H型垂直轴风力机气动参数对主轴偏振效应的影响
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摘要
针对1种1.5 MW H型对称翼垂直轴风力机(VAWT),采用双致动盘多流管理论,分析主轴偏振效应的产生机理,提出采用变差系数来衡量主轴合成力的振荡程度,并对不同风力机参数对偏振效应的影响进行分析。研究结果表明:风力机叶片在旋转1周范围内产生的气动力合成到主轴位置上后不能互相抵消,发生振荡且作用方向不定;对于大型垂直轴风力机,风剪效应的存在有利于降低主轴偏振效应;在H型垂直轴风力机气动设计中,当叶片数为3片时,主轴振动幅度最小;当高径比为0.5088时,主轴振动幅度最小;当展弦比为14.2015时,主轴振动幅度最小。
The mechanism of the vibration effect of the main shaft of a 1.5 MW H-type vertical axis wind turbine(VAWT) with the symmetrical wing was analyzed according to the double-multiple stream tubes theory. The variation coefficient was proposed and used to measure the oscillation degree of the synthetic force on the main shaft, and the influence of wind turbine parameters on the vibration effect was analyzed. The results show that the synthetic force on the main shaft, which is produced by the blade in a cycle of operation, is wavy and cannot counteract each other. For huge vertical axis wind turbine, the wind shear effect is beneficial to reducing the vibration effect. For the design of H-type vertical axis wind turbine, when the number of blades is three, the vibration amplitude of the main shaft is the smallest; when the height diameter ratio is 0.508 8, the vibration amplitude of the main shaft is the smallest; the vibration amplitude of the spindle is the smallest when the aspect ratio is 14.201 5.
The mechanism of the vibration effect of the main shaft of a 1.5 MW H-type vertical axis wind turbine(VAWT) with the symmetrical wing was analyzed according to the double-multiple stream tubes theory. The variation coefficient was proposed and used to measure the oscillation degree of the synthetic force on the main shaft, and the influence of wind turbine parameters on the vibration effect was analyzed. The results show that the synthetic force on the main shaft, which is produced by the blade in a cycle of operation, is wavy and cannot counteract each other. For huge vertical axis wind turbine, the wind shear effect is beneficial to reducing the vibration effect. For the design of H-type vertical axis wind turbine, when the number of blades is three, the vibration amplitude of the main shaft is the smallest; when the height diameter ratio is 0.508 8, the vibration amplitude of the main shaft is the smallest; the vibration amplitude of the spindle is the smallest when the aspect ratio is 14.201 5.
引文
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[19]张玉良,杨从新,李仁年,等.风剪切对风力机设计的无关性分析[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,26(2):61-63.ZHANG Yuliang,YANG Congxin,LI Rennian,et al.Unrelated analysis of wind shear to wind turbine design[J].Journal of Xihua University(Natural Science Edition),2007,26(2):61-63.
[20]杨从新,李振朋,史广泰.高径比对垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响[J].新技术新工艺,2013(11):86-88.YANG Congxin,LI Zhenpeng,SHI Guangtai.Influence of height diameter ratio on aerodynamic performance of vertical axis wind turbine[J].New Technology and New Technology,2013(11):86-88.
[2]LEUNG D Y C,YANG Y.Wind energy development and its environmental impact:a review[J].Renewable&Unstainable Energy Reviews,2012,16(1):1031-1039.
[3]郭显义.分析风力和太阳能光伏发电现状及发展趋势[J].中国商界,2012(10):421.GUO Xianyi.Analysis of the status and development trends of wind power and solar photovoltaic power generation[J].Chinese Business Community,2012(10):421.
[4]杨益飞,潘伟,朱熀秋.垂直轴风力发电机技术综述及研究进展[J].中国机械工程,2013,24(5):703-709.YANG Yifei,PAN Wei,ZHU Huangqiu.Review and research progress of vertical axis wind turbine[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2013,24(5):703-709.
[5]何志宁,刘座铭,张宗珍.垂直轴风力发电机的发展历史及现状[J].机械工程师,2014(2):39-40.HE Zhining,LIU Zuoming,ZHANG Zongzhen.The development history and present situation of vertical axis wind turbine[J].Mechanical Engineer,2014(2):39-40.
