湿地松改造林分冠层结构及树种光合特征研究
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摘要
低效林林分改造是提高森林效益的重要技术。为探讨南亚热带湿地松林分改造在冠层结构和光能利用上的效益,对广东省中山市五桂山区长命水村2个湿地松(Pinus elliottii)与乡土阔叶树种改造的混交林和对照湿地松纯林的冠层结构和光合作用进行了对比研究,结果表明,(1)在林冠结构方面,湿地松-荷木(Schima superba)等7种阔叶树种混交林改造效果明显,光能利用较为充分;林冠开度以对照样地最大,达38.75%,显著大于2个林分改造样地;叶面积指数以湿地松-荷木等7种阔叶树种混交林最大,达2.26,显著高于其他样地。(2)在光合作用方面,各改造树种之间各项光合指标均呈现显著差异。光能利用率以樟树(Cinnamomun camphora)和黎蒴(Castanopsis fissa)最好,樟树的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、环境光合有效辐射分别为12.08μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、0.18 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、2.43 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、302.60μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),黎蒴的净光合速率、气孔导度、环境光合有效辐射分别为7.98μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、0.11 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、309.66μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),这两个树种的这些光合指标在各树种中都排前两名。对照地湿地松光能利用率比改造地湿地松好,对照地湿地松的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度、蒸腾速率、环境光合有效辐射分别为3.13μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、0.06 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、267.19μmol·mol-1、0.83 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、85.87μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),均大于改造地湿地松。
Stand improvement plays an important role in promoting ecological benefits of low-efficiency forests.In order to understand the effects of forest transformation on south subtropical Pinus elliottii forests,canopy structures and photosynthesis of two mixed forests of P.elliottii with native broad-leaved tree species and a P.elliottii pure forest were investigated in Chang mingshui village,Wuguishan district,Zhongshan city,Guangdong province.Results showed that,(1) the mixed forest of P.elliottii and seven broad-leaved tree species(Schima superba,etc) showed a significant improvement effect and higher utilization of light energy in the canopy structure.Canopy openness of the pure forest(38.75%) was significantly higher than that of two transformed stands,and the largest leaf area index was observed in the mixed forest of seven broad-leaved tree species,which was significantly higher than that of other stands.(2) Photosynthetic physiological indices significantly differed among transformation tree species.Light utilization efficiency was highest in Cinnamomun camphora and Castanopsis fissa trees,and the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and photosynthetically active radiation of Cinnamomun camphora were 12.08 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),0.18 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),2.43 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),302.60 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),respectively;the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and photosynthetically active radiation of Castanopsis fissa were 7.98 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),0.11 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),309.66 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),further more,the above photosynthetic indices ranked the top two among all the species.The light utilization efficiency of P.elliottii in the pure stand was higher than that of transformed stands.The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_2 concentration,transpiration rate and photosynthetically active radiation of P.elliottii in the pure stand were 3.13 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),0.06 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),267.19 μmol·mol-1,0.83 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),85.87 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),respectively,which were higher than those in the transformed stands.
Stand improvement plays an important role in promoting ecological benefits of low-efficiency forests.In order to understand the effects of forest transformation on south subtropical Pinus elliottii forests,canopy structures and photosynthesis of two mixed forests of P.elliottii with native broad-leaved tree species and a P.elliottii pure forest were investigated in Chang mingshui village,Wuguishan district,Zhongshan city,Guangdong province.Results showed that,(1) the mixed forest of P.elliottii and seven broad-leaved tree species(Schima superba,etc) showed a significant improvement effect and higher utilization of light energy in the canopy structure.Canopy openness of the pure forest(38.75%) was significantly higher than that of two transformed stands,and the largest leaf area index was observed in the mixed forest of seven broad-leaved tree species,which was significantly higher than that of other stands.(2) Photosynthetic physiological indices significantly differed among transformation tree species.Light utilization efficiency was highest in Cinnamomun camphora and Castanopsis fissa trees,and the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and photosynthetically active radiation of Cinnamomun camphora were 12.08 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),0.18 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),2.43 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),302.60 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),respectively;the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and photosynthetically active radiation of Castanopsis fissa were 7.98 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),0.11 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),309.66 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),further more,the above photosynthetic indices ranked the top two among all the species.The light utilization efficiency of P.elliottii in the pure stand was higher than that of transformed stands.The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_2 concentration,transpiration rate and photosynthetically active radiation of P.elliottii in the pure stand were 3.13 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),0.06 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),267.19 μmol·mol-1,0.83 mmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),85.87 μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),respectively,which were higher than those in the transformed stands.
