东雷抽黄引水灌区退水对干渠减淤的影响
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摘要
【目的】分析东雷抽黄引水灌区渠系泥沙淤积问题,探讨通过加大干渠输水流量以减少渠道淤积的可行性。【方法】利用东雷抽黄灌区总干渠的泥沙淤积实测资料,对水沙输移数学模型进行验证,再依据典型年份不同灌季不同时段引水含沙量高低情况,拟定了加大渠道输水流量的多种方案,对不同方案情况下渠道的冲淤过程及减淤量等进行数值模拟计算。【结果】减淤量和抽水费用等的计算结果表明,减淤效果最佳的方案是春灌期间含沙量较低时段加大渠道输水流量,该方案的减淤率为59.63%,减淤耗水费用为9元/m~3,较人工清淤费用(50元/m~3)节省成本82%。【结论】在春灌或夏灌含沙量较低时段,利用退水渠加大干渠输水流量减少渠道淤积在技术上是可行的,经济上也是合理的。
【Objective】This paper analyzed the sediment deposition in Yellow River pumping irrigation system and discussed the feasibility of reducing channel deposition by increasing main canal discharge.【Method】Based on the measured data of canal water flow and sediment concentration,the mathematical model of water sediment transport was validated and various plans to increase the flow rate were proposed according to the sediment contents in typical years.Then the model was used to evaluate different irrigation plans.【Result】According to the calculated results of sediment deposition and irrigation cost,the best option for sedimentation reduction was to increase channel water flow during the low concentration period in spring irrigation.The expected sediment reduction was 59.63% and the cost was decreased by 82% to 9 RMB/m~3 in comparison with artificial dredging cost(50 RMB/m~3).【Conclusion】It is technically and economically feasible to reduce to reduce channel deposition by increasing main canal discharge in low sediment concentration period of spring or summer irrigation.
【Objective】This paper analyzed the sediment deposition in Yellow River pumping irrigation system and discussed the feasibility of reducing channel deposition by increasing main canal discharge.【Method】Based on the measured data of canal water flow and sediment concentration,the mathematical model of water sediment transport was validated and various plans to increase the flow rate were proposed according to the sediment contents in typical years.Then the model was used to evaluate different irrigation plans.【Result】According to the calculated results of sediment deposition and irrigation cost,the best option for sedimentation reduction was to increase channel water flow during the low concentration period in spring irrigation.The expected sediment reduction was 59.63% and the cost was decreased by 82% to 9 RMB/m~3 in comparison with artificial dredging cost(50 RMB/m~3).【Conclusion】It is technically and economically feasible to reduce to reduce channel deposition by increasing main canal discharge in low sediment concentration period of spring or summer irrigation.
引文
[1]田庆奇,卢健,史红玲.黄河下游引黄灌区发展及泥沙治理历程探讨[J].中国水利,2016(1):36-38.Tian Q Q,Lu J,Shi H L.Development of water diversion areas in Yellow River downstream and history of sediment control[J].China Water Resources,2016(1):36-38.
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[7]刘焕芳,宗全利,刘贞姬,等.灌区高含沙输水渠道淤积成因分析[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(4):35-40.Liu H F,Zong Q L,Liu Z J,et al.Analysis of the cause for sediment deposition of high-silt conveyance channel in irrigation areas[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(4):35-40.
[8]卢红伟,王延贵,史红玲.引黄灌区水沙资源配置技术的研究[J].水利学报,2012,43(12):1405-1412.Lu H W,Wang Y G,Shi H L.Study on main techniques of water and sediment resources allocation in irrigation system of the Lower Yellow River[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(12):1405-1412.
[9]毛继新,曹文洪.引黄灌区泥沙远距离输送研究[J].水利水电技术,2009,40(3):23-26.Mao J X,Cao W H.Study on long-distance sediment transportation of Yellow River diversion irrigation district[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2009,40(3):23-26.
