5-6 dB; floating slab thickness is increased by 0.1 m, noise reduction can be increased by 1-3 dB; the study results can provide a basis for parameter selection of steel spring floating slabs on a box-girder bridge.
In order to study effects of steel spring floating slab track(SSFST) on vibration and sound radiation of a box-girder, a train-track coupled system model in frequency domain was established. The vibration analysis of a box-girder was performed using the finite element method, and its sound radiation analysis was done with the acoustic boundary element one. The established model was verified based on the field test data of a 30 m simply supported box-girder in an urban rail transit. Then, vibration and sound radiation characteristics of the box-girder adopting ordinary slab track and those using SSFST were compared, and the effect laws of SSFST parameters were explored. The results showed that the simulation results agree well with the test ones, vibration and sound radiation of the box-girder are concentrated within the frequency range of 50-125 Hz; compared with ordinary slab track, SSFST can reduce the overall vibration level of the box-girder bottom plate by 35.1 dB and its overall sound pressure level by 24 dB; steel spring stiffness is the main factor affecting the box-girder-s noise, followed by floating slab thickness, while effects of floating slab length and fastener stiffness are very small; steel spring stiffness is reduced by one time, the overall sound pressure level near the box-girder bottom plate can be reduced by 5-6 dB; floating slab thickness is increased by 0.1 m, noise reduction can be increased by 1-3 dB; the study results can provide a basis for parameter selection of steel spring floating slabs on a box-girder bridge.
引文
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[16] ZHANG X,LI Xiaozhen,HAO Hong,et al.A case study of interior low-frequency noise from box-shaped bridge girders induced by running trains:its mechanism,prediction and countermeasures[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2016,367:129-144.
[17] 李增光,吴天行.铁道车辆-轨道-高架桥耦合系统振动功率流分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(11):78-82.LI Zengguang,WU Tianxing.Analysis of vibration power flow for a railway vehicle-track-viaduct coupled system[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(11):78-82.
[18] WU T X,THOMPSON D J.Theoretical investigation of wheel/rail nonlinear interaction due to roughness excitation[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2002,37(3):157-174.
[19] WU T X,THOMPSON D J.Vibration analysis of railway track with multiple wheels on the rail[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2001,239(1):69-91.
[2] 张迅,李小珍,刘全民,等.混凝土箱梁的结构噪声及其影响因素[J].西南交通大学学报,2013,48(3):409-414.ZHANG Xun,LI Xiaozhen,LIU Quanmin,et al.Structure-borne noise of concrete box-girder and its influence factors[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2013,48(3):409-414.
[3] CUI F,CHEW C H.The effectiveness of floating slab track system,part I:receptance methods[J].Applied Acoustics,2000,61:441-453.
[4] HUSSEIN M F M,HUNT H E M.Modelling of floating-slab tracks with continuous slabs under oscillating moving loads[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2006,297(1/2):37-54.
[5] GUPTA S,DEGRANDE G.Modelling of continuous and discontinuous floating slab tracks in a tunnel using a periodic approach[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2010,329(8):1101-1125.
[6] 李增光,吴天行.浮置板轨道动柔度计算方法及隔振性能研究[J].振动工程学报,2007,20(3):207-212.LI Zengguang,WU Tianxing.Study on the vibration isolation performance of floating slab track using dynamic receptance method[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2007,20(3):207-212.
[7] LI Z G,WU T X.Modelling and analysis of force transmission in floating-slab track for railways[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2008,222(1):45-57.
[8] 丁德云,刘维宁,李克飞,等.钢弹簧浮置板轨道参数研究[J].中国铁道科学,2011,32(1):30-35.DING Deyun,LIU Weining,LI Kefei,et al.Parametric study of the steel spring floating slab track[J].China Railway Science,2011,32(1):30-35.
[9] LEI X Y,JIANG C D.Analysis of vibration reduction effect of steel spring floating slab track with finite elements[J].Journal of Vibration and Control,2016,22(6):1462-1471.
[10] SAURENMAN H,PHILLIPS J.In-service tests of the effectiveness of vibration control measures on the BART rail transit system[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2006,293(3/4/5):888-900.
[11] HUI C K,NG C F.The effects of floating slab bending resonances on the vibration[J].Applied Acoustics,2009,70:830-844.
[12] 刘维宁,丁德云,李克飞,等.钢弹簧浮置板轨道低频特征试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2011,44(8):118-125.LIU Weining,DING Deyun,LI Kefei,et al.Experimental study of the low-frequency vibration characteristics of steel spring floating slab track[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2011,44(8):118-125.
[13] 韦红亮,练松良,周宇.高架钢弹簧浮置板轨道减振特性分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(9):1342-1348.WEI Hongliang,LIAN Songliang,ZHOU Yu.Vibration reduction characteristics of steel spring floating slab track in metro viaduct[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2012,40(9):1342-1348.
[14] DAI F,THOMPSON D J,ZHU Y,et al.Vibration properties of slab track installed on a viaduct[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2016,230(1):235-252.
[15] 王党雄,李小珍,张迅,等.轨道结构形式对箱梁中高频振动的影响研究[J].土木工程学报,2017,50(8):68-77.WANG Dangxiong,LI Xiaozhen,ZHANG Xun,et al.Study on the influence of different tracks on the medium-and high-frequency vibration of box-girder[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2017,50(8):68-77.
[16] ZHANG X,LI Xiaozhen,HAO Hong,et al.A case study of interior low-frequency noise from box-shaped bridge girders induced by running trains:its mechanism,prediction and countermeasures[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2016,367:129-144.
[17] 李增光,吴天行.铁道车辆-轨道-高架桥耦合系统振动功率流分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(11):78-82.LI Zengguang,WU Tianxing.Analysis of vibration power flow for a railway vehicle-track-viaduct coupled system[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(11):78-82.
[18] WU T X,THOMPSON D J.Theoretical investigation of wheel/rail nonlinear interaction due to roughness excitation[J].Vehicle System Dynamics,2002,37(3):157-174.
[19] WU T X,THOMPSON D J.Vibration analysis of railway track with multiple wheels on the rail[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2001,239(1):69-91.