新疆台兰河坎儿井式地下水库试验研究
|
摘要
地下水库是水资源人工调蓄研究领域中的热点问题,在水资源开发利用与保护方面都具有独特优势,是实现水资源可持续开发利用的重要途径之一。中国西北干旱半干旱地区山前凹陷带储水构造富含地下水,为地下水库的建设提供了良好的自然条件。本文以新疆温宿县台兰河坎儿井式地下水库试验研究为例,综合分析了研究区水文地质条件,探讨了地下水库运行试验方案,并从补水、取水和输水3个方面分析了建设地下水库的关键技术问题,其中重点介绍了取水试验。结果表明,采用天然的河、沟入渗补水最具有可持续性,利用渗渠入渗效果最好;辐射井取水试验结果表明,地下水库的出水量可达1000m~3/h,是普通管井取水能力的4倍,可及时满足取水的需求;输水由正虹吸输水管段和无压输水管段组成,通过总长3.4km的输水管将地下水引出地面,并输送到当地的灌溉渠系之中,在无需耗电的前提下,将地下水库与用户有效衔接起来。现场试验结果表明,坎儿井式地下水库工程是可行的,可以向条件相似的地区推广应用。
Groundwater reservoir is becoming the bright spot in the field of water resources regulation and storage,and has special effect on development,utilization and protection for water resources,it is considered as one of the important ways to realize sustainable development of water resources.Piedmont pluvial fan in arid and semi-arid region is abundant in groundwater,and can provide good natural conditions for groundwater reservoir construction.In this paper,a Karez groundwater reservoir pilot in Wensu,Tailan river catchment,Xinjiang is presented.We analyzed hydrogeological conditions,illustrated the experimental designs,and then discussed some key issues with respect to water replenishment,yield and transport.It is sustainable to recharge with natural rivers and ditches,and it is better for infiltration supplement with seepage pits and channels.Groundwater yield is about 1000 m /h,four times of ordinary tube wells,and the water yield can meet water demand.Groundwater was taken out siphoned pipes and no-presses pipes with a total length of 3.4km,and then transported to irrigation canals without electricity.This groundwater reservoir is equivalent to a surface reservoir with storage capacity of 613×10~4 m~3.The results showed that groundwater reservoir is feasible and is recommended in the similar arid areas.
Groundwater reservoir is becoming the bright spot in the field of water resources regulation and storage,and has special effect on development,utilization and protection for water resources,it is considered as one of the important ways to realize sustainable development of water resources.Piedmont pluvial fan in arid and semi-arid region is abundant in groundwater,and can provide good natural conditions for groundwater reservoir construction.In this paper,a Karez groundwater reservoir pilot in Wensu,Tailan river catchment,Xinjiang is presented.We analyzed hydrogeological conditions,illustrated the experimental designs,and then discussed some key issues with respect to water replenishment,yield and transport.It is sustainable to recharge with natural rivers and ditches,and it is better for infiltration supplement with seepage pits and channels.Groundwater yield is about 1000 m /h,four times of ordinary tube wells,and the water yield can meet water demand.Groundwater was taken out siphoned pipes and no-presses pipes with a total length of 3.4km,and then transported to irrigation canals without electricity.This groundwater reservoir is equivalent to a surface reservoir with storage capacity of 613×10~4 m~3.The results showed that groundwater reservoir is feasible and is recommended in the similar arid areas.