[10]李国元,刘春晶,付超,等.引黄灌区渠道淤积的负面影响与原因分析[J].水利经济,2008,26(6):59-60.Li G Y,Liu C J,Fu C,et al.Negative influences and causes of canal siltation in the irrigation districts of Yellow River[J].Journal of Economics of Water Resources,2008,26(6):59-60.
[11]方春明,曹文洪.引黄灌区渠网泥沙数学模型[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2008,6(2):81-85.Fang C M,Cao W H.Sediment mathematical model of canal system in the Yellow River irrigation area[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2008,6(2):81-85.
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[13]蒋如琴,彭润泽,黄永健,等.引黄渠系泥沙利用[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1998.Jiang R Q,Peng R Z,Huang Y J,et al.Sediment utilization of canal system in the Yellow River irrigation area[M].Zhengzhou:The Yellow River Water Conservancy Press,1998.
[14]蒋如琴,曹文洪.引黄灌区泥沙研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012.Jiang R Q,Cao W H.Sediment research in irrigation system of the Lower Yellow River[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2012.
[15]张治昊,姜海波,孙庆锋,等.位山灌区渠系泥沙淤积的主要问题与治理措施[J].水利经济,2009,27(3):59-60.Zhang Z H,Jiang H B,Sun Q F,et al.Main problems and countermeasures of sediment deposition in Weishan irrigation district[J].Journal of Economics of Water Resources,2009,27(3):59-60.
[16]王武卫.东雷二期抽黄工程北干渠末端淤积成因和对策探索[J].陕西水利,2015(5):180-181.Wang W W.Deposition cause and countermeasure exploration at the end of Beigan canal in Dongleichouhuang second-phase project[J].Shaanxi Water Resources,2015(5):180-181.
[17]尹拓.东雷二期抽黄灌区渠道淤积形成原因及解决对策[J].陕西水利,2010(2):154-155.Yin T.Causes of channel siltation and countermeasures in Dongleichouhuang second-phase irrigation system[J].Shaanxi Water Resources,2010(2):154-155.
[18]周宗军,王延贵.引黄灌渠复式断面输水输沙特性研究[J].泥沙研究,2008(5):71-75.Zhou Z J,Wang Y G,Study on the characteristics of flow and sediment transport in compound canal of the irrigation district in the lower Yellow River[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2008(5):71-75.
[19]吴宗信,张树明,王山河.简单易行的淤积渠道测水量水方法[J].陕西水利,1995(S1):42.Wu Z X,Zhang S M,Wang S H.Simple method for measuring water quantity and quantity of deposition channel[J].Shaanxi Water Resources,1995(S1):42.
[20]王琮璞.农田排水渠道淤积与作物减产的量化分析[J].吉林水利,2009(10):52-53.Wang C P.Quantitative analysis of siltation and crop yield reduction in farmland drainage channels[J].Jilin Water Resources,2009(10):52-53.
[21]董亚伟.简析多级抽水灌区进水渠道淤积问题[J].陕西水利,2001(S2):120-121.Dong Y W.Analysis of water diversion channel deposition in multistage pumping irrigation district[J].Shaanxi Water Resources,2001(S2):120-121.
[22]王新宏,程文,曹如轩,等.黄河中游龙潼河段一维悬移质泥沙数学模型[J].西安理工大学学报,1996(3):251-256.Wang X H,Cheng W,Cao R X,et al.l-D mathematical model for scour and deposit of suspended load in the middle reach between Longmen and Tongguan of the Yellow River[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Technology,1996(3):251-256.
[23]王新宏.冲积河道纵向冲淤和横向变形数值模拟研究及应用[D].西安:西安理工大学,2000.Wang X H.Development and application of a numerical model for bank erosion and sediment transport in alluvial rivers[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2000.
