载人航天器密封舱内一氧化碳安全控制
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摘要
载人航天器密封舱内由于火工品点火工作、非金属材料使用等原因将导致舱内一氧化碳的浓度升高,对航天员的生命安全带来较大威胁。文章分析了载人航天器密封舱内一氧化碳的产生来源,提出了非金属材料控制、火工品泄漏控制、净化通风等控制措施,并通过试验验证了措施的有效性,可供后续载人航天器舱内环境控制借鉴和参考。
In a sealed cabin of the manned spacecraft, the nonmetallic materials in the pyrotechnic ignition process may lead to a rise of the carbon monoxide density inside the chamber, as a hazardous situation for the crew. Based on the analysis of the origin of the carbon monoxide, many countermeasures are proposed, such as the control of the nonmetallic materials, the limiting of the leakage rate, and the adequate ventilation and purification. The above measures are tested for their effectiveness, and they may be used for the subsequent engineering design.
In a sealed cabin of the manned spacecraft, the nonmetallic materials in the pyrotechnic ignition process may lead to a rise of the carbon monoxide density inside the chamber, as a hazardous situation for the crew. Based on the analysis of the origin of the carbon monoxide, many countermeasures are proposed, such as the control of the nonmetallic materials, the limiting of the leakage rate, and the adequate ventilation and purification. The above measures are tested for their effectiveness, and they may be used for the subsequent engineering design.
引文
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[12]于晓曼,刘文清,黄书华,等.基于非分散原理的烟气检测系统[J].计算机测量与控制,2011,19(12):2905-2907YU X M,LIU W Q,HUANG S H,et al.Flue gas detection system based on NDIR principle[J].Computer Measurement and Control,2011,19(12):2905-2907
[13]李国林,董明,宋楠,等.基于中红外光谱吸收技术的一氧化碳气体检测系统[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(10):2839LI G L,DONG M,SONG N,et al.Carbon monoxide gas detection system based on mid-infrared spectral absorption technique[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2014,34(10):2839
[14]孙永进,王宇,赵吉明,等.载人航天器有害气体检测系统设计[J].计算机测量与控制,2013,21(4):980SUN Y J,WANG Y,ZHAO J M,et al.Design of toxic gas detection system for manned spacecraft[J].Computer Measurement and Control,2013,21(4):980
[2]祁章年,杨天德,顾鼎良,等.航天环境医学基础[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001:166
[3]张宗美,翟彬,张国瑞,等.航天故障手册[M].北京:宇航出版社,1994:278
[4]载人航天器中航天员的居住环境医学:工程要求:ГОСТР50804[S],1995
[5]美国国家航空航天局约翰逊航天中心.航天器舱内空气污染物最高容许浓度:JSC 20584[S],1999
[6]航天器舱内微量污染物最高容许浓度:ECSS-Q-70-29A[S],1999
[7]俞进,于潇,魏传锋.载人航天器密封舱内非金属材料控制[J].航天器环境工程,2011,28(6):601YU J,YU X,WEI C F.Selection and control of nonmetallic materials used in the sealed cabin of manned spacecraft[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2011,28(6):601
[8]Flammability,odor,off gassing,and compatibility requirements and test procedures for materials in environments that support combustion:NASA-STD-6001[S],1998
[9]董文平,邓一兵,傅岚,等.飞船环控生保系统主要故障模型分析及飞控对策[J].宇航学报,2004,25(4):373DONG W P,DENG Y B,FU L,et al.The primarymalfunction model analysis and aviation countermeasure for the environmental control and life support system of manned-spacecraft[J].Journal of Astronautics,2004,25(4):373
[10]祁玉峰,马锐明,刘志全,等.一种多功能火工装置的设计与试验[C]//中国宇航学会飞行器总体专业委员会2004年学术研讨会.三亚,2005:711-714
[11]ZHENG Y J,LI P,QIN R F,et a1.Study of absorption spectroscopy property of sulfur dioxide[J].Piezoelectrics and Acoustooptics,2010,32(2):318-320
[12]于晓曼,刘文清,黄书华,等.基于非分散原理的烟气检测系统[J].计算机测量与控制,2011,19(12):2905-2907YU X M,LIU W Q,HUANG S H,et al.Flue gas detection system based on NDIR principle[J].Computer Measurement and Control,2011,19(12):2905-2907
[13]李国林,董明,宋楠,等.基于中红外光谱吸收技术的一氧化碳气体检测系统[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(10):2839LI G L,DONG M,SONG N,et al.Carbon monoxide gas detection system based on mid-infrared spectral absorption technique[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2014,34(10):2839
[14]孙永进,王宇,赵吉明,等.载人航天器有害气体检测系统设计[J].计算机测量与控制,2013,21(4):980SUN Y J,WANG Y,ZHAO J M,et al.Design of toxic gas detection system for manned spacecraft[J].Computer Measurement and Control,2013,21(4):980