引文
1杜新强,廖资生,李砚阁等.地下水库调蓄水资源的研究现状与展望.科技进步与对策,2005,22(2):178~180Du Xinqiang,Liao Zisheng,Li Yange et al.Study on the distribution and storage of water resources by groundwater reservoir.Science&Technology Progress and Policy,2005,22(2):178~180
2林学钰.论地下水库开发利用中的几个问题.长春地质学院学报,1984,8(2):113~121Lin Xueyu.On development and utilization of groundwater reservoir.Journal of Changchun Geological Institute,1984,8(2):113~121
3朱思远,田军仓,李全东.地下水库的研究现状和发展趋势.节水灌溉,2008,33(4):23~27Zhu Siyuan,Tian Juncang,Li Quandong.Current situation and development trend of research on groundwater reservoir.Water Saving Irrigation,2008,33(4):23~27
4李砚阁.地下水库建设研究.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007.14~15Li Yange.Construction of Groundwater Reservoir Research.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2007.14~15
5刘家祥,蔡巧生,吕晓俭等.北京西郊地下水人工回灌试验研究.水文地质工程地质,1988,15(3):1~6Liu Jiaxiang,Cai Qiaosheng,Lti Xiaojian et al.Research on artificial groundwater recharge in the western suburbs of Beijing.Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1988,15(3):1~6
6戴长雷.地下水库调控研究——以饮马河中游为例.长春:吉林大学博士学位论文,2006.1~164Dai Changlei.Study on Groundwater Reservoir Regulation with A Case of the Middle Reaches of Yinma River.Changchun:The Ph.D Thesis of Jilin University,2006.1~164
7王文科,孔金玲,王钊等.关中盆地秦岭山前地下水库调蓄功能模拟研究.水文地质工程地质,2002,29(4):5~9Wang Wenke,Kong Jinling,Wang Zhao et al.Simulation of regulational capacity of groundwater reservoirs in the piedmont of the Qinling Mountain for Guanzhong basin.Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2002,29(4):5~9
8 Chen Y,Pang Z,Chen Y et al.Response of riparian vegetation to groundwater level changes in the lower reaches of Tarim River,Xinjiang,China.Hydrogeology Journal,2008,16(7):1371~1379
9 Kong Y,Pang Z.Evaluating the sensitivity of glacier rivers to climate change based on hydrograph separation of discharge.Journal of Hydrology,2012,doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.02.029
10樊自立.塔里木河流域资源环境及可持续发展.北京:科学出版社,1998.1~183Fan Zili.The Resource and Environment and Sustainable Development of Tarim River basin.Beijing:Science Press,1998.1~183
11 Huang T,Pang Z.Changes in groundwater induced by water diversion in the Lower Tarim River,Xinjiang Uygur,NW China:Evidence from environmental isotopes and water chemistry.Journal of Hydrology,2010,387(3):188-201
12李旺林,束龙仓,殷宗泽.地下水库的概念和设计理论.水利学报,2006,37(5):613~618Li Wanglin,Shu Longcang,Yin Zongze.Concept and design theory of groundwater reservoir.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(5):613~618
13杜新强,李砚阁,冶雪艳.地下水库的概念、分类和分级问题研究.地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(2):209~214Du Xinqiang,Li Yange,Ye Xueyan.Study on concept,types and grades of groundwater reservoir.Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2008,4(2):209~214
14李旺林,束龙仓,李砚阁.地下水库蓄水构造的特点分析与探讨.水文,2006,26(5):16~19Li Wanglin,Shu Longcang,Li Yange.Characteristics of waterstoring structure of groundwater reservoirs.Journal of China Hydrology,2006,26(5):16~19
15邓铭江,裴建生,王智.干旱区内陆河流域地貌单元特征及地下水储水构造.水利学报,2006,37(11):1360~1366Deng Mingjiang,Pei Jiansheng,Wang Zhi.Landform unit characteristic and its underground storage structure for inland river basin in arid area.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(11):1360~1366
16乔晓英,王文科,陈英等.天山北麓蓄水构造模式与水循环特征.地球科学与环境学报,2005,27(3):33~37Qiao Xiaoying,Wang Wenke,Chen Ying et al.Storage water structure modes and water cycle characteristic on Tianshan Mountain foot.Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2005,27(3):33~37
17新疆温宿县台兰河山前储水构造的水文地质勘探报告.新疆伊犁州水利电力勘察设计研究院地质所,2006年8月Hydrogeological Exploration Report of Piedmont Water Storage Structure in Tailan River Basin,Wensu,Xinjiang.Geology Institute of Water Conservancy Electric Power Survey and Design Institute of Yili,Xinjiang,2006,August
18新疆温宿县台兰河辐射井大型抽水实验报告.中国水利水电科学研究院水利所,2011年6月Report of Radial Well Large Scale Pumping Test in Tailan River,Wensu,Xinjiang.Institute of Water Conservancy,China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Research,2011,June
19邓铭江.干旱区坎儿井与山前凹陷地下水库.水科学进展,2010,21(6):18~26Deng Mingjiang.Kariz wells in arid land and mountain-front depressed ground reservoir.Advances in Water Science,2010,21(6):18~26
20邓铭江,李文鹏,李涛等.新疆地下储水构造及地下水库关键技术研究.第四纪研究,2014,34(6):918~932Deng Mingjiang,Li Wenpeng,Li Tao et al.Investigation of key technologies for underground water storage structures and groundwater reservoirs in Xinjiang.Quaternary Sciences,2014,34(6):918~932
