低载波比下三电平NPC逆变器同步SVPWM算法
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摘要
如何在低载波比(f_(sw)/f)下保证输出较低的谐波含量,是设计脉宽调制算法时要解决的关键问题。以二极管箝位型(NPC)三电平逆变器为研究对象,基于输出电压波形同时满足同步、三相对称(TPS)、半波对称(HWS)的脉冲发生规律,采用一种新的开关序列设计方法,以1/4周期对称(QWS)作为不必要条件,设计两种参考矢量分布模式下的矢量序列,并以输出线电压加权总谐波畸变(WTHD)作为性能评价指标,对比分析不同矢量序列的谐波性能,分别通过仿真和半实物实验验证各调制算法的可行性。研究表明:新的开关序列设计方法在选择矢量序列时自由度更大,可得到许多新的开关序列,不同的开关序列在不同的调制区段局部较优,且不考虑QWS约束的开关序列在部分调制区段具有更优的谐波性能。
The way to ensure low harmonic content in the output voltage is the key issue to solve when designing pulses width modulation algorithms under low carrier ratio. Taking a three level neutral point clamped voltage source inverter as the research object,a new switching sequences design method was adopted based on the pulse generation law of the output voltage waveforms satisfied synchronous,threephase symmetry( TPS) and half-wave symmetry( HWS) simultaneously,and the quarter-cycle symmetry( QWS) was used as an unnecessary condition. Some switching sequences were designed under two different reference vector distribution mode respectively,and the inverter line voltage harmonic performance of different switching sequences were comparatively analyzed. Simulation and experimental results verify the validity of the proposed PWM. The research results show that the new switching sequences design method has more freedom when selecting vector sequences,many new switch sequences can be obtained,and different switching sequences are locally optimized in different modulation regions. Moreover,switching sequences without regard to QWS constraints possess better harmonic performance in the part of the modulation regions.
The way to ensure low harmonic content in the output voltage is the key issue to solve when designing pulses width modulation algorithms under low carrier ratio. Taking a three level neutral point clamped voltage source inverter as the research object,a new switching sequences design method was adopted based on the pulse generation law of the output voltage waveforms satisfied synchronous,threephase symmetry( TPS) and half-wave symmetry( HWS) simultaneously,and the quarter-cycle symmetry( QWS) was used as an unnecessary condition. Some switching sequences were designed under two different reference vector distribution mode respectively,and the inverter line voltage harmonic performance of different switching sequences were comparatively analyzed. Simulation and experimental results verify the validity of the proposed PWM. The research results show that the new switching sequences design method has more freedom when selecting vector sequences,many new switch sequences can be obtained,and different switching sequences are locally optimized in different modulation regions. Moreover,switching sequences without regard to QWS constraints possess better harmonic performance in the part of the modulation regions.
引文
[1]Bin Wu.大功率变频器及交流传动[M].卫三民,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2011,116-130.
[2]Abu-Rub H,Holtz J,Rodriguez J,et al.Medium voltage multilevel converters-start of the art,challenges and requirements in industrial applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(8):2581.
[3]葛兴来,冯晓云.动车组牵引传动三电平逆变器SVPWM控制[J].西南交通大学学报,2008,43(5):567.GE Xinglai,FENG Xiaoyun.SVPWM control of three-level inverter for traction drive in EMUs[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2008,43(5):567.
[4]HOLTZ J,XIN Qi.Optimal control of medium-voltage drives-an overview[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2013,60(12):5472.
[5]PATEL H S,HOFT R G.Generalized techniques of harmonic elimination and voltage control in thyristor inverters:part I-harmonic elimination[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1973,IA-9(3):310.
[6]费万民,吕征宇,姚文熙.三电平逆变器特定谐波消除脉宽调制方法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(9):11.FEI Wanmin,LV Zhengyu,YAO Wenxi.Research on selected harmonic elimination PWM technique applicable to three-level voltage inverters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(9):11.
[7]何亚屏,文宇良,许峻峰,等.基于多模式SVPWM算法的永磁同步牵引电机弱磁控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(3):92.HE Yaping,WEN Yuliang,XU Junfeng,et al.High-power permanent maget flux-weakening strategy based on multi-mode SVPWM[J].Transactions of China Electro-technical Society,2012,27(3):92.
[8]SEO J H,CHOI C H,HYUN D S.A new simplified space-vector PWM method for three level inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2001,16(4):545.
[9]BEIG A R,NARAYANAN G,RANGANATHAN V T.Modified SVPWM algorithm for three level VSI with synchronized and symmetrical waveforms[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2007,54(1):486.
[10]BEIG A R.Synchronized SVPWM algorithm for the overmodulation region of a low switching frequency medium-voltage three-level VSI[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(12):4545.
[11]王堃,游小杰,王琛琛,等.低开关频率下SVPWM同步调制策略比较研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(16):4175.WANG Kun,YOU Xiaojie,WANG Chenchen,et al.Research on synchronized SVPWM strategies under low switching frequency[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(16):4175.
[12]王堃,游小杰,王琛琛,等.低开关频率下SHEPWM和SVPWM同步调制策略比较研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(14):334.WANG Kun,YOU Xiaojie,WANG Chenchen,et al.Research on the comparison of synchronized modulation of SHEPWM and SVPWM under low switching frequency[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(14):334.
[13]RATHORE A K,HOLTZ J,BOLLER T.Generalized optimal pulse-width modulation of multilevel inverters for low-switchingfrequency control of medium-voltage high-power industrial AC drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(10):4215.
[14]BEIG A R,KANUKOLLU S,HOSANI K A,et al.Space-vector-based synchronized three-level discontinue-ous PWM for medium-voltage high-power VSI[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(8):3891.
