CO_2辅助蒸汽驱对四种钢的腐蚀性能影响模拟
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摘要
CO_2辅助蒸汽驱是稠油开采的新型方式,但有关CO_2辅助蒸汽驱注气井中井下管柱CO_2腐蚀行为的研究较少。为此,利用高温高压釜模拟CO_2辅助蒸汽驱注气井筒工况,在CO_2分压为2MPa,240℃的条件下,对4种常用的油套管钢进行了失重腐蚀挂片试验,得到了模拟工况下油套管钢的腐蚀速率,利用SEM观察了4种材质的微观腐蚀形貌,并采用SEM和EDS对4种管材的腐蚀产物进行了表征。结果表明,在实验条件下,4种材质的均匀腐蚀速率均小于油田的腐蚀控制指标(0.076 mm/a);N80钢的腐蚀形态为均匀腐蚀,而3Cr、9Cr和13Cr钢的腐蚀形态为局部腐蚀;4种钢材的腐蚀速率均满足CO_2辅助蒸汽驱注气井筒腐蚀控制要求。
CO_2-assisted steam flooding is a novel method for heavy oil production. However, studies on CO_2 corrosion of downhole pipe in a high-temperature steam environment are relatively scarce. Therefore, in this study, the CO_2 corrosion behavior of oilfield pipe casing steel in a high-temperature steam environment was investigated using four types of oilfield pipe casing steel. A high-temperature, high-pressure autoclave was used to simulate the operating conditions during CO_2-assisted wellbore steam flooding. With a CO_2 partial pressure of 2 MPa and an operating temperature of 240 ℃, a weight loss coupon corrosion test was performed on four types of oilfield pipe casing steel, and the corrosion rates of the pipeline materials under the simulated operating conditions were obtained. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry, and x-ray diffraction were used to determine the morphology and composition of the corrosion products. The results show that under the experimental conditions, the uniform corrosion rates of the four types of materials were lower than the allowable corrosion rate for oil fields(0.076 mm/a). The corrosion morphology of N80 steel was uniform corrosion, while that of 3Cr,9Cr,and13CR steel were localized corrosion. The corrosion rates of all four steel materials met the corrosion control requirements for CO_2-assisted wellbore steam flooding.
CO_2-assisted steam flooding is a novel method for heavy oil production. However, studies on CO_2 corrosion of downhole pipe in a high-temperature steam environment are relatively scarce. Therefore, in this study, the CO_2 corrosion behavior of oilfield pipe casing steel in a high-temperature steam environment was investigated using four types of oilfield pipe casing steel. A high-temperature, high-pressure autoclave was used to simulate the operating conditions during CO_2-assisted wellbore steam flooding. With a CO_2 partial pressure of 2 MPa and an operating temperature of 240 ℃, a weight loss coupon corrosion test was performed on four types of oilfield pipe casing steel, and the corrosion rates of the pipeline materials under the simulated operating conditions were obtained. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry, and x-ray diffraction were used to determine the morphology and composition of the corrosion products. The results show that under the experimental conditions, the uniform corrosion rates of the four types of materials were lower than the allowable corrosion rate for oil fields(0.076 mm/a). The corrosion morphology of N80 steel was uniform corrosion, while that of 3Cr,9Cr,and13CR steel were localized corrosion. The corrosion rates of all four steel materials met the corrosion control requirements for CO_2-assisted wellbore steam flooding.
