变频交流发电系统双定子绕组异步发电机低载波比控制
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摘要
随着多电全电飞机的发展,变频交流(VFAC)电源发电系统已广泛应用于大型民用飞机之中。VFAC系统的主发电机具有功率大、基波频率高的特点,而大功率器件的开关频率通常不高于5kHz,因此,如何在有限载波比下保证输出电压波形质量及动态性能成为了研究的重点。基于双定子绕组异步电机(DWIG)VFAC发电系统,利用特定次谐波消除脉宽调制法(SHEPWM),针对不同的基波频率段选择不同的载波比,在保证波形质量的同时做到开关频率最低。针对SHEPWM无法实时控制的问题,采用磁链追踪控制(FTTC)对SHEPWM调制进行了改进,保证了系统动态性能,仿真和实验验证了方法的正确和有效性。低载波比控制方法不仅可以应用于变频交流发电系统,而且同样适用于中频变换器等场合。
With the development of more electric/all electric aircraft,Variable Frequency AC Generation SYSTEM(VFAC SYSTEM)has been widely used in large civil aircraft.In this paper,the VFAC generator system based on the Dual-Stator Winding Induction Generator(DWIG)is discussed,which has the feature of high power output per single generator and high fundamental frequency.Generally,the switching frequency of the high power device does not exceed 5 kHz,so how to ensure the quality of the system output voltage and the dynamic performance with limited carrier ratio becomes the focus of the study.In this paper,the Specific Harmonic Elimination Pulse-Width Modulation(SHEPWM)is adopted and the carrier ratio changes with different fundamental frequency range,thus the system's switching loss is limited while the output voltage's quality remains good.As SHEPWM does not have the function of real-time control,Flux Trajectory Tracing Control(FTTC)is adopted to improve slip-frequency control.Simulation and experiment prove the correctness and effectiveness of the method proposed,which can be also used for medium frequency inverter.
With the development of more electric/all electric aircraft,Variable Frequency AC Generation SYSTEM(VFAC SYSTEM)has been widely used in large civil aircraft.In this paper,the VFAC generator system based on the Dual-Stator Winding Induction Generator(DWIG)is discussed,which has the feature of high power output per single generator and high fundamental frequency.Generally,the switching frequency of the high power device does not exceed 5 kHz,so how to ensure the quality of the system output voltage and the dynamic performance with limited carrier ratio becomes the focus of the study.In this paper,the Specific Harmonic Elimination Pulse-Width Modulation(SHEPWM)is adopted and the carrier ratio changes with different fundamental frequency range,thus the system's switching loss is limited while the output voltage's quality remains good.As SHEPWM does not have the function of real-time control,Flux Trajectory Tracing Control(FTTC)is adopted to improve slip-frequency control.Simulation and experiment prove the correctness and effectiveness of the method proposed,which can be also used for medium frequency inverter.
引文
[1]程国华.大型民用飞机电源系统的现状与发展[J].民用飞机设计与研究,2008,4(1):1-5.CHENG G H.The current situation and development of large civil aircraft power system[J].Civil Aircraft Design and Research,2008,4(1):1-5(in Chinese).
[2]ABANSAL R,BHATTI T,KOTHARI D.Bibliography on the application of induction generators in nonconventional energy systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2003,18(3):433-439.
[3]ELBULUK M,KANKAN M.Potential starter/generator technologies for future aerospace applications[J].IEEE Aerospace&Electronic Systems Magazine,1997,12(5):24-31.
[4]MA W M,WANG D,ZHANG B.A high speed induction generator based on power integration techniques[C]∥Industry Applications Conference,2005:2272-2279.
[5]OJO O,DAVIDSON I.PWM-VSI inverter-assisted standalone dual stator winding induction generator[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2000,36(6):1604-1611.
[6]BU F F,HU Y W,HUANG W X,et al.Wide-speedrange-operation dual stator-winding induction generator DC generating system for wind power applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(2):561-573.
[7]BU F F,HUANG W X,HU Y W.A stand-alone dual stator-winding induction generator variable frequency AC power system[J].IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics,2012,27(1):10-13.
[8]刘陵顺,胡育文,黄文新.变速运行的双绕组感应发电机电磁优化设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(3):125-130.LIU L S,HU Y W,HUANG W X.Optimal design of dual stator-winding induction generator Operating with variable speed[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(3):125-130(in Chinese).
[9]LI Y,HU Y W,HUANG W X.The capacity optimization for the static excitation controller of the dual-statorwinding induction generator operating in a wide speed range[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(2):530-541.
[10]BU F F,HU Y W,HUANG W X.Parameters design and static performance of dual stator-winding induction generator variable frequency AC generating system with inductive and capacitive loads[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(8):3902-3914.
[11]庄圣伦,黄文新.定子双绕组异步发电机航空变频交流发电系统不对称运行性能分析[J].航空学报,2014,35(12):3416-3424.ZHUANG S L,HUANG W X.Asymmetric operation performance for variable frequency AC generation system based on dual stator-winding induction generator[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2014,35(12):3416-3424(in Chinese).
[12]史经奎,卜飞飞.基于定子双绕组异步发电机的交直流混合发电系统[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(2):38-46.SHI J K,BU F F.AC&DC hybrid power supply system based on dual stator-winding induction generator[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(2):38-46(in Chinese).
[13]伍小杰,袁庆庆.基于复矢量调节器的低开关频率同步电机控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(2):124-129.WU X J,YUAN Q Q.A novel complex state current controller for synchronous motor at very low switching frequency[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(2):124-129(in Chinese).
