孤北洼陷长堤断裂带扇三角洲砂砾岩体沉积特征及空间展布规律
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摘要
受多种地质作用的联合控制,断陷湖盆陡坡带内的扇三角洲型砂砾岩体在空间展布上具有较大的差异。综合利用岩心、测井和地震等资料,系统研究了孤北洼陷长堤断裂带周缘砂砾岩体的空间分布特征,分析了砂砾岩体形成的主控因素。研究表明砂砾岩体的形成主要受断层活动强度、湖平面变化和物源供给等因素控制,不同地区影响因素作用的强弱导致砂砾岩体分布的差异性。长堤断裂带北部地区断裂活动强,物源供给充足,扇体发育的规模较大,在剖面上多表现为多期垂向加积的特点,扇体前部往往发育大规模的滑塌浊积扇;南部地区断裂活动较弱,且物源供给弱,扇体发育的规模小,在剖面上表现为先退积后进积的叠加样式。受次级断层交替活动的影响,扇体在垂直物源方向上表现为多期的楔形叠加。总体上有利的相带,扇体的侧向尖灭和顶部泥岩的封堵联合控制了研究区油气的分布。
Fan delta coarse clastic rocks on steep slopes of faulted lacustrine basins have large variability in spatial distribution due to the joint control of various geological factors. Various data including core,log and seismic data are integrated to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics and the main controlling factors on formation of the fan delta coarse clastic rocks in the 2 ndto the Upper 4 thMember of the Eocene Shahejie Formation on the periphery of Changdi fault zone in Gubei sub-sag. The study results show that the development of fan delta coarse clastic rocks are controlled by the intensity of fault activity,change of lake level and sediment supply. The contributions of each influential factor are different in different areas,resulting in the differences of distribution of these fan delta coarse clastic rocks. In the northern part of Changdi fault zone,fault activities are strong and sediment supply is sufficient,thus the fan delta deposits are large in scale and are characterized by vertical aggradation of multiple stages on sectional view. In addition,large slump turbidite fