青藏高原地表辐射通量的气候特征分析
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摘要
基于对"全球能量水循环亚洲季风青藏高原试验研究"(GAME/Tibet)和"全球协调加强观测计划(CEOP)之亚澳季风青藏高原试验"(CAMP/Tibet)设在藏北高原的安多站、BJ站、D105站和NPAM站以及中国科学院珠峰站和中国科学院纳木错站10～20年晴天日间的辐射观测资料求年均值,分析了高原草甸(草高为5 cm的高原草甸,10 cm的高原草甸和高原稀疏草甸,15 cm的高原草甸)、戈壁和临湖高原草甸这些典型下垫面观测站多年观测的短波向下辐射、短波向上辐射、长波向上辐射、长波向下辐射、净辐射通量和地表反照率的年际变化,得出了青藏高原地表辐射通量的气候特征,发现高原上大部分站点观测到的短波向下辐射有不同程度的减小的年变化趋势,基本所有站点观测的长波向上辐射有不同程度的逐年增加趋势,且高原上基本所有站点观测的长波向下辐射有不同程度的增加趋势,高原地区大部分站点的净辐射通量的年变化趋势基本与短波向下辐射的年变化相一致,青藏高原大部分站点的地表反照率在不同程度上逐年减小。
In this paper,we used observational radiation data from the Amdo Center Station(The following is the Amdo Station,with 19 years of surface radiation observations),BJ Station(with 17 years of surface radiation observations),D105 Station(with 17 years of surface radiation observations)and NPAM(Also known as the MS3478 Site,with 17 years of surface radiation observations)Station on the Northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the GAME/Tibet[GEWEX(Global Energy and Water cycle Experiment)Asian Monsoon Experiment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau]and the CAMP/Tibet[CEOP(Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period)AsiaAustralia Monsoon Project(CAMP)on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau],and the Qomolangma Station for Atmosphere and Environment Observation and Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(The following is the Qomolangma Station,with 12 years of surface radiation observations)and Nam Co Station for Multisphere Observation and Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(The following is the Nam Co Station,with 12 years of surface radiation observations).There are about 10 to 20 years of observational radiation data,calculated the daily average value at 10:00 to 18:00 on sunny days,and counted monthly average value.Finally,use these average value to find out the annual average value of observational surface radiation fluxes(short wave downward radiation,short wave upward radiation,long wave downward radiation,long wave upward radiation,net radiation flux and albedo)from the above sites.Based on the analysis of the annual variations of short wave downward radiation,short wave upward radiation,long wave upward radiation,long wave downward radiation,net radiation and albedo of the typical underlying surface(plateau meadows with a height of 5 cm,plateau meadows with a height of 10 cm,sparse plateau meadows,plateau meadows with a height of 15 cm,gobi,and plateau meadows near the lake),the longterm climate change characteristics of surface radiation fluxes of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were obtained.It was found that the short wave downward radiation flux at most sites on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has a decreasing trend of varying degrees of annual change.Moreover,the long wave upward radiation flux by all the stations has an increasing trend of varying degrees,and the long wave downward radiation flux by all the stations has an increasing trend of varying degrees.The annual variation of the net radiation flux at most stations in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau region is basically consistent with the annual change in the short wave downward radiation.And the albedo at most sites on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau decreases year by year to varying degrees.
In this paper,we used observational radiation data from the Amdo Center Station(The following is the Amdo Station,with 19 years of surface radiation observations),BJ Station(with 17 years of surface radiation observations),D105 Station(with 17 years of surface radiation observations)and NPAM(Also known as the MS3478 Site,with 17 years of surface radiation observations)Station on the Northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in the GAME/Tibet[GEWEX(Global Energy and Water cycle Experiment)Asian Monsoon Experiment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau]and the CAMP/Tibet[CEOP(Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period)AsiaAustralia Monsoon Project(CAMP)on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau],and the Qomolangma Station for Atmosphere and Environment Observation and Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(The following is the Qomolangma Station,with 12 years of surface radiation observations)and Nam Co Station for Multisphere Observation and Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(The following is the Nam Co Station,with 12 years of surface radiation observations).There are about 10 to 20 years of observational radiation data,calculated the daily average value at 10:00 to 18:00 on sunny days,and counted monthly average value.Finally,use these average value to find out the annual average value of observational surface radiation fluxes(short wave downward radiation,short wave upward radiation,long wave downward radiation,long wave upward radiation,net radiation flux and albedo)from the above sites.Based on the analysis of the annual variations of short wave downward radiation,short wave upward radiation,long wave upward radiation,long wave downward radiation,net radiation and albedo of the typical underlying surface(plateau meadows with a height of 5 cm,plateau meadows with a height of 10 cm,sparse plateau meadows,plateau meadows with a height of 15 cm,gobi,and plateau meadows near the lake),the longterm climate change characteristics of surface radiation fluxes of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were obtained.It was found that the short wave downward radiation flux at most sites on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has a decreasing trend of varying degrees of annual change.Moreover,the long wave upward radiation flux by all the stations has an increasing trend of varying degrees,and the long wave downward radiation flux by all the stations has an increasing trend of varying degrees.The annual variation of the net radiation flux at most stations in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau region is basically consistent with the annual change in the short wave downward radiation.And the albedo at most sites on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau decreases year by year to varying degrees.
引文
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次仁尼玛,单增罗布,宣越健,等,2013.青藏高原羊八井地区地表辐射的季节变化特征[J].高原气象,32(5):1253-1260.Ci RN M,Dan Z L B,Xue Y J,et al,2013.Characteristic of seasonal variation of surface radiation balance at Yangbajin in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau M eteor,32(5):1253-1260.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2012.00120.
巩远发,段廷扬,陈隆勋,等,2005.1997/1998年青藏高原西部地区辐射平衡各分量变化特征[J].气象学报,63(2):225-235.Gong Y F,Duan T Y,Chen L X,et al,2005.The variation characteristics of radiation budget components of the w estern Tibetan Plateau in 1997/1998[J].Acta Geograp Sinica,63(2):225-235.DOI:10.11676/qxxb2005.022.
郭晨露,马耀明,马伟强,等,2017.青藏高原珠峰地区戈壁下垫面上实际蒸散发量和蒸发皿蒸发量的关系研究[J].高原气象,36(1):79-86.Guo C L,Ma Y M,Ma W Q,et al,2017.Relationship betw een the actual evapotranspiration and pan evaporation in the gobi land surface of the Qomolangma Region of the QinghaiXizang Plateau[J].Plateau M eteor,36(1):79-86.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00120.
黄芳芳,马伟强,李茂善,等,2016.藏北高原地表温度对气候变化响应的初步分析[J].高原气象,35(1):55-63.Huang F F,Ma W Q,Li M S,et al,2016.Analysis on responses of land surface temperature on the northern Tibetan Plateau to climate change[J].Plateau M eteor,35(1):55-63.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00075.
季国良,江灏,吕兰芝,1995.青藏高原的长波辐射特征[J].高原气象,14(4):451-458.Ji G L,Jiang H,Lu L Z,1995.Characteristics of longw ave radiation over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau M eteor,14(4):451-458.
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