[14]马小亮.概述低开关频率PWM变频的问题及解决办法[J].电气传动,2009,39(5):3-9.MA X L.Problems and solutions of low frequency PWM inverters-an overview[J].Electric Drive,2009,39(5):3-9(in Chinese).
[15]OIKONMOU N.Control of medium-voltage drives at very low switching frequency[M].Wupperta:Logos Verlag,2008:3-8.
[16]王琛琛.大功率交流电力机车脉宽调制方法[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(2):173-178.WANG C C.Research on the PWM method of high power AC electrical locomotive[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(2):173-178(in Chinese).
[17]OIKONOMOU N.Closed-loop control of medium-voltage drives operated with synchronous optimal pulsewidth modulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,44(1):115-123.
[18]JOACHIM H.Fast dynamic control of medium voltage drives operating at very low switching frequency-an Overview[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,44(3):1005-1013.
[19]JOACHIM H.Estimation of the fundamental current in low switching frequency high-dynamic medium voltage drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,44(5):1597-1605.
[20]JOACHIM H.Synchronous optimal pulsewidth modulation and stator flux trajectory control for medium-voltage drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications,2007,43(2):600-608.
[21]符晓.电励磁同步电机低开关频率控制技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2011.FU X.Control of electrical excited synchronous machine at low switching frequency[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2011(in Chinese).
[22]袁庆庆.双三电平PWM变频器低开关频率关键技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014.YUAN Q Q.Study on the back to back three-level PWM converter with a low switching frequency[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2014(in Chinese).
[2]ABANSAL R,BHATTI T,KOTHARI D.Bibliography on the application of induction generators in nonconventional energy systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2003,18(3):433-439.
[3]ELBULUK M,KANKAN M.Potential starter/generator technologies for future aerospace applications[J].IEEE Aerospace&Electronic Systems Magazine,1997,12(5):24-31.
[4]MA W M,WANG D,ZHANG B.A high speed induction generator based on power integration techniques[C]∥Industry Applications Conference,2005:2272-2279.
[5]OJO O,DAVIDSON I.PWM-VSI inverter-assisted standalone dual stator winding induction generator[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2000,36(6):1604-1611.
[6]BU F F,HU Y W,HUANG W X,et al.Wide-speedrange-operation dual stator-winding induction generator DC generating system for wind power applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(2):561-573.
[7]BU F F,HUANG W X,HU Y W.A stand-alone dual stator-winding induction generator variable frequency AC power system[J].IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics,2012,27(1):10-13.
[8]刘陵顺,胡育文,黄文新.变速运行的双绕组感应发电机电磁优化设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(3):125-130.LIU L S,HU Y W,HUANG W X.Optimal design of dual stator-winding induction generator Operating with variable speed[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(3):125-130(in Chinese).
[9]LI Y,HU Y W,HUANG W X.The capacity optimization for the static excitation controller of the dual-statorwinding induction generator operating in a wide speed range[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(2):530-541.
[10]BU F F,HU Y W,HUANG W X.Parameters design and static performance of dual stator-winding induction generator variable frequency AC generating system with inductive and capacitive loads[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(8):3902-3914.
[11]庄圣伦,黄文新.定子双绕组异步发电机航空变频交流发电系统不对称运行性能分析[J].航空学报,2014,35(12):3416-3424.ZHUANG S L,HUANG W X.Asymmetric operation performance for variable frequency AC generation system based on dual stator-winding induction generator[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2014,35(12):3416-3424(in Chinese).
[12]史经奎,卜飞飞.基于定子双绕组异步发电机的交直流混合发电系统[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(2):38-46.SHI J K,BU F F.AC&DC hybrid power supply system based on dual stator-winding induction generator[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(2):38-46(in Chinese).
[13]伍小杰,袁庆庆.基于复矢量调节器的低开关频率同步电机控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(2):124-129.WU X J,YUAN Q Q.A novel complex state current controller for synchronous motor at very low switching frequency[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(2):124-129(in Chinese).
[14]马小亮.概述低开关频率PWM变频的问题及解决办法[J].电气传动,2009,39(5):3-9.MA X L.Problems and solutions of low frequency PWM inverters-an overview[J].Electric Drive,2009,39(5):3-9(in Chinese).
[15]OIKONMOU N.Control of medium-voltage drives at very low switching frequency[M].Wupperta:Logos Verlag,2008:3-8.
[16]王琛琛.大功率交流电力机车脉宽调制方法[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(2):173-178.WANG C C.Research on the PWM method of high power AC electrical locomotive[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(2):173-178(in Chinese).
[17]OIKONOMOU N.Closed-loop control of medium-voltage drives operated with synchronous optimal pulsewidth modulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,44(1):115-123.
[18]JOACHIM H.Fast dynamic control of medium voltage drives operating at very low switching frequency-an Overview[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,44(3):1005-1013.
[19]JOACHIM H.Estimation of the fundamental current in low switching frequency high-dynamic medium voltage drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,44(5):1597-1605.
[20]JOACHIM H.Synchronous optimal pulsewidth modulation and stator flux trajectory control for medium-voltage drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications,2007,43(2):600-608.
[21]符晓.电励磁同步电机低开关频率控制技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2011.FU X.Control of electrical excited synchronous machine at low switching frequency[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2011(in Chinese).
[22]袁庆庆.双三电平PWM变频器低开关频率关键技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014.YUAN Q Q.Study on the back to back three-level PWM converter with a low switching frequency[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2014(in Chinese).