耙吸式挖泥船耙头冲水系统喷嘴布局的优化研究
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摘要
基于计算流体动力学基本理论,分析水射流冲击硬质黏土过程中产生的冲击压力,比较不同喷嘴间距及排列方式对靶物冲击效率的影响。选取单排和双排流场模型,用Fluent软件进行数值模拟,进行网格无关性验证,发现模拟结果与已有的试验数据对比的误差为5.53%。研究结果表明:合理减小喷嘴间距能够增强高压冲水系统对泥沙的破碎能力,单排排列方式时,喷嘴间距L不宜大于126mm;间距过小,高压水射流冲击靶面形成的回流会削弱射流的发展,降低高压射流对泥沙的破碎效率;间距过大,则会导致靶面上两高压射流之间有压力较低的区域形成沙脊。双排时,喷嘴采用正三角形排列,可有效消除沙脊,且双排交叉排列对靶距变化具有较强的适应性。
Based on the basic theory of computational fluid dynamics, the impact pressure generated by wet jet on hard sediment is analyzed, and the influence of different nozzle spacing and arrangement on the impact efficiency of the target is compared. Numerical simulation is carried out by using single row and double rows models. Fluent is used to perform numerical simulation and the grid-independent verification is carried out. The error between the simulation results and the existing test data is found to be 5.53%. The results show that the reasonable reduction of the nozzle spacing can enhance the crushing capacity of the high pressure flushing system. In the single row arrangement, the nozzle spacing L should not be higher than 126 mm. If the spacing is too small, the backflow of the high pressure water jet impacting on the target surface will weaken the development of the jet and cause the pressure distribution which will reduce the crushing efficiency of the high pressure jet on the sediment. If the spacing is too large, the two high pressure jets on the target surface will have a low pressure area, and the sand ridge will be formed. In the double rows arrangement, the nozzle is arranged in a equilateral triangle, which can effectively remove sand ridges, and the double rows cross arrangement has strong adaptability to the change of target distance.
Based on the basic theory of computational fluid dynamics, the impact pressure generated by wet jet on hard sediment is analyzed, and the influence of different nozzle spacing and arrangement on the impact efficiency of the target is compared. Numerical simulation is carried out by using single row and double rows models. Fluent is used to perform numerical simulation and the grid-independent verification is carried out. The error between the simulation results and the existing test data is found to be 5.53%. The results show that the reasonable reduction of the nozzle spacing can enhance the crushing capacity of the high pressure flushing system. In the single row arrangement, the nozzle spacing L should not be higher than 126 mm. If the spacing is too small, the backflow of the high pressure water jet impacting on the target surface will weaken the development of the jet and cause the pressure distribution which will reduce the crushing efficiency of the high pressure jet on the sediment. If the spacing is too large, the two high pressure jets on the target surface will have a low pressure area, and the sand ridge will be formed. In the double rows arrangement, the nozzle is arranged in a equilateral triangle, which can effectively remove sand ridges, and the double rows cross arrangement has strong adaptability to the change of target distance.
引文
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[2]沈伟平,孙雪梦,赵学,等.耙头高压冲水改进技术[J].水运工程,2012(3):159-162.
[3]HAMEL M,张熊栋.高压水射流--矿山和采石场的一种新型破岩工具[J].国外金属矿采矿,1983(10):81-82.
[4]王初龙,冯峰,周涛涛,等.吸盘式挖泥船高压冲水系统喷嘴形式研究[J].船海工程,2013,42(3):81-84,102.
[5]林风.自航耙吸挖泥船耙头垂直高压冲水系统的数值模拟[C]//中国水力发电工程学会机械疏浚专业委员会.机械疏浚专业委员会第二十次疏浚与吹填技术经验交流会论文与技术经验总结文集.2007.
[6]尹纪富,洪国军,江帅,等.耙吸挖泥船耙头固定体喷嘴流场特性数值分析[J].中国港湾建设,2016,36(5):9-12,20.
[7]易灿,李根生,胡永堂.淹没条件下锥形喷嘴射流破岩效率实验研究[J].石油钻探技术,2001(1):10-12.
[8]杨国来,陈亮,李秀华,等.锥直形喷嘴内部结构参数对射流流场影响的数值模拟[J].液压与气动,2009(11):6-8.
[9]沈娟.高压水射流喷嘴的设计及其结构优化[D].江苏苏州:苏州大学,2014.
[10]董宗正,付必伟,郭灿,等.基于CFD的高压水射流喷嘴流场仿真分析[J].石油和化工设备,2016,19(7):20-23.
[11]吴勇.二维孔口紊动射流流场特性的实验研究[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005(9):172-173.
[12]杨国来,周文会,刘肥.基于FLUENT的高压水射流喷嘴的流场仿真[J].兰州理工大学学报,2008(2):49-52.
[13]董星涛,李超,朱健,等.基于Fluent低压旋流喷嘴下游流场数值模拟及分析[J].轻工机械,2012,30(5):25-27,32.
[14]张立祥,许夏,魏文鹏.基于Ansys Workbench与Fluent的高压水射流流场分析[J].煤矿机电,2016(4):54-55,58.
[15]WANG X M,ZHOU X M,TAO Z Y,et al.Discussion on the Complete-Form Vorticity Equation and Slantwise Vorticity Development[J].Journal of Meteorological Research,2016,30(1):67-75.
[16]LI R P,NIE S L,YI M L,et al.Simulation Investigation on Fluid Characteristics of Jet Pipe Water Hydraulic Servo Valve Based on CFD[J].Journal of Shanghai University,2011,15(3):201-206.
[17]龙新平,姚鑫,杨雪龙.多孔喷嘴射流泵流动模拟与涡结构分析[J].排灌机械工程学报,2012,30(2):136-140,152.