钕铁硼废料中稀土的回收
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摘要
采用焙烧-盐酸浸出工艺回收钕铁硼废料中的稀土。以钕铁硼废料为原料,研究焙烧温度、焙烧时间对废料中铁氧化率的影响;以钕铁硼废料焙烧料为原料回收其中稀土元素,研究了盐酸浓度、浸出时间、浸出温度以及固液比对稀土浸出率的影响。实验结果表明,钕铁硼废料的最佳焙烧条件为:焙烧温度700℃、焙烧时间1.5 h,此时铁氧化率可达99.30%;盐酸浸出焙烧料的最佳条件为:盐酸浓度4 mol/L、液固比3∶1、浸出温度90℃、浸出时间1.5 h,此时稀土浸出率可达98.11%。
An experiment was conducted on recovery of rare earth from NdFeB waste by a process of roasting-hydrochloric acid leaching. With NdFeB waste as the raw material, effects of roasting temperature and roasting time on the oxidation rate of iron in the NdFeB waste were studied. Then the obtained roasted product was taken as the raw material for recovering rare earth elements therein, and effects of HCl concentration, leaching time and temperature, as well as solid to liquid ratio on the leaching rate of rare earth were also investigated. The results showed that with the optimal roasting condition for NdFeB wastes, including roasting at 700 ℃ for 1.5 h, the oxidation rate of iron could reach 99.30%, and with the optimal conditions for hydrochloric acid leaching of the roasted product, including HCl concentration at 4 mol/L, liquid to solid ratio at 3∶1, leaching at 90 ℃ for 1.5 h, the leaching rate of rare earth were up to 98.11%.
An experiment was conducted on recovery of rare earth from NdFeB waste by a process of roasting-hydrochloric acid leaching. With NdFeB waste as the raw material, effects of roasting temperature and roasting time on the oxidation rate of iron in the NdFeB waste were studied. Then the obtained roasted product was taken as the raw material for recovering rare earth elements therein, and effects of HCl concentration, leaching time and temperature, as well as solid to liquid ratio on the leaching rate of rare earth were also investigated. The results showed that with the optimal roasting condition for NdFeB wastes, including roasting at 700 ℃ for 1.5 h, the oxidation rate of iron could reach 99.30%, and with the optimal conditions for hydrochloric acid leaching of the roasted product, including HCl concentration at 4 mol/L, liquid to solid ratio at 3∶1, leaching at 90 ℃ for 1.5 h, the leaching rate of rare earth were up to 98.11%.
引文
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[2]周喜,韩晓英.我国稀土产业现状及发展趋势(上)[J].稀土,2010,31(6):93-98.
[3]程建忠,车丽萍.中国稀土资源开采现状及发展趋势[J].稀土,2010,31(2):65-69.
[4]贾成厂,孙爱芝.烧结钕铁硼永磁材料[J].金属世界,2013,10(3):9-14.
[5]肖荣晖.钕铁硼生产中废料的回收及利用[J].有色冶炼,2001(1):23-25.
[6]许涛,李敏,张春新.钕铁硼废料中钕、镝及钴的回收[J].稀土,2004,25(2):31-34.
[7]刘名清.NdFeB废渣中回收稀土的探讨[J].科技资讯,2009(21):131.
[8]张雪峰,王大鹏,张倩.钕铁硼废料回收利用[J].科技创新导报,2012,49(13):149-150.
[9]陈云锦.全萃取法回收钕铁硼废渣中的稀土与钴[J].中国资源综合利用,2004(6):10-12.
[10]黄劲松,齐美富.钕铁硼废料资源化利用工艺综述[J].中国资源综合利用,2008,26(11):4-5.
[11]王毅军,刘宇辉,郭军勋,等.用盐酸优溶法从NdFeB废料中回收稀土[J].湿法冶金,2006,25(4):195-197.
[12]吴继平.从钕铁硼废料中提取稀土工艺及机理研究[D].赣州:江西理工大学冶金与化学工程学院,2016.