毛乌素沙地风况及输沙势特征
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摘要
利用毛乌素沙地腹地野外实测风速风向数据,系统分析了毛乌素沙地的起沙风和输沙势的变化特征。结果表明:(1)毛乌素沙地的起沙风和输沙势主要分布在NW、NNW和N等3个方位。(2)毛乌素沙地春季(3—5月)起沙风频率和输沙势最大,分别占全年的46.23%和52.97%。(3)起沙风频率的日内变化呈单峰曲线:16:00起沙风频率最大,为22.11%。起沙风平均风速的日内变化呈双峰曲线:00:00起沙风平均风速最大,为7.84 m·s-1;14:00起沙风平均风速为7.63 m·s-1,是次峰值。(4)毛乌素沙地年输沙势为66.75 VU,按照Fryberger风能环境划分标准,属于低风能环境;方向变率指数RDP/DP为0.51,中比率,钝双峰风况,其中偏北峰值远大于偏南峰值。
Based on the field measured wind velocity and direction data in the hinterland of Mu Us Sandy Land,this paper systematically analyzed the variation characteristics of the sand-driving wind and drift potential in Mu Us Sandy Land. The results show that:( 1) The sand-driving wind and drift potential in Mu Us Sandy Land were mainly distributed in NW,NNW and N directions.( 2) The frequency of sand-driving wind and drift potential in Mu Us Sandy Land between April and May were the largest,accounted for 46.23% and 52.97% of the annual total,respectively.( 3) The diurnal variation of the sand-driving wind frequency was unimodal,and the peak value was 22.11% at 16:00. The diurnal variation of the average wind speed showed a bimodal curve: the peak value was7.84 m·s-1 at 00:00,and the secondary peak value was 7.63 m·s-1 at 14:00.( 4) The annual drift potential in Mu Us Sandy Land was 66.75 VU,which belonged to the low wind energy environment according to Fryberger's categorization standard of wind energy environment. The RDP/DP was 0.51,which belonged to medium ratio and obtuse bimodal wind condition,and the north peak value was much stronger than the south peak value.
Based on the field measured wind velocity and direction data in the hinterland of Mu Us Sandy Land,this paper systematically analyzed the variation characteristics of the sand-driving wind and drift potential in Mu Us Sandy Land. The results show that:( 1) The sand-driving wind and drift potential in Mu Us Sandy Land were mainly distributed in NW,NNW and N directions.( 2) The frequency of sand-driving wind and drift potential in Mu Us Sandy Land between April and May were the largest,accounted for 46.23% and 52.97% of the annual total,respectively.( 3) The diurnal variation of the sand-driving wind frequency was unimodal,and the peak value was 22.11% at 16:00. The diurnal variation of the average wind speed showed a bimodal curve: the peak value was7.84 m·s-1 at 00:00,and the secondary peak value was 7.63 m·s-1 at 14:00.( 4) The annual drift potential in Mu Us Sandy Land was 66.75 VU,which belonged to the low wind energy environment according to Fryberger's categorization standard of wind energy environment. The RDP/DP was 0.51,which belonged to medium ratio and obtuse bimodal wind condition,and the north peak value was much stronger than the south peak value.
引文
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[22]周淑贞,张如一,张超.气象学与气候学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[23] Zhang Z C,Dong Z B,Wen Q,et al.Wind regimes and aeolian geomorphology in the w estern and southw estern Tengger Desert,NW China[J].Geological Journal,2016,50(6):707-719.
[24]王莉萍.基于地貌学原理的巴丹吉林沙漠金字塔沙丘形态和形成过程的研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2013.
[25] Zhang Z C,Dong Z B,Li C X.Wind regime and sand transport in China’s Badain Jaran Desert[J].Aeolian Research,2015,17:1-13.
[26]王静璞,刘连友,沈玲玲.基于Google Earth的毛乌素沙地新月形沙丘移动规律研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2013,28(6):1094-1100.