引文
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彭舜磊,王得祥,赵辉,等.2008.我国人工林现状与近自然经营途径探讨[J].西北林学院学报,23(2):184-188.
唐洪辉,张卫强,严峻,等.2014.南亚热带杉木林改造对土壤及凋落物持水能力的影响[J].水土保持研究,21(6):47-53.
姚男,尤海涛,张秀兰,等.2009.林下人参叶片光合作用日变化的研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,31(2):119-124,130.
周丽,张卫强,唐洪辉,等.2014.南亚热带中幼龄针阔混交林碳储量及其分配格局[J].生态环境学报,23(4):568-574.
朱宏光,陆晓明,温远光,等.2014.马尾松人工林近自然化改造对林分生长的影响[J].广西科学,(5):477-483.
LEBLANC S G,CHEN J M,FERNANDES R.2005.Methodology comparison for canopy structure parameters extraction from digital hemispherical photography in boreal forests[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,129(3-4):187-207.
RICH P M.1990.Characterizing plant canopies with hemispherical photographs[J].Remote Sensing Reviews,5(1):13-29.
ZHANG Y Q,CHEN J M,MILLER J R.2005.Determining digital hemispherical photograph exposure for leaf area index estimation[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,133(1-4):166-181.
ZHANG Z B,SHAN L.1997.Research development in estimation models of crop water use efficiency and transp iration and evaporation[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,15(1):73-78.
曹世刚.2015.人工针阔混交林生态作用分析[J].防护林科技,(6):12-13,23.
陈红跃.2008.生态公益林林分改造树种选择的技术路线探讨[J].广东林业科技,24(1):83-86.
陈厦,桑卫国.2007.暖温带地区3种森林群落叶面积指数和林冠开阔度的季节动态[J].植物生态学报,31(3):431-436.
陈伟光,张卫强,唐洪辉,等.2014.南亚热带不同林龄人工针阔混交林物种多样性研究[J].广东林业科技,30(6):45-51.
丁圣彦,卢训令,李昊民.2005.天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林不同演替阶段群落光环境特征比较[J].生态学报,25(11):2862-2867.
樊后保,李燕燕,黄玉,等.2006.马尾松纯林改造成针阔混交林后土壤化学性质的变化[J].水土保持学报,20(4):77-81.
广西林科所混交林课题组.1992.马尾松、红锥混交林林冠结构的研究[J].广西林业科技,21(1):11-16.
何友均,梁星云,覃林,等.2013.南亚热带人工针叶纯林近自然改造早期对群落特征和土壤性质的影响[J].生态学报,33(8):2484-2495.
赖家明,李开志,黄从德,等.2013.不同改造措施对马尾松低效林土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].林业科学研究,26(2):167-173.
李洪建,柴宝峰,王孟本.2000.北京杨水分生理生态特性研究[J].生态学报,20(3):417-422.
罗应华,孙冬婧,林建勇.2013.马尾松人工林近自然化改造对植物自然更新及物种多样性的影响[J].生态学报,33(19):6154-6162.
吕远辉,孙同高,黄映荷.2015.东江水源林林分改造对林木生长和林地植物多样性的影响[J].现代农业科技,(14):140-142,151.
彭舜磊,王得祥,赵辉,等.2008.我国人工林现状与近自然经营途径探讨[J].西北林学院学报,23(2):184-188.
唐洪辉,张卫强,严峻,等.2014.南亚热带杉木林改造对土壤及凋落物持水能力的影响[J].水土保持研究,21(6):47-53.
姚男,尤海涛,张秀兰,等.2009.林下人参叶片光合作用日变化的研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,31(2):119-124,130.
周丽,张卫强,唐洪辉,等.2014.南亚热带中幼龄针阔混交林碳储量及其分配格局[J].生态环境学报,23(4):568-574.
朱宏光,陆晓明,温远光,等.2014.马尾松人工林近自然化改造对林分生长的影响[J].广西科学,(5):477-483.