[24]张治昊,胡春宏.黄河下游引黄灌区渠道淤积机理与治理措施[C]//周孝德.第七届全国泥沙基本理论研究学术讨论会论文集.西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2008:506-511.Zhang Z H,Hu C H.Mechanism and treatment measures of channel deposition in irrigation system of the Lower Yellow River[C]//Zhou X D.Proceedings of the seventh national symposium on basic theory of sediment.Xi’an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,2008:506-511.
[25]张治晖,杨明,常晓辉,等.引黄灌区泥沙治理与地下水开发新技术[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2010.Zhang Z H,Yang M,Chang X H,et al.Sediment control in Yellow River irrigation area and new technology for groundwater development[M].Zhengzhou:The Yellow River Water Conservancy Press,2010.
[2]张广建,杨明,张虹龙,等.黄河下游引黄灌区发展历程与面临的新问题[J].水利科技与经济,2013,19(1):4-5.Zhang G J,Yang M,Zhang H L,et al.Development course and new problems faced by water diversion areas in Yellow River downstream[J].Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy,2013,19(1):4-5.
[3]张燕菁,胡春宏,张治昊.黄河下游引黄灌区泥沙灾害及治理研究[J].人民黄河,2009,31(1):72-74.Zhang Y J,Hu C H,Zhang Z H.Study on sediment disaster and its control of water diversion areas in Yellow River downstream[J].Yellow River,2009,31(1):72-74.
[4]曹文洪,戴清,方春明,等.引黄灌区水沙配置理论与关键技术研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.Cao W H,Dai Q,Fang C M,et al.Study on key technology and deployment theory of water and sediment in irrigation system of the Lower Yellow River[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2008.
[5]许晓华,田金燕,杨明,等.黄河下游引黄灌区泥沙处理模式研究[J].水利科技与经济,2012,18(2):7-8.Xu X H,Tian J Y,Yang M,et al.Study on sediment treatment model of water diversion areas in Yellow River downstream[J].Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy,2012,18(2):7-8.
[6]张长英,刘宝玉,张治昊,等.黄河口引黄灌区清淤泥沙对环境的危害方式与治理措施[J].水利科技与经济,2010,16(1):56-57.Zhang C L,Liu B Y,Zhang Z H,et al.Environmental damage patterns and control measures of desilting sediment in irrigation system of the Lower Yellow River[J].Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy,2010,16(1):56-57.
[7]刘焕芳,宗全利,刘贞姬,等.灌区高含沙输水渠道淤积成因分析[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(4):35-40.Liu H F,Zong Q L,Liu Z J,et al.Analysis of the cause for sediment deposition of high-silt conveyance channel in irrigation areas[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(4):35-40.
[8]卢红伟,王延贵,史红玲.引黄灌区水沙资源配置技术的研究[J].水利学报,2012,43(12):1405-1412.Lu H W,Wang Y G,Shi H L.Study on main techniques of water and sediment resources allocation in irrigation system of the Lower Yellow River[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(12):1405-1412.
[9]毛继新,曹文洪.引黄灌区泥沙远距离输送研究[J].水利水电技术,2009,40(3):23-26.Mao J X,Cao W H.Study on long-distance sediment transportation of Yellow River diversion irrigation district[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2009,40(3):23-26.
[10]李国元,刘春晶,付超,等.引黄灌区渠道淤积的负面影响与原因分析[J].水利经济,2008,26(6):59-60.Li G Y,Liu C J,Fu C,et al.Negative influences and causes of canal siltation in the irrigation districts of Yellow River[J].Journal of Economics of Water Resources,2008,26(6):59-60.
[11]方春明,曹文洪.引黄灌区渠网泥沙数学模型[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2008,6(2):81-85.Fang C M,Cao W H.Sediment mathematical model of canal system in the Yellow River irrigation area[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2008,6(2):81-85.
[12]周宗军,王延贵.引黄灌区泥沙资源优化配置模型及应用[J].水利学报,2010,41(9):1018-1023.Zhou Z J,Wang Y G.Optimal deployment of sediment resource in irrigation districts of Yellow River and its application[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,41(9):1018-1023.
