脉冲型地震作用下独塔自锚式悬索桥碰撞响应试验研究
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摘要
为了研究脉冲型地震作用下考虑碰撞效应时自锚式悬索桥的地震响应,以某独塔自锚式悬索桥为原型,设计制作了缩尺比为1∶20的试验模型,并选取三条具有不同脉冲周期的近断层脉冲型地震波,利用多子台地震模拟振动台台阵系统,进行了一致激励及行波激励下的对比试验。结果表明:一致激励下梁端碰撞效应会显著增加边墩墩底变形,但会不同程度降低支座的位移响应,且碰撞效应随碰撞间隙的增加先增强后减弱;行波激励会加剧梁端碰撞作用,使碰撞效应对边墩墩底变形和主塔塔底变形的放大作用更显著;脉冲型地震动的脉冲周期与悬索桥基本周期越接近,碰撞效应越强,对边墩墩底变形及主塔塔底变形的放大效应越显著,但对支座位移降低程度的影响不明显;因此,对自锚式悬索桥进行抗震或减震设计时应当考虑碰撞效应、行波效应及地震动脉冲特性的影响。研究成果可为桥梁结构的碰撞响应研究提供参考。
In order to explore the seismic response of a self-anchored suspension bridge when considering the collision effect under the action of pulse-like ground motions, a self-anchored suspension bridge with single tower was taken as a prototype to design the test model with a reduced scale of 1∶20, and three near-fault pulse seismic waves of different pulse periods were selected to perform comparative tests under uniform excitation and traveling wave excitation on a multiple-earthquake-simulation-shake-table system. According to the test results, the collision effect has significantly aggrandized the deformation of side pier bottom but reduces the displacement response of the support in varying degrees; the collision effect at ends of the model bridge first heightens and then recedes as collision gap widens while the traveling wave excitation has intensified collision at bridge ends so that the collision effect significantly amplifies the deformation of side pier bottom and deformation of main tower bottom; the closer the pulse period of pulse-like ground motions is to the basic cycle of model bridge girder, the more intense the collision effect and the more significant amplifying effect on the deformation of side pier bottom and main tower bottom, but less effect on the reduction of support displacement. Therefore, factors such as collision effect, traveling wave effect and pulse characteristics of ground motions should be considered at seismic or aseismic design of a self-anchored suspension bridge. The findings will provide references for studying bridge structure collision response.
In order to explore the seismic response of a self-anchored suspension bridge when considering the collision effect under the action of pulse-like ground motions, a self-anchored suspension bridge with single tower was taken as a prototype to design the test model with a reduced scale of 1∶20, and three near-fault pulse seismic waves of different pulse periods were selected to perform comparative tests under uniform excitation and traveling wave excitation on a multiple-earthquake-simulation-shake-table system. According to the test results, the collision effect has significantly aggrandized the deformation of side pier bottom but reduces the displacement response of the support in varying degrees; the collision effect at ends of the model bridge first heightens and then recedes as collision gap widens while the traveling wave excitation has intensified collision at bridge ends so that the collision effect significantly amplifies the deformation of side pier bottom and deformation of main tower bottom; the closer the pulse period of pulse-like ground motions is to the basic cycle of model bridge girder, the more intense the collision effect and the more significant amplifying effect on the deformation of side pier bottom and main tower bottom, but less effect on the reduction of support displacement. Therefore, factors such as collision effect, traveling wave effect and pulse characteristics of ground motions should be considered at seismic or aseismic design of a self-anchored suspension bridge. The findings will provide references for studying bridge structure collision response.
引文
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[2]Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.1999 Chi-Chi,Taiwan earthquake reconnaissance report[R].Oakland:EERI 2001.
[3]李宏男,肖诗云,霍林生.汶川地震震害调查与启示[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):10-19.LI Hongnan,XIAO Shiyun,HUO Linsheng.Damage investigation and analysis of engineering structures in the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(4):10-19.
[4]CHOUW N,HAO H.Pounding damage to buildings and bridges in the 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquake[J].International Journal of Protective Structures,2012,3(2):123-140.
[5]ZANARDO G,HAO H,MODENA C.Seismic response of multi-span simply supported bridges to a spatially varying earthquake ground motion[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,2002,31(6):1325-1345.
[6]王军文,李建中,范立础.连续梁桥纵向地震碰撞反应参数研究[J].中国公路学报,2005,18(4):42-47.WANG Junwen,LI Jianzhong,FAN Lichu.Parametric study of longitudinal seismic pounding response for continuous girder bridges[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2005,18(4):42-47.
[7]王军文,李建中,范立础.非规则梁桥伸缩缝处的碰撞对地震反应的影响[J].土木工程学报,2006,30(1):54-59.WANG Junwen,LI Jianzhong,FAN Lichu.Effect of pounding at expansion joints on seismic response ofirregular girder bridges[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,30(1):54-59.
[8]WIESER J,ZAGHI A,MARAGAKIS M,et al.A methodology for the experimental evaluation of seismic pounding at seattype abutments of horizontally curved bridges[C]∥2012Structures Congress.Illinois:American Society of Civil Engineers,2012.
[9]雷凡,邓育林,杨吉新.大跨三塔悬索桥伸缩缝处纵向碰撞对结构地震反应的影响[J].公路交通科技,2012,29(4):34-40.LEI Fan,DENG Yulin,YANG Jixin.Effect of pounding at expansion joints of long-span triple-pylon suspension bridge on seismic response of the structure[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2012,29(4):34-40.
[10]邓育林,彭天波,李建中.大跨多塔悬索桥纵向地震碰撞反应参数研究[J].振动与冲击,2011,30(4):152-157.DENG Yulin,PENG Tianbo,LI Jianzhong.Parametric study on longitudinal seismic pounding response for a long-span multi-tower suspension bridge[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,30(4):152-157.
[11]邓育林,雷凡,何雄君.纵向地震作用下大跨三塔悬索桥伸缩缝处双边碰撞效应研究[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(12):126-130.DENG Yulin,LEI Fan,HE Xiongjun.Effect of double-side pounding at expansion joints on seismic response of a longspan triple-pylon suspension bridge[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(12):126-130.
[12]禚一,李忠献,王菲.桥梁地震碰撞的三维撞击模型及非线性响应分析[J].土木工程学报,2014,47(5):71-80.ZHUO Yi,LI Zhongxian,WANG Fei.3D impact model and non-linear response analysis forseismic pounding of bridges[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2014,47(5):71-80.
[13]黄泰烈,朱敏,曹凌飞,等.桥梁地震碰撞机理和抗震设计建议[J].高速铁路技术,2015,6(3):17-21.HUANG Tailie,ZHU Min,CAO Lingfei,et al.Mechanism of seismic collision on bridges and aseismic design suggestions[J].High Speed Railway Technology,2015,6(3):17-21.
[14]李青宁,尹俊红,张瑞杰,等.桥梁碰撞振动台试验及参数敏感性分析[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(4):58-65.LI Qingning,YIN Junhong,ZHANG Ruijie,et al.Shaking table test of bridge pounding and analysis on parameter sensitivity[J].Journal of Chang’an University(Natural Science),2016,36(4):58-65.
[15]王天稳.土木工程结构试验[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2006.
[16]中华人民共和国交通运输部.公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].重庆:重庆交通科研设计院,2008.
[17]KIM S H,SHINOZUKA M.Effects of seismically induced pounding at expansion joints of concrete bridge[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2003,129(11):1225-1234.