2林学钰.论地下水库开发利用中的几个问题.长春地质学院学报,1984,8(2):113~121Lin Xueyu.On development and utilization of groundwater reservoir.Journal of Changchun Geological Institute,1984,8(2):113~121
3朱思远,田军仓,李全东.地下水库的研究现状和发展趋势.节水灌溉,2008,33(4):23~27Zhu Siyuan,Tian Juncang,Li Quandong.Current situation and development trend of research on groundwater reservoir.Water Saving Irrigation,2008,33(4):23~27
4李砚阁.地下水库建设研究.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007.14~15Li Yange.Construction of Groundwater Reservoir Research.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2007.14~15
5刘家祥,蔡巧生,吕晓俭等.北京西郊地下水人工回灌试验研究.水文地质工程地质,1988,15(3):1~6Liu Jiaxiang,Cai Qiaosheng,Lti Xiaojian et al.Research on artificial groundwater recharge in the western suburbs of Beijing.Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1988,15(3):1~6
6戴长雷.地下水库调控研究——以饮马河中游为例.长春:吉林大学博士学位论文,2006.1~164Dai Changlei.Study on Groundwater Reservoir Regulation with A Case of the Middle Reaches of Yinma River.Changchun:The Ph.D Thesis of Jilin University,2006.1~164
7王文科,孔金玲,王钊等.关中盆地秦岭山前地下水库调蓄功能模拟研究.水文地质工程地质,2002,29(4):5~9Wang Wenke,Kong Jinling,Wang Zhao et al.Simulation of regulational capacity of groundwater reservoirs in the piedmont of the Qinling Mountain for Guanzhong basin.Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2002,29(4):5~9
8 Chen Y,Pang Z,Chen Y et al.Response of riparian vegetation to groundwater level changes in the lower reaches of Tarim River,Xinjiang,China.Hydrogeology Journal,2008,16(7):1371~1379
9 Kong Y,Pang Z.Evaluating the sensitivity of glacier rivers to climate change based on hydrograph separation of discharge.Journal of Hydrology,2012,doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.02.029
10樊自立.塔里木河流域资源环境及可持续发展.北京:科学出版社,1998.1~183Fan Zili.The Resource and Environment and Sustainable Development of Tarim River basin.Beijing:Science Press,1998.1~183
11 Huang T,Pang Z.Changes in groundwater induced by water diversion in the Lower Tarim River,Xinjiang Uygur,NW China:Evidence from environmental isotopes and water chemistry.Journal of Hydrology,2010,387(3):188-201
12李旺林,束龙仓,殷宗泽.地下水库的概念和设计理论.水利学报,2006,37(5):613~618Li Wanglin,Shu Longcang,Yin Zongze.Concept and design theory of groundwater reservoir.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(5):613~618
13杜新强,李砚阁,冶雪艳.地下水库的概念、分类和分级问题研究.地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(2):209~214Du Xinqiang,Li Yange,Ye Xueyan.Study on concept,types and grades of groundwater reservoir.Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2008,4(2):209~214
14李旺林,束龙仓,李砚阁.地下水库蓄水构造的特点分析与探讨.水文,2006,26(5):16~19Li Wanglin,Shu Longcang,Li Yange.Characteristics of waterstoring structure of groundwater reservoirs.Journal of China Hydrology,2006,26(5):16~19
15邓铭江,裴建生,王智.干旱区内陆河流域地貌单元特征及地下水储水构造.水利学报,2006,37(11):1360~1366Deng Mingjiang,Pei Jiansheng,Wang Zhi.Landform unit characteristic and its underground storage structure for inland river basin in arid area.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(11):1360~1366
16乔晓英,王文科,陈英等.天山北麓蓄水构造模式与水循环特征.地球科学与环境学报,2005,27(3):33~37Qiao Xiaoying,Wang Wenke,Chen Ying et al.Storage water structure modes and water cycle characteristic on Tianshan Mountain foot.Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2005,27(3):33~37
17新疆温宿县台兰河山前储水构造的水文地质勘探报告.新疆伊犁州水利电力勘察设计研究院地质所,2006年8月Hydrogeological Exploration Report of Piedmont Water Storage Structure in Tailan River Basin,Wensu,Xinjiang.Geology Institute of Water Conservancy Electric Power Survey and Design Institute of Yili,Xinjiang,2006,August
18新疆温宿县台兰河辐射井大型抽水实验报告.中国水利水电科学研究院水利所,2011年6月Report of Radial Well Large Scale Pumping Test in Tailan River,Wensu,Xinjiang.Institute of Water Conservancy,China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Research,2011,June
19邓铭江.干旱区坎儿井与山前凹陷地下水库.水科学进展,2010,21(6):18~26Deng Mingjiang.Kariz wells in arid land and mountain-front depressed ground reservoir.Advances in Water Science,2010,21(6):18~26
20邓铭江,李文鹏,李涛等.新疆地下储水构造及地下水库关键技术研究.第四纪研究,2014,34(6):918~932Deng Mingjiang,Li Wenpeng,Li Tao et al.Investigation of key technologies for underground water storage structures and groundwater reservoirs in Xinjiang.Quaternary Sciences,2014,34(6):918~932