[13]蒋如琴,彭润泽,黄永健,等.引黄渠系泥沙利用[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1998.Jiang R Q,Peng R Z,Huang Y J,et al.Sediment utilization of canal system in the Yellow River irrigation area[M].Zhengzhou:The Yellow River Water Conservancy Press,1998.
[14]蒋如琴,曹文洪.引黄灌区泥沙研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012.Jiang R Q,Cao W H.Sediment research in irrigation system of the Lower Yellow River[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2012.
[15]张治昊,姜海波,孙庆锋,等.位山灌区渠系泥沙淤积的主要问题与治理措施[J].水利经济,2009,27(3):59-60.Zhang Z H,Jiang H B,Sun Q F,et al.Main problems and countermeasures of sediment deposition in Weishan irrigation district[J].Journal of Economics of Water Resources,2009,27(3):59-60.
[16]王武卫.东雷二期抽黄工程北干渠末端淤积成因和对策探索[J].陕西水利,2015(5):180-181.Wang W W.Deposition cause and countermeasure exploration at the end of Beigan canal in Dongleichouhuang second-phase project[J].Shaanxi Water Resources,2015(5):180-181.
[17]尹拓.东雷二期抽黄灌区渠道淤积形成原因及解决对策[J].陕西水利,2010(2):154-155.Yin T.Causes of channel siltation and countermeasures in Dongleichouhuang second-phase irrigation system[J].Shaanxi Water Resources,2010(2):154-155.
[18]周宗军,王延贵.引黄灌渠复式断面输水输沙特性研究[J].泥沙研究,2008(5):71-75.Zhou Z J,Wang Y G,Study on the characteristics of flow and sediment transport in compound canal of the irrigation district in the lower Yellow River[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2008(5):71-75.
[19]吴宗信,张树明,王山河.简单易行的淤积渠道测水量水方法[J].陕西水利,1995(S1):42.Wu Z X,Zhang S M,Wang S H.Simple method for measuring water quantity and quantity of deposition channel[J].Shaanxi Water Resources,1995(S1):42.
[20]王琮璞.农田排水渠道淤积与作物减产的量化分析[J].吉林水利,2009(10):52-53.Wang C P.Quantitative analysis of siltation and crop yield reduction in farmland drainage channels[J].Jilin Water Resources,2009(10):52-53.
[21]董亚伟.简析多级抽水灌区进水渠道淤积问题[J].陕西水利,2001(S2):120-121.Dong Y W.Analysis of water diversion channel deposition in multistage pumping irrigation district[J].Shaanxi Water Resources,2001(S2):120-121.
[22]王新宏,程文,曹如轩,等.黄河中游龙潼河段一维悬移质泥沙数学模型[J].西安理工大学学报,1996(3):251-256.Wang X H,Cheng W,Cao R X,et al.l-D mathematical model for scour and deposit of suspended load in the middle reach between Longmen and Tongguan of the Yellow River[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Technology,1996(3):251-256.
[23]王新宏.冲积河道纵向冲淤和横向变形数值模拟研究及应用[D].西安:西安理工大学,2000.Wang X H.Development and application of a numerical model for bank erosion and sediment transport in alluvial rivers[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Technology,2000.
[24]张治昊,胡春宏.黄河下游引黄灌区渠道淤积机理与治理措施[C]//周孝德.第七届全国泥沙基本理论研究学术讨论会论文集.西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2008:506-511.Zhang Z H,Hu C H.Mechanism and treatment measures of channel deposition in irrigation system of the Lower Yellow River[C]//Zhou X D.Proceedings of the seventh national symposium on basic theory of sediment.Xi’an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,2008:506-511.
[25]张治晖,杨明,常晓辉,等.引黄灌区泥沙治理与地下水开发新技术[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2010.Zhang Z H,Yang M,Chang X H,et al.Sediment control in Yellow River irrigation area and new technology for groundwater development[M].Zhengzhou:The Yellow River Water Conservancy Press,2010.