地基太阳光谱辐照度计的余弦误差影响及其校正方法
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摘要
针对自研的太阳光谱辐照度计入射光学系统的结构特征,分析了引入余弦误差的因素,研究了直、漫射辐照度以及漫射-总辐射比的余弦校正方法,开展了实验室余弦响应特性测量和多种仪器的敦煌外场比对试验.结果显示,余弦误差与积分球入口黑色阳极化内壁及结构有关,在入射角为60°时,440nm、500nm、670nm和870nm波段太阳光谱辐照度计的余弦误差为4.3%～9.1%;由太阳光谱辐照度计获取的直射辐照度反演得到的大气光学厚度受到余弦误差的严重影响,余弦校正前后与CE318太阳光度计反演结果相比,偏差分别为0.11～0.13和小于0.012;基于天空辐亮度各向同性分布假设,余弦校正后四个波段漫射辐照度数值提升6.8%～10%.基于天空辐亮度分布数据,提出了一种漫射辐照度的精确校正方法,仿真结果显示,余弦校正后的漫射辐照度与理论数据一致,初步验证了该方法的可行性.
According to the structural characteristics of the entrance optics of self-developed solar spectral irradiance meter,the factors that introduce cosine error were analyzed.The cosine correction methods of direct irradiance,diffuse irradiance and diffuse-to-global ratio were studied.Laboratory measurements of cosine characteristic of solar spectral irradiance meter and a field campaign in Dunhuang with a variety of instruments involved were carried out.The results show that the cosine error is related to the structure and the black anodized inner wall of the input aperture,and it ranges from 4.3%～9.1% at the incident angle of 60°at 440 nm,500 nm,670 nm and 870 nm.Atmospheric optical thickness of the four bands retrieved from the direct irradiance obtained by solar spectral irradiance meter is severely affected by the cosine error,and the deviation of the atmospheric optical thickness before and after cosine correction is 0.11～0.13 and smaller than 0.012,respectively,compared with the CE318 sun photometer inversion results.Four-band diffuse irradiance increases by 6.8% ～10% after cosine correction by assuming an isotropy distribution of sky radiance.Based on the sky radiance distribution data,an accurate correction method for diffuse irradiance was proposed.The simulation shows that the diffuse irradiance after cosine correction is in good agreement with the theoretical result,which proves the feasibility of the method.
According to the structural characteristics of the entrance optics of self-developed solar spectral irradiance meter,the factors that introduce cosine error were analyzed.The cosine correction methods of direct irradiance,diffuse irradiance and diffuse-to-global ratio were studied.Laboratory measurements of cosine characteristic of solar spectral irradiance meter and a field campaign in Dunhuang with a variety of instruments involved were carried out.The results show that the cosine error is related to the structure and the black anodized inner wall of the input aperture,and it ranges from 4.3%～9.1% at the incident angle of 60°at 440 nm,500 nm,670 nm and 870 nm.Atmospheric optical thickness of the four bands retrieved from the direct irradiance obtained by solar spectral irradiance meter is severely affected by the cosine error,and the deviation of the atmospheric optical thickness before and after cosine correction is 0.11～0.13 and smaller than 0.012,respectively,compared with the CE318 sun photometer inversion results.Four-band diffuse irradiance increases by 6.8% ～10% after cosine correction by assuming an isotropy distribution of sky radiance.Based on the sky radiance distribution data,an accurate correction method for diffuse irradiance was proposed.The simulation shows that the diffuse irradiance after cosine correction is in good agreement with the theoretical result,which proves the feasibility of the method.
引文
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[22]BLUMTHALER M,GRBNER J,HUBER M.Measuring spectral and spatial variations of UVB and UVA sky radiance[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1996,23:547-550.
[23]ZHANG Yan-na,LIU En-chao,LI Xin,et al.Calibration method of VNIR solar irradiance spectroradiometer[J].Journal of Applied Optics,2014,35(1):11-16.张艳娜,刘恩超,李新,等.可见-近红外波段太阳光谱辐照度仪的辐射定标方法研究[J].应用光学,2014,35(1):11-16.
[24]WANG Xi-shi,MIN Xiang-jun,WU Rong,et al.Measurement method research on the atmospheric spectral optical depth[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,1997,12(2):8-16.王喜世,闵祥军,吴荣,等.大气光谱光学厚度测量方法研究[J].遥感技术与应用,1997,12(2):8-16.
[25]BAIS A F.Absolute spectral measurements of direct solar ultraviolet with a Brewer spectrophotometer[J].Applied Optics,1997,36(21):5199-5204.
