冰水二相流渠道流冰输移演变规律及其安全运行措施研究
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摘要
针对我国新疆、青海地区为数众多且无法采用冰盖下输水的宽浅式渠道工程,开展冰水二相流输运机理及运行调控技术研究,对于解决这些地区冬季用水矛盾、节省工程改造投资具有重要意义。以新疆北部地区某电站引水渠为例,通过构建一维渠道冰水力学数学模型,研究渠道流冰输移和发展规律,分析气温、出库水温、输水流量等关键因素对渠道冰情的影响,并提出冰水二相流渠道的安全运行措施,对实现冰水二相流安全水力调控、解决我国西北地区冬季缺水问题具有一定参考价值。
In view of the fact that there are many wide-shallow canal projects that cannot transfer water under the ice cover in winter in Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province,we studied the transport mechanism and operation regulation techniques of ice-water two-phase flow.It has important significance to solving the problem of water shortage during winter in these areas.Taking the drainage canal of a power station in northern Xinjiang Region as a case study,we constructed a one-dimensional mechanical-mathematical model of canal ice and water to study the characteristics of ice transport and evolution.We analyzed the influence of key thermodynamic factors on ice,including air temperature,outbound water temperature,and water transfer volume.Finally,we proposed some safe operation measures for ice-water two-phase flow canal.This study has some reference value for realizing the safe hydraulic control of ice-water two-phase flow and solving the water shortage problem in winter in the northwest of China.
In view of the fact that there are many wide-shallow canal projects that cannot transfer water under the ice cover in winter in Xinjiang Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province,we studied the transport mechanism and operation regulation techniques of ice-water two-phase flow.It has important significance to solving the problem of water shortage during winter in these areas.Taking the drainage canal of a power station in northern Xinjiang Region as a case study,we constructed a one-dimensional mechanical-mathematical model of canal ice and water to study the characteristics of ice transport and evolution.We analyzed the influence of key thermodynamic factors on ice,including air temperature,outbound water temperature,and water transfer volume.Finally,we proposed some safe operation measures for ice-water two-phase flow canal.This study has some reference value for realizing the safe hydraulic control of ice-water two-phase flow and solving the water shortage problem in winter in the northwest of China.
引文
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[12]王军,倪晋,张潮.冰盖下冰花颗粒的随机运动模拟[J].合肥工业大学学报自然科学版,2008,31(2):191-195.(WANG J,NI J,ZHANG C.Simulation of random movement of ice particles under ice cover[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology(Natural Science),2008,31(2):191-195.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-5060.2008.02.008.
[13]王晓玲,周正印,蒋志勇,等.考虑气温变化影响的引水渠道水内冰演变数值模拟[J].天津大学学报,2010,43(6):515-522.(WANG X L,ZHOU Z Y,JIANG Z Y,et al.Numerical simulation of frazil ice evolution in diversion channel considering effect of temperature variation[J].Journal of Tianjin University.2010,43(6):515-522.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0493-2137.2010.06.009.
[14]蒋志勇,洪迎东,谢坤.寒冷地区某长距离引水式电站防冰冻设计[J].水利水电技术,2011,42(3):38-40.(JIANG Z Y,HONG Y D,XIE K.Anti-freezing design of along-distance diversion type hydropower station in cold region[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2011,42(3):38-40.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2011.03.013.
[15]罗志鑫.某渠道冬季长距离输水发电运行实践[J].山西建筑,2013,39(32):215-216.(LOU Z X.Concerning on the operation practiceof long-distance water delivery and power generation of the canal in winter[J].Shanxi Architecture,2013,39(32):215-216.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13719/j.cnki.cn14-1279/tu.2013.32.120.
[16]张润杰.乌鲁木齐河青年渠冬季引水冰雪堵塞解决途径探讨[J].地下水,2010,32(4):181-183.(ZHANG Y J.Solution approach ice and snow and ice blocking water in Youth Drainage of Urumqi[J].Ground Water2010,32(4):181-183.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1184.2010.04.078.
[17]SHEN H T,WANG D S,WASANTHA LAL A M.Numerical simulation of river ice processes[J].Journal of Cold Regions Engineering,ASCE,1995,9(3):107-118.DOI:10.1061/(asce)0887-381x(1995)9:3(107).
[18]EDWARD P.FOLTYN,HUNG TAO SHEN,et al.St.Lawrence River freeze-up forecast[J].Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal,and Ocean Engineering,1986,112(4):467-481.DOI:10.1061/(asce)0733-950x(1986)112:4(467).
[19]ASHTON G D.Deterioration of floating ice cover[J].Journal of Energy Resources Technology,1985(107):177-182.DOI:10.1115/1.3231173.