[15]张永昌,赵争鸣,张颖超,等.三电平变频调速系统SVPWM和SHEPWM混合调制方法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(16):72.ZHANG Yongchang,ZHAO Zhengming,ZHANG Yingchao,et al.Study on a hybrid method of SVPWM and SHEPWM applied to three-level adjustable speed drive system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(16):72.
[16]NARAYANAN G,KRISHNAMURTHY H,ZHAO Di,et al.Advanced bus-clamping PWM techniques based on space vector approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2006,21(4):974.
[17]NARAYANAN G,ZHAO Di,KRISHNAMURTHY H,et al.Space vector based hybrid PWM techniques for reduced current ripple[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,55(4):1614.
[18]HOLMES D G,THOMAS A L.Pulse width modulation for power converters:Principles and practice[M].New York:Wiley-IEEE Press,2003.
[19]WELLS J R,NEE B M,CHAPMAN P L,et al.Selective harmonic control:a general problem formulation and selected solutions[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2006,20(6):1337.
[20]王顺亮,宋文胜,冯晓云.一种单相级联H桥整流器电压快速平衡方法[J].电机与控制学报,2016,20(5):37.WANG Shunliang,SONG Wensheng,FENG Xiaoyun.One fast voltage-balancing method of single phase cascaded H-bridge rectifiers[J].Electric Machines and Control,2016,20(5):37.
[2]Abu-Rub H,Holtz J,Rodriguez J,et al.Medium voltage multilevel converters-start of the art,challenges and requirements in industrial applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(8):2581.
[3]葛兴来,冯晓云.动车组牵引传动三电平逆变器SVPWM控制[J].西南交通大学学报,2008,43(5):567.GE Xinglai,FENG Xiaoyun.SVPWM control of three-level inverter for traction drive in EMUs[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2008,43(5):567.
[4]HOLTZ J,XIN Qi.Optimal control of medium-voltage drives-an overview[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2013,60(12):5472.
[5]PATEL H S,HOFT R G.Generalized techniques of harmonic elimination and voltage control in thyristor inverters:part I-harmonic elimination[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1973,IA-9(3):310.
[6]费万民,吕征宇,姚文熙.三电平逆变器特定谐波消除脉宽调制方法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(9):11.FEI Wanmin,LV Zhengyu,YAO Wenxi.Research on selected harmonic elimination PWM technique applicable to three-level voltage inverters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(9):11.
[7]何亚屏,文宇良,许峻峰,等.基于多模式SVPWM算法的永磁同步牵引电机弱磁控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(3):92.HE Yaping,WEN Yuliang,XU Junfeng,et al.High-power permanent maget flux-weakening strategy based on multi-mode SVPWM[J].Transactions of China Electro-technical Society,2012,27(3):92.
[8]SEO J H,CHOI C H,HYUN D S.A new simplified space-vector PWM method for three level inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2001,16(4):545.
[9]BEIG A R,NARAYANAN G,RANGANATHAN V T.Modified SVPWM algorithm for three level VSI with synchronized and symmetrical waveforms[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2007,54(1):486.
[10]BEIG A R.Synchronized SVPWM algorithm for the overmodulation region of a low switching frequency medium-voltage three-level VSI[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(12):4545.
[11]王堃,游小杰,王琛琛,等.低开关频率下SVPWM同步调制策略比较研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(16):4175.WANG Kun,YOU Xiaojie,WANG Chenchen,et al.Research on synchronized SVPWM strategies under low switching frequency[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(16):4175.
[12]王堃,游小杰,王琛琛,等.低开关频率下SHEPWM和SVPWM同步调制策略比较研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(14):334.WANG Kun,YOU Xiaojie,WANG Chenchen,et al.Research on the comparison of synchronized modulation of SHEPWM and SVPWM under low switching frequency[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(14):334.
[13]RATHORE A K,HOLTZ J,BOLLER T.Generalized optimal pulse-width modulation of multilevel inverters for low-switchingfrequency control of medium-voltage high-power industrial AC drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(10):4215.
[14]BEIG A R,KANUKOLLU S,HOSANI K A,et al.Space-vector-based synchronized three-level discontinue-ous PWM for medium-voltage high-power VSI[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(8):3891.
[15]张永昌,赵争鸣,张颖超,等.三电平变频调速系统SVPWM和SHEPWM混合调制方法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(16):72.ZHANG Yongchang,ZHAO Zhengming,ZHANG Yingchao,et al.Study on a hybrid method of SVPWM and SHEPWM applied to three-level adjustable speed drive system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(16):72.
[16]NARAYANAN G,KRISHNAMURTHY H,ZHAO Di,et al.Advanced bus-clamping PWM techniques based on space vector approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2006,21(4):974.
[17]NARAYANAN G,ZHAO Di,KRISHNAMURTHY H,et al.Space vector based hybrid PWM techniques for reduced current ripple[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,55(4):1614.
[18]HOLMES D G,THOMAS A L.Pulse width modulation for power converters:Principles and practice[M].New York:Wiley-IEEE Press,2003.
[19]WELLS J R,NEE B M,CHAPMAN P L,et al.Selective harmonic control:a general problem formulation and selected solutions[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2006,20(6):1337.
[20]王顺亮,宋文胜,冯晓云.一种单相级联H桥整流器电压快速平衡方法[J].电机与控制学报,2016,20(5):37.WANG Shunliang,SONG Wensheng,FENG Xiaoyun.One fast voltage-balancing method of single phase cascaded H-bridge rectifiers[J].Electric Machines and Control,2016,20(5):37.