[26]SIGERNES F,IVANOY Y,CHERNOUSS S,et al.Hyperspectral all-sky imaging of auroras[J].Optics Express,2012,20(25):27650-27660.
[27]OLMO F J,CAZORLA A,ALADOS-ARBOLEDAS L,et al.Retrieval of the optical depth using an all-sky CCDcamera[J].Applied Optics,2008,47(34):H182-H189.
[28]SLUSSER J,GIBSON J,BIGELOW D,et al.Langley method of calibrating UV filter radiometers[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105(D4):4841-4849.
[29]DAYOU J,CHANG J H W,SENTIAN J.Ground-based aerosol optical depth measurement using sunphotometers[M].Springer,2014.
[30]GRANT R H,HEISLER G M,GAO W.Clear sky radiance distribution in ultraviolet wavelength bands[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,1997,56:123-135.
[31]YANG Lei,ZHANG Xue-wen,HAN Qi-jin.Retrieval and analysis of aerosol optical thickness over Dunhuang region[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2014,9(1):37-42.杨磊,张学文,韩启金.敦煌地区气溶胶光学厚度的反演研究[J].大气与环境光学学报,2014,9(1):37-42.
[32]LI Jian-yu,WEI He-li,XU Qing-shan,et al.Atmospheric aerosol optical characteristics measured at several typical zones in China[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2012,20(6):1167-1174.李建玉,魏合理,徐青山,等.中国部分典型地区气溶胶光学特性观测[J].光学精密工程,2012,20(6):1167-1174.
[33]HU Xiu-qing,ZHANG Yu-xiang,ZHANG Guang-shun,et al.Measurements and study of aerosol optical characteristics in China radiometric calibration sites[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2001,12(3):257-266.胡秀清,张玉香,张广顺,等.中国遥感卫星辐射校正场气溶胶光学特性观测研究[J].应用气象学报,2001,12(3):257-266.
[2]顾行发,田国良,余涛,等.航天光学遥感器辐射定标原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社.2013.
[3]LOPEZ-SOLANO J,REDONDAS A,CARLUND T,et al.Aerosol optical depth in the European Brewer Network[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2018,18(6):3885-3902.
[4]HUANG Bo,DAI Cai-hong,YU Jia-lin.Research and test of the cosine response property of UV radiometers[J].Optical Technology,2010,36(2):176-181.黄勃,代彩红,于家琳.紫外辐射照度计的余弦响应特性测试研究[J].光学技术,2010,36(2):176-181.
[5]CORDERO R R,SECKMEYER G,LABBE F.Cosine error influence on ground-based spectral UV irradiance measurements[J].Metrologia,2008,45(2008):406-414.
[6]MILBURN D I,HOLLANDS K G T.The directional response of an integrating sphere detector system[J].Optics Communications,1995,115(1995):158-169.
[7]ZHANG Bao-zhou,XIE Yin-zhong.Research of integrating sphere for cosine response of radiometer[J].Acta Metrologica Sinica,2009,30(3):209-211.张保洲,谢印忠.积分球余弦校正器误差的研究[J].计量学报,2009,30(3):209-211.
[8]BAIS A F,KAZADZUS S,GARANE K,et al.Portable device for characterizing the angular response of UVspectroradiometers[J].Applied Optics,2005,44(33):7136-7143.
[9]PULLI T,KARAHA P,IKONEN E.A method for optimizing the cosine response of solar UV diffusers[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2013,118(14):7897-7904.
[10]ZHENG Ru,ZHANG Guo-yu,GAO Yue,et al.Cosine error correction of solar radiation observation instrument[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2016,45(1):0112004.郑茹,张国玉,高越,等.太阳辐射观测仪余弦误差修正方法[J].光子学报,2016,45(1):0112004.
[11]BERNI L A,VILELA W A,BELOTO A F,et al.System for measuring the angular response of radiometers[C].SPIE,2013,8785:87852F.
[12]GRBNER J,BLUMTHALER M,AMBACH W.Experimental investigation of spectral global irradiance measurement errors due to a non ideal cosine response[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1996,23(18):2493-2496
[13]BAIS A F,KAZADZIS S,BALIS D,et al.Correcting global Solar ultraviolet spectra recorded by a Brewer spectroradiometer for its angular response error[J].Applied Optics,1998,37(27):6339-6344.