[6]李志萍.对MW级风机液压变桨距控制技术的研究[J].科技与企业,2015(6):185-186.LI Zhiping.Research on the hydraulic pitch control technology of MW grade fan[J].Science and Technology and Enterprises,2015(6):185-186.
[7]李晔.国外大型风力机技术的新进展[J].应用数学和力学,2013,34(10):1003-1011.LI Ye.New development of large wind turbine technology in foreign countries[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2013,34(10):1003-1011.
[8]史文博.H型垂直轴风电机组主轴系统结构分析方法的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学机械工程学院,2015:7-8.SHI Wenbo.Study on the structure analysis method of the spindle system of the H vertical axis wind turbine[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University.Mechanical Engineering College,2015:7-8.
[9]MATTHEW B T,CHRISTOPHER S M.Bearing selection techniques as applied to main shaft direct and hybrid drives for wind turbines[J].The Timken company Technical Paper,2009:1-10.
[10]SOUICH Y,NOBUYUKI N.Technical trends in wind turbine bearings[J].NTN Technical Review,2008(76):114-120.
[11]韩德海.风力发电机组主轴系统的结构分析研究[D].重庆:重庆大学机械工程学院,2009:5.HAN Dehai.Study on the structure analysis of the main shaft system of the wind turbine[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University.Mechanical Engineering College,2009:5.
[12]霍玉玲.有限元分析计算在矿井提升机上的应用[J].矿山机械,2003(5):34-35.HUO Yuling.Application of finite element analysis and calculation on mine hoist[J].Mining Machinery,2003(5):34-35.
[13]张婷婷.大型垂直轴风机的优化、动力特性及疲劳研究[D].上海:上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程学院,2009:12.ZHANG Tingting.Study on the optimization,dynamic characteristics and fatigue of a large vertical shaft fan[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University.Marine and Architectural Engineering College,2009:12.
[14]张婷婷,王红霞,代泽兵.垂直轴风力机结构振动特性研究[J].华东电力,2009,37(3):452-455.ZHANG Tingting,WANG Hongxia,DAI Zebing.Study on structural vibration characteristics of vertical axis wind turbine[J].East China Electric Power,2009,37(3):452-455.
[15]PARASCHIVOIU I.垂直轴风力机原理与设计[M].李春,叶舟,高伟,译.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2013:124-140.PARASCHIVOIU I.Principle and design of vertical axis wind turbine[M].LI Chun,YE Zhou,GAO Wei,trans.Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,2013:124-140.
[16]赵振宙,陈潘浩,陈景茹,等.基于双盘面多流管模型的升力型风轮气动性能改善分析[J].太阳能学报,2017,38(9):2527-2534.ZHAO Zhenzhou,CHEN Panhao,Chen Jingru,et al.Research on aerodynamic characteristic of lift type wind turbine based on two-disk multy stream model[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2017,38(9):2527-2534.
[17]尹伟.大功率直叶片垂直轴风力机气动特性及风轮构型研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学机电工程学院,2015:17.YIN Wei.Aerodynamic characteristics and wind turbine configuration of a high power vertical blade vertical axis wind turbine[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology.Mechanical Engineering College,2015:17.
[18]张国铭.论制造兆瓦级垂直轴风力发电机的合理性[J].风力发电,2001(4):55-61.ZHANG Guoming.On the rationality of producing megawatt vertical axis wind turbines[J].Wind Power Generation,2001(4):55-61.
[19]张玉良,杨从新,李仁年,等.风剪切对风力机设计的无关性分析[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,26(2):61-63.ZHANG Yuliang,YANG Congxin,LI Rennian,et al.Unrelated analysis of wind shear to wind turbine design[J].Journal of Xihua University(Natural Science Edition),2007,26(2):61-63.
[20]杨从新,李振朋,史广泰.高径比对垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响[J].新技术新工艺,2013(11):86-88.YANG Congxin,LI Zhenpeng,SHI Guangtai.Influence of height diameter ratio on aerodynamic performance of vertical axis wind turbine[J].New Technology and New Technology,2013(11):86-88.