基于输出系数模型的云南洱海流域农业非点源污染研究
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摘要
以洱海流域北部罗时江、弥苴河、永安江3个子流域作为实验区,利用输出系数模型对子流域内农业非点源氮、磷污染进行估算,结合罗时江、弥苴河、永安江水质监测数据,对模型输出系数进行率定和验证,得到一组适用于洱海流域农业非点源污染估算的输出系数.利用该组输出系数,对洱海流域范围内农业非点源氮、磷污染负荷进行估算.研究表明:氮、磷污染空间分布具有一致性,乡镇污染输出于地域分布中呈现出"南北高中间低"的趋势.不同非点源氮污染贡献率依次为大牲畜养殖>农村生活排放>种植业>生猪养殖,不同非点源磷污染贡献率依次为种植业>农村生活排放>生猪养殖>大牲畜养殖.
The sub-watershed of Lake Erhai watershed,including Luoshijing,Mijvhe and Yonganjing,which are located in the north area,are served as the experimental are-a.The export coefficient is utilized to calculate the total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)loads from agricultural non-point sources(NPS)of this experimental area.The export coefficients of this model are calibrated and validated with the water quality monitoring data of the experimental area,aiming to get the export coefficients that could be used in the whole area of Lake Erhai watershed more effectively.The TN and TP loads from agricultural non-point sources of the whole Erhai watershed is calculated by the export coefficients.Our results suggest that the pollution from nitrogen and phosphorus have a high correlation,and their spatial distributions show the trend that the north and south of this area contribute more than the middle area.For TN loads,the magnitude order of the contribution was as follows:cattle breeding>rural life>farming> pig breeding.For TP loads,the magnitude order of the contribution was as follows:farming>rural life> pig breeding> cattle breeding.
The sub-watershed of Lake Erhai watershed,including Luoshijing,Mijvhe and Yonganjing,which are located in the north area,are served as the experimental are-a.The export coefficient is utilized to calculate the total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)loads from agricultural non-point sources(NPS)of this experimental area.The export coefficients of this model are calibrated and validated with the water quality monitoring data of the experimental area,aiming to get the export coefficients that could be used in the whole area of Lake Erhai watershed more effectively.The TN and TP loads from agricultural non-point sources of the whole Erhai watershed is calculated by the export coefficients.Our results suggest that the pollution from nitrogen and phosphorus have a high correlation,and their spatial distributions show the trend that the north and south of this area contribute more than the middle area.For TN loads,the magnitude order of the contribution was as follows:cattle breeding>rural life>farming> pig breeding.For TP loads,the magnitude order of the contribution was as follows:farming>rural life> pig breeding> cattle breeding.
引文
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[12]任玮,代超,郭怀成.基于改进输出系数模型的云南宝象河流域非点源污染负荷估算[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2400-2408.
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[15]丁晓雯,刘瑞民,沈珍瑶.基于水文水质资料的非点源输出系数模型参数确定方法及其研究[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,42(5):534-538.
[16]丁晓雯,沈珍瑶.涪江流域农业非点源污染空间分布及污染源识别[J].环境科学,2012,33(11):4025-4032.
[17]魏新平,刘洪雨,李华,等.四川白鹿河流域非点源氮磷负荷来源及控制对策[J].中国农村水利水电,2012(3):36-38.
[18]刘亚群.旭水河贡井段非点源污染负荷估算研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014:36-39.
[19]杨彦兰,申丽娟,谢德体,等.基于输出系数模型的三峡库区(重庆段)农业面源污染负荷估算[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(3):112-119.
[20]DING X W,SHEN Z Y,QIAN H,et al.Development and tests of the export coefficient model in the upper reach of Yangtze River[J],Journal of Hydrology,2010,383:233-244.
[21]翟玥,尚晓,沈剑,等.SWAT模型在洱海流域面源污染评价中的应用[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(6):665-671.
[22]朱婷.大理市农业结构关联效应与优化研究[J].对外经贸,2014(10):90-93.
[23]大理市统计局.大理市统计年鉴[M].昆明:云南民族出版社,2010.
[2]JOHNES P J.Evaluation and management of the impact of land use change on the nitrogen and phosphorus load delivered to surface waters:the export coefficient modeling approach[J].Journal of Hydrology,1996,183:323-349.
[3]李怀恩,庄咏涛.预测非点源营养负荷的输出系数法研究进展与应用[J].西安理工大学学报,2003,19(4):307-311.
[4]蔡明,李怀恩,庄咏涛,等.改进的输出系数法在流域非点源污染负荷估算中的应用[J].水利学报,2004(7):40-45.
[5]丁晓雯,沈珍瑶,刘瑞民,等.基于降雨和地形特征的输出系数模型改进及精度分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,19(4):306-309.
[6]翟玥.洱海流域入湖河流污染分析及人工湿地处理技术研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2012:1-3.
[7]陆建忠,陈晓玲,肖靖靖,等.改进的输出系数法在农业污染源估算中的应用[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012,46(3):373-378.
[8]杨立梦.茫溪河流域(井研段)农业非点源污染研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014:50-51.
[9]纪丁愈,王庆安,佘红英,等.川中丘陵地区小流域农业面源污染特征及水环境容量研究——以黄蜡溪小流域为例[J].水资源与水工程学报,2011,22(4):81-84.
[10]马亚丽,敖天其,张洪波,等.基于输出系数模型濑溪河流域泸县段面源分析[J].四川农业大学学报,2013,31(1):53-59.
[11]朱建春,张增强,樊志民,等.中国畜禽粪便的能源潜力与氮磷耕地负荷及总量控制[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(3):435-445.
[12]任玮,代超,郭怀成.基于改进输出系数模型的云南宝象河流域非点源污染负荷估算[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2400-2408.
[13]郝旭,张乃明,史静.昆明市云龙水库径流区氮磷非点源污染负荷分析[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(6):274-278.
[14]刘瑞民,沈珍瑶,丁晓雯,等.应用输出系数模型估算长江上游非点源污染负荷[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(2):677-682.
[15]丁晓雯,刘瑞民,沈珍瑶.基于水文水质资料的非点源输出系数模型参数确定方法及其研究[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,42(5):534-538.
[16]丁晓雯,沈珍瑶.涪江流域农业非点源污染空间分布及污染源识别[J].环境科学,2012,33(11):4025-4032.
[17]魏新平,刘洪雨,李华,等.四川白鹿河流域非点源氮磷负荷来源及控制对策[J].中国农村水利水电,2012(3):36-38.
[18]刘亚群.旭水河贡井段非点源污染负荷估算研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014:36-39.
[19]杨彦兰,申丽娟,谢德体,等.基于输出系数模型的三峡库区(重庆段)农业面源污染负荷估算[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,37(3):112-119.
[20]DING X W,SHEN Z Y,QIAN H,et al.Development and tests of the export coefficient model in the upper reach of Yangtze River[J],Journal of Hydrology,2010,383:233-244.
[21]翟玥,尚晓,沈剑,等.SWAT模型在洱海流域面源污染评价中的应用[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(6):665-671.
[22]朱婷.大理市农业结构关联效应与优化研究[J].对外经贸,2014(10):90-93.
[23]大理市统计局.大理市统计年鉴[M].昆明:云南民族出版社,2010.