[27]吴正.风沙地貌与治沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[28]董治宝,钱广强.关于土壤水分对风蚀起动风速影响研究的现状与问题[J].土壤学报,2007,44(5):934-942.
[2] Pearce K I,Walker I J.Frequency and magnitude biases in the‘Fryberger’model,with implications for characterizing geomorphically effective winds[J].Geomorphology,2005,68(1/2):39-55.
[3] Bullard J E,Thomas D S G,Livingstone I,et al. Wind energy variations in the southw estern Kalahari desert and implications for linear dunefield activity[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1996,21(3):263-278.
[4]俎瑞平,张克存,屈建军,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠地面风场特征及周边地区沙丘排列关系分析[J].应用气象学报,2005,16(4):468-475.
[5]郭洪旭,王雪芹,蒋进,等.古尔班通古特沙漠腹地输沙风能及地貌学意义[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(4):580-585.
[6]刘陶,杨小平,董巨峰,等.巴丹吉林沙漠沙丘形态与风动力关系的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(6):1285-1291.
[7]张克存,俎瑞平,屈建军,等.腾格里沙漠东南缘输沙势与最大可能输沙量之比较[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(4):605-610.
[8]鲍锋,董治宝,张正偲.柴达木盆地风沙地貌区风况特征[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(3):549-554.
[9]董治宝,苏志珠,钱广强,等.库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[10]张华,李锋瑞,李玉霖,等.科尔沁沙地奈曼旗近5年来风况及合成输沙势[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(5):623-627.
[11]王帅,哈斯.呼伦贝尔沙质草原区域风况与风蚀坑形态特征[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(3):74-76.
[12]张正偲,董治宝,赵爱国,等.输沙量与输沙势的关系[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(4):824-827.
[13]王涛.中国沙漠与沙漠化[M].石家庄:河北科学技术出版社,2003.
[14] Sweeney M R,Lu H Y,Cui M C,et al.Sand dunes as potential sources of dust in northern China[J]. Science China Earth Science,2016,59(4):760-769.
[15]董光荣,高尚玉,金炯,等.毛乌素沙漠的形成、演变和成因问题[J].中国科学(B辑),1988(6):633-642.
[16]吴波,慈龙骏.毛乌素沙地景观格局变化研究[J].生态学报,2001,21(2):191-196.
[17] Yang W B,Tang J N,Liang H R,et al.Deep soil water infiltration and its dynamic variation in the shifting sandy land of typical deserts in China[J].Science China-Earth Sciences,2014,57(8):1816-1824.
[18]王翔宇.不同配置格局沙蒿灌丛防风阻沙效果研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.
[19]吴波.毛乌素沙地的景观动态与荒漠化成因研究[D].北京:中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,1997.
[20] Fryberger S G.Dune forms and wind regime[M]//Mckee E D.A Study of Global Sand Seas.Honolulu,Haw aii,USA:University Press of the Pacific,1979.
[21]北京大学地理系.毛乌素沙区自然条件及其改良利用[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[22]周淑贞,张如一,张超.气象学与气候学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[23] Zhang Z C,Dong Z B,Wen Q,et al.Wind regimes and aeolian geomorphology in the w estern and southw estern Tengger Desert,NW China[J].Geological Journal,2016,50(6):707-719.
[24]王莉萍.基于地貌学原理的巴丹吉林沙漠金字塔沙丘形态和形成过程的研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2013.
[25] Zhang Z C,Dong Z B,Li C X.Wind regime and sand transport in China’s Badain Jaran Desert[J].Aeolian Research,2015,17:1-13.
[26]王静璞,刘连友,沈玲玲.基于Google Earth的毛乌素沙地新月形沙丘移动规律研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2013,28(6):1094-1100.
[27]吴正.风沙地貌与治沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[28]董治宝,钱广强.关于土壤水分对风蚀起动风速影响研究的现状与问题[J].土壤学报,2007,44(5):934-942.