引文
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[2]庞占喜,祁成祥,景峰.稠油油藏注蒸汽储层热伤害规律实验研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(6):93-98.doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2013.09.03.01PANG Zhanxi,QI Chengxiang,JING Feng.Laboratory study on thermal damage of formation properties during steam injection in heavy oil reservoirs[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2015,37(6):93-98.doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2013.09.03.01
[3]SUN Chong,SUN Jianbo,WANG Yong,et al.Synergistic effect of O_2,H_2S and SO_2 impurities on the corrosion behavior of X65 steel in water-saturated supercritical CO_2system[J].Corrosion Science,2016,107:193-203.doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2016.02.032
[4]曾德智,李坛,雷正义,等.橡胶O型圈耐CO_2腐蚀测试及适用性评价[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2014,36(2):145-151.doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.-2013.09.11.05ZENG Dezhi,LI Tan,LEI Zhengyi,et al.CO_2 corrosion resistance test and applicability evaluation of rubber O-ring[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2014,36(2):145-151.doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2013.09.11.05
[5]秦朝葵,李军,严铭卿,等.腐蚀作用下城市埋地燃气管道的失效概率分析[J].天然气工业,2015,35(5):85-89.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2015.05.013QIN Chaokui,LI Jun,YAN Mingqing,et al.Analysis of failure probability of urban underground gas pipelines under corrosion effect[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(5):85-89.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2015.05.013
[6]范舟,王子瑜,刘建仪,等.气田产出水介质中特殊黄铜合金对N80钢腐蚀性的影响[J].天然气工业,2017,37(6):86-92.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2017.06.012FAN Zhou,WANG Ziyu,LIU Jianyi,et al.Corrosion inhibition effect of special brass alloy on N80 steel pipes in gas-field produced water[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(6):86-92.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2017.06.012
[7]高立新,谷坛,闫静,等.高酸性条件下元素硫对碳钢腐蚀的影响[J].天然气工业,2015,35(4):94-98.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2015.04.015GAO Lixin,GU Tan,YAN Jing,et al.Corrosion of sulfur to carbon steel under the condition of high acidity[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(4):94-98.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2015.04.015
[8]WU Qianlin,ZHANG Zhonghua,DONG Xiaoming,et al.Corrosion behavior of low-alloy steel containing 1%chromium in CO_2 environments[J].Corrosion Science,2013,75:400-408.doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2013.06.024
[9]陈太辉,许立宁,常炜,等.Cr含量和温度对低Cr管线钢抗CO_2腐蚀的影响[J].天然气工业,2011,31(9):93-97.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2011.09.019CHEN Taihui,XU Lining,CHANG Wei,et al.Influence of Cr contents and temperatures on the CO_2 corrosion resistance of low Cr bearing linepipe steel[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(9):93-97.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2011.09.019
[10]陈尧,白真权.13Cr和N80钢高温高压抗腐蚀性能比较[J].石油与天然气化工,2007,36(3):239-242.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3426.2007.03.016CHEN Yao,BAI Zhenquan.Compare of CO_2 corrosion resistance of 13Cr and N80 steel under high temperature and high pressure[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil and Gas,2007,36(3):239-242.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3426.2007.03.016
[11]XU Lining,WANG Bei,ZHU Jinyang,et al.Effect of Cr content on the corrosion performance of low-Cr alloy steel in a CO_2 environment[J].Applied Surface Science,2016,379:39-46.doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.04.049
[12]UEDA M,IKEDA A.Corrosion 1996[C].Houston:The51st NACE Annual Conference,1996.
[13]GUO Shaoqiang,XU Lining,ZHANG Lei,et al.Characterization of corrosion scale formed on 3Cr steel in CO_2-saturated formation water[J].Corrosion Science,2016,110:123-133.doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2016.04.033
[14]GAO Kewei,YU Fang,PANG Xiaolu,et al.Mechanical properties of CO2,corrosion product scales and their relationship to corrosion rates[J].Corrosion Science,2008,50(10):2796-2803.doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2008.07.016
[15]陈玉祥,杜旭东,范舟,等.低碳微合金钢抗C02/H2S腐蚀性能研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(2):113-116.doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2009.02.029CHEN Yuxiang,DU Xudong,FAN Zhou,et al.Study on the anti-CO_2/H_2S corrosion of low-carbon microalloysteel[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2009,31(2):113-116.doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2009.02.029
[16]XU Lining,GUO Shaoqiang,CHANG Wei,et al.Corrosion of Cr bearing low alloy pipeline steel in CO_2,environment at static and flowing conditions[J].Applied Surface Science,2013,270(4):395-404.doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.01.036
[17]许立宁,陈太辉,常炜,等.温度对3%Cr管线钢CO_2腐蚀产物膜的影响[J].北京科技大学学报,2012,34(2):149-156.doi:10.13374/j.issn.1001-053x.2012.02.007XU Lining,CHEN Taihui,Chang Wei,et al.Effect of temperature on CO_2 corrosion production scales on3%Cr pipeline steel[J].Journal of University of Science&Technology Beijing,2012,34(2):149-156.doi:10.13374/j.issn.1001-053x.2012.02.007
[18]SUN J B,ZHANG G A,LIU W,et al.The formation mechanism of corrosion scale and electrochemical characteristic of low alloy steel in carbon dioxide-saturated solution[J].Corrosion Science,2012,57:131-138.doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2011.12.025
[19]CUI Z D,WU S L,ZHU S L,et al.Study on corrosion properties of pipelines in simulated produced water saturated with supercritical CO_2[J].Applied Surface Science,2006,252(6):2368-2374.doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.04.008
[20]NAZARI M H,ALLAHKARAM S R,KERMANI M B.The effects of temperature and pH on the characteristics of corrosion product in CO_2,corrosion of grade X70steel[J].Materials&Design,2010,1(7):3559-3563.doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2010.01.038
[21]CHEN C F,LU M X,SUN D B,et al.Effect of chromium on the pitting resistance of oil tube steel in a carbon dioxide corrosion system[J].Corrosion,2005,61(6):594-601.doi:10.5006/1.3278195