莺-琼盆地高压成因输导体系特征、识别及其成藏过程
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摘要
莺-琼盆地为新生代的高温高压快速沉降盆地,通常伴随着热流底辟体的发育,形成了异于常压盆地的油气输导体系,由地层深部压力释放形成的底辟和裂缝是莺-琼盆地天然气运移的主要输导通道。研究利用沿层三维地震相干分析及曲率分析技术对莺-琼盆地高压底辟型和裂缝型输导体系进行了系统的识别,研究其空间展布特征及演化过程,结合天然气同位素及包裹体等地球化学手段,综合分析了高压成因输导体系与研究区天然气充注、散失及富集成藏的关系。研究结果表明,底辟型和裂缝型输导体系在空间分布上具有由深向浅阶梯状发育的特点,其中底辟型输导体系通常发育在莺歌海盆地的中央坳陷带,裂缝型输导体系主要分布在盆地热流底辟的边缘、斜坡近凹区的高压地层中。底辟型输导体系的发育演化历史可以划分为增压期、穿刺期、平衡期、释放期和塌陷期五个阶段(类型),具有增压期深部充气、穿刺期浅层成藏、平衡期复合成藏、释放期翼部成藏、塌陷期破坏成藏的成藏规律。裂隙型输导体系具有高压和构造两种成因,天然气具有浅部早、深部晚的成藏规律。
The Yingqiong Basin is a Cenozoic high-temperature and high-pressure basin with rapid subsidence,usually accompanied by the development of thermal fluid diapirs. This formed a unique hydrocarbon migration system,with the diapirs and fractures caused by the pressure release of deep strata functioning as the major transporting pathways of natural gas in the basin. The research distinguished 2 types of migration systems in the Yingqiong Basin: the highpressure-diapir system and the fracture system,based on 3 D seismic coherence analysis and curvature analysis along the formation. The spatial distribution characteristics of these two systems and their evolution processes have been investigated,and the relationship between the overpressured migration systems and the gas charging,dissipating and accumulating in the study area is analyzed by geochemical means such as natural gas isotopes and inclusions. The results indicate that,in spatial distribution,the two types of migration systems are characterized by stepwise development from deep to shallow:the former usually develops in the central depression zone of the Yinggehai Basin and the latter mainly distributes in the margin of thermal fluid diapirs and the high-pressure strata in the subsidence center proximity part of the steep slopes. According to the evolution history,the diaper migration system consists of five stages( types):pressurization,puncture,equilibrium,release and collapse,and at each stage the gas accumulation style features deep gas charging,shallow gas accumulating,simultaneous deep and shallow accumulating,flank accumulating,and accumulation destruction respectively. The fracture migration system originates from either high pressure or certain deformation processes,characterized with early gas accumulation in shallow strata and later gas accumulation in deep ones.
The Yingqiong Basin is a Cenozoic high-temperature and high-pressure basin with rapid subsidence,usually accompanied by the development of thermal fluid diapirs. This formed a unique hydrocarbon migration system,with the diapirs and fractures caused by the pressure release of deep strata functioning as the major transporting pathways of natural gas in the basin. The research distinguished 2 types of migration systems in the Yingqiong Basin: the highpressure-diapir system and the fracture system,based on 3 D seismic coherence analysis and curvature analysis along the formation. The spatial distribution characteristics of these two systems and their evolution processes have been investigated,and the relationship between the overpressured migration systems and the gas charging,dissipating and accumulating in the study area is analyzed by geochemical means such as natural gas isotopes and inclusions. The results indicate that,in spatial distribution,the two types of migration systems are characterized by stepwise development from deep to shallow:the former usually develops in the central depression zone of the Yinggehai Basin and the latter mainly distributes in the margin of thermal fluid diapirs and the high-pressure strata in the subsidence center proximity part of the steep slopes. According to the evolution history,the diaper migration system consists of five stages( types):pressurization,puncture,equilibrium,release and collapse,and at each stage the gas accumulation style features deep gas charging,shallow gas accumulating,simultaneous deep and shallow accumulating,flank accumulating,and accumulation destruction respectively. The fracture migration system originates from either high pressure or certain deformation processes,characterized with early gas accumulation in shallow strata and later gas accumulation in deep ones.
引文
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