三峡库区梁滩河水体营养盐时空分布及输出风险
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摘要
梁滩河是三峡库区回水末端重要次级河流,本文对2014-2015年间梁滩河氮、磷营养盐的时空分布特征及输出状况进行了初步研究,并对其水质风险进行评价。结果表明,梁滩河氮磷污染严重,尤其氮污染超出国家地表水劣Ⅴ类水质2~10倍,年均总氮(totalnitrogen,TN)浓度为5.21~27.75 m g·L~(-1),NO_3--N与N H4+-N浓度分别为0.52~8.56 m g·L~(-1)和0.17~3.02m g·L~(-1),硝态氮是梁滩河氮元素的主要存在形式;年均总磷(totalphospho rus,TP)浓度为0.24~1.62 m g·L~(-1),D TP与PO4-3浓度分别为0.14~1.20 m g·L~(-1)和0.05~1.02 m g·L~(-1);梁滩河向三峡库区输入TN、TP量分别为2.228×103t·a~(-1)和109t·a~(-1),远高于同尺度三峡库区腹地支流;梁滩河西永断面总氮和总磷浓度均高于其他断面,工业、生活污水排放可能是主要污染源;氮磷元素均表现为冬春季高于夏秋季,可能受雨季降雨稀释效应影响。本研究提出梁滩河综合整治对维持库区水环境具有重要意义,为梁滩河综合整治提供科学依据。
Liangtan River is an important secondary river in the terminal of backwater of Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR). The characteristic of temporal-spatial variation of nitrogen and phosphorus and nutrient output from Liangtan River was studied. The results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Liangtan River was severe and total nitrogen,(TN) concentration was 2~10 times higher than that of the upper limit concentration of state's surface water quality standards; TN, NO3--N, NH4+-N concentration were 5.21~27.75 mg·L~(-1), 0.52~8.56mg·L~(-1)and 0.17~3.02 mg·L~(-1), respectively, and NO3-N was the dominated form of nitrogen in Liangtan River; total phospho rus(TP), DTP and PO43-concentration were 0.24~1.62 mg·L~(-1), 0.14~1.20 mg·L~(-1)and 0.05~1.02 mg·L~(-1), respectively. The nutrient flux loads of TN and TP were 2 228 t·a~(-1)and 109 t·a~(-1). Resulting from the raising waste water and domestic sewage, TN and TP concentration in Xiyong section were higher than that of other sections. TN and TP concentration were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn, which may result from the dilution effect due to the serried rainfall. The comprehensive improvement of Liangtan River may have significances to maintain the water quality of the TGR area.
Liangtan River is an important secondary river in the terminal of backwater of Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR). The characteristic of temporal-spatial variation of nitrogen and phosphorus and nutrient output from Liangtan River was studied. The results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Liangtan River was severe and total nitrogen,(TN) concentration was 2~10 times higher than that of the upper limit concentration of state's surface water quality standards; TN, NO3--N, NH4+-N concentration were 5.21~27.75 mg·L~(-1), 0.52~8.56mg·L~(-1)and 0.17~3.02 mg·L~(-1), respectively, and NO3-N was the dominated form of nitrogen in Liangtan River; total phospho rus(TP), DTP and PO43-concentration were 0.24~1.62 mg·L~(-1), 0.14~1.20 mg·L~(-1)and 0.05~1.02 mg·L~(-1), respectively. The nutrient flux loads of TN and TP were 2 228 t·a~(-1)and 109 t·a~(-1). Resulting from the raising waste water and domestic sewage, TN and TP concentration in Xiyong section were higher than that of other sections. TN and TP concentration were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn, which may result from the dilution effect due to the serried rainfall. The comprehensive improvement of Liangtan River may have significances to maintain the water quality of the TGR area.
引文
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[18]王晓锋,刘红,袁兴中,等.基于水敏性城市设计的城市水环境污染控制体系研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(1):30-43.
[2]张维理,武淑霞,冀宏杰,等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策I:21世纪初期中国农业面源污染的形势估计[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(7):1008-1017.
[3]张晟,李崇明,付永川,等.三峡水库成库后支流库湾营养状态及营养盐输出[J].环境科学,2008,29(1):7-12.
[4]郭劲松,陈园,李哲,等.三峡小江回水区叶绿素a季节变化及其同主要藻类的相互关系[J].环境科学,2011,32(4):976-981.
[5]LIU Liu,LIU De-fu,JOHNSON D M,et al.Effects of vertical mixing on phytoplankton blooms in xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir:implications for management[J].Water Research,2012,46(7):2121-2130.
[6]郑丙辉,曹承进,秦延文,等.三峡水库主要入库河流氮营养盐特征及其来源分析[J].环境科学,2008,29(1):1-6.
[7]王里奥,祝家麟,杨天怡.梁滩河流域水污染调研报告[R].重庆:重庆市环境保护局,2011.
[8]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[9]BULGAKOV N G,LEVICH A P.The nitrogen:phosphorus ratio as a factor regulating phytoplankton community structure[J].Archivfür Hydrobiologie,1999,146(1):3-22.
[10]赵学敏,马千里,姚玲爱,等.龙江河水体中氮磷水质风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(S1):233-238.
[11]奚姗姗,周春财,刘桂建,等.巢湖水体氮磷营养盐时空分布特征[J].环境科学,2016,37(2):542-547.
[12]于超,储金字,自晓华,等.洱海人湖河流弥苴河下游氮磷季节性变化特征及主要影响因素[J].生态学报,2011,31(23):7104-7111.
[13]曹承进,秦延文,郑丙辉,等.三峡水库主要入库河流磷营养盐特征及其来源分析[J].环境科学,2008,29(2):310-315.
[14]张磊,蔚建军,付莉,等.三峡库区回水区营养盐和叶绿素a的时空变化及其相互关系[J].环境科学,2015,36(6):2061-2069.
[15]TAN Lu,CAI Qing-hua,ZHANG Hong-ye,et al.Trophic status of tributary bay aggregate and their relationships with basin characteristics in a Large,subtropical dendritic Reservoir,China[J].Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,2014,23(3):650-659.
[16]HUANG Yu-ling,ZHANG Ping,LIU De-fu,et al.Nutrient spatial pattern of the upstream,mainstream and tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoirin China[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2014,186(10):6833-6847.
[17]OBENOUR D R,MICHALAK A M,ZHOU Y T,et al.Quantifying the impacts of stratification and nutrient loading on hypoxia in the northern gulf of Mexico[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(10):5489-5496.
[18]王晓锋,刘红,袁兴中,等.基于水敏性城市设计的城市水环境污染控制体系研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(1):30-43.