[14]DAI C,YU J,HUANG B,et al.Improved entrance optics design for ground-based solar spectral ultraviolet irradiance measurements and system absolute calibration[C].SPIE,2009,7384:73841P.
[15]di SARRA A,FUA D,CACCIANI M,et al.Determination of ultraviolet cosine-corrected irradiances and aerosol optical thickness by combined measurements with a Brewer spectrophotometer and a multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer[J].Applied Optics,2008,47(33):6339-6344.
[16]FEISTER U,GREWE R,GERICKE K.A method for correction of cosine errors in measurements of spectral UVirradiance[J].Solar Energy,1997,60(6):313-332.
[17]HLSEN G,GRBNER J.Characterization and calibration of ultraviolet broadband radiometers measuring erythemally weighted irradiance[J].Applied Optics,2007,46(23):5877-5886.
[18]FIOLETOV V E,KERR J B,WARDLE D I,et al.Comparison of Brewer ultraviolet irradiance measurements with total ozone mapping spectrometer satellite retrievals[J].Optical Engineering,2002,41(12):3051-3061.
[19]ANTON M,SERRANO A,CANCILLO M L,et al.Correction of angular response error in Brewer UV irradiance measurements[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2008,25:2018-2027.
[20]LANDELIUS T,JOSEFSSON W.Methods for cosine correction of broadband UV data and their effect on the relation between UV irradiance and cloudiness[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105(D4):4795-4802.
[21]HATRI P,TAKAMURA T,YAMAZAKI A,et al.Retrieval of key aerosol optical parameters from spectral direct and diffuse irradiances observed by a radiometer with nonideal cosine response characteristic[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2012,29:683-696.
[22]BLUMTHALER M,GRBNER J,HUBER M.Measuring spectral and spatial variations of UVB and UVA sky radiance[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1996,23:547-550.
[23]ZHANG Yan-na,LIU En-chao,LI Xin,et al.Calibration method of VNIR solar irradiance spectroradiometer[J].Journal of Applied Optics,2014,35(1):11-16.张艳娜,刘恩超,李新,等.可见-近红外波段太阳光谱辐照度仪的辐射定标方法研究[J].应用光学,2014,35(1):11-16.
[24]WANG Xi-shi,MIN Xiang-jun,WU Rong,et al.Measurement method research on the atmospheric spectral optical depth[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,1997,12(2):8-16.王喜世,闵祥军,吴荣,等.大气光谱光学厚度测量方法研究[J].遥感技术与应用,1997,12(2):8-16.
[25]BAIS A F.Absolute spectral measurements of direct solar ultraviolet with a Brewer spectrophotometer[J].Applied Optics,1997,36(21):5199-5204.
[26]SIGERNES F,IVANOY Y,CHERNOUSS S,et al.Hyperspectral all-sky imaging of auroras[J].Optics Express,2012,20(25):27650-27660.
[27]OLMO F J,CAZORLA A,ALADOS-ARBOLEDAS L,et al.Retrieval of the optical depth using an all-sky CCDcamera[J].Applied Optics,2008,47(34):H182-H189.
[28]SLUSSER J,GIBSON J,BIGELOW D,et al.Langley method of calibrating UV filter radiometers[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105(D4):4841-4849.
[29]DAYOU J,CHANG J H W,SENTIAN J.Ground-based aerosol optical depth measurement using sunphotometers[M].Springer,2014.
[30]GRANT R H,HEISLER G M,GAO W.Clear sky radiance distribution in ultraviolet wavelength bands[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,1997,56:123-135.
[31]YANG Lei,ZHANG Xue-wen,HAN Qi-jin.Retrieval and analysis of aerosol optical thickness over Dunhuang region[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2014,9(1):37-42.杨磊,张学文,韩启金.敦煌地区气溶胶光学厚度的反演研究[J].大气与环境光学学报,2014,9(1):37-42.
[32]LI Jian-yu,WEI He-li,XU Qing-shan,et al.Atmospheric aerosol optical characteristics measured at several typical zones in China[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2012,20(6):1167-1174.李建玉,魏合理,徐青山,等.中国部分典型地区气溶胶光学特性观测[J].光学精密工程,2012,20(6):1167-1174.
[33]HU Xiu-qing,ZHANG Yu-xiang,ZHANG Guang-shun,et al.Measurements and study of aerosol optical characteristics in China radiometric calibration sites[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2001,12(3):257-266.胡秀清,张玉香,张广顺,等.中国遥感卫星辐射校正场气溶胶光学特性观测研究[J].应用气象学报,2001,12(3):257-266.