[2]MARTIN J,BERNARD T.Mitigation of elevated river freezeup levels by revised Flow regulation[C].CGU HS Committee on River Ice Processes and the Environment 15th Workshop on River Ice St.John′s,Newfoundland and Labrador,2009:15-17.
[3]阿达来提,侯杰,喻尚生.新疆输水工程冰害防治研究与展望[J].水利与建筑工程学,2010(3):46-49.(A DA L T,HOU J,YU S S.Study and prospect of ice damage prevention andcontrol in Xinjiang′s water conveyance projects[J].Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,2010(3):46-49.(in Chinese)).DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-1144.2010.03.013.
[4]MATOUSEK V.Types of ice run and conditions for their formation[A].IAHR Ice Symp,1984,1:315-327.
[5]OATERKAMP T E.Frazil ice formation:a review[J].Journal of the Hydraulics Division,1978,(4):1239-1255.
[6]OMSTEDTA.Modeling frazil ice and grease ice in the upper layers of the ocean[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,1985,11(1):87-98.DOI:10.1016/s0165-232x(98)00011-1.
[7]LAL A M,SHEN H T.Mathematical model for river ice processes[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1991,117(7):851-867.DOI:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1991)117:7(851).
[8]HAMMAR L,SHEN H T.Frazil evolution in channels[J].Journal of Hydraulic Research,1995,33(3):291-306.DOI:10.1080/00221689509498572.
[9]SHEN H T,WANG D S.Under cover transport and accumulation of frazil granules[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1995,120(2):184-194.DOI:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1995)121:2(184).
[10]吴剑疆,茅泽育,王爱民,等.河道中水内冰演变的数值计算[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2003,43(5):702-705.(WU J J,MAO Z Y,WANG AI M,et al.Numerical simulation of frazil ice evolut ion in rivers[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2003,43(5):702-705.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16511/j.cnki.qhdxxb.2003.05.033.
[11]茅泽育,许昕,王爱民,等.基于适体坐标变换的二维河冰模型[J].水科学进展,2008,19(2):214-223.(MAO Z Y,XU X,WANG AI M,et al.2Dnumerical model for river-ice processes based upon body-fitted coordinate[J].Advances in Water Science,2008,19(2):214-223.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-6791.2008.02.010.
[12]王军,倪晋,张潮.冰盖下冰花颗粒的随机运动模拟[J].合肥工业大学学报自然科学版,2008,31(2):191-195.(WANG J,NI J,ZHANG C.Simulation of random movement of ice particles under ice cover[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology(Natural Science),2008,31(2):191-195.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-5060.2008.02.008.
[13]王晓玲,周正印,蒋志勇,等.考虑气温变化影响的引水渠道水内冰演变数值模拟[J].天津大学学报,2010,43(6):515-522.(WANG X L,ZHOU Z Y,JIANG Z Y,et al.Numerical simulation of frazil ice evolution in diversion channel considering effect of temperature variation[J].Journal of Tianjin University.2010,43(6):515-522.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0493-2137.2010.06.009.
[14]蒋志勇,洪迎东,谢坤.寒冷地区某长距离引水式电站防冰冻设计[J].水利水电技术,2011,42(3):38-40.(JIANG Z Y,HONG Y D,XIE K.Anti-freezing design of along-distance diversion type hydropower station in cold region[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2011,42(3):38-40.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2011.03.013.
[15]罗志鑫.某渠道冬季长距离输水发电运行实践[J].山西建筑,2013,39(32):215-216.(LOU Z X.Concerning on the operation practiceof long-distance water delivery and power generation of the canal in winter[J].Shanxi Architecture,2013,39(32):215-216.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13719/j.cnki.cn14-1279/tu.2013.32.120.
[16]张润杰.乌鲁木齐河青年渠冬季引水冰雪堵塞解决途径探讨[J].地下水,2010,32(4):181-183.(ZHANG Y J.Solution approach ice and snow and ice blocking water in Youth Drainage of Urumqi[J].Ground Water2010,32(4):181-183.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1184.2010.04.078.
[17]SHEN H T,WANG D S,WASANTHA LAL A M.Numerical simulation of river ice processes[J].Journal of Cold Regions Engineering,ASCE,1995,9(3):107-118.DOI:10.1061/(asce)0887-381x(1995)9:3(107).
[18]EDWARD P.FOLTYN,HUNG TAO SHEN,et al.St.Lawrence River freeze-up forecast[J].Journal of Waterway,Port,Coastal,and Ocean Engineering,1986,112(4):467-481.DOI:10.1061/(asce)0733-950x(1986)112:4(467).
[19]ASHTON G D.Deterioration of floating ice cover[J].Journal of Energy Resources Technology,1985(107):177-182.DOI:10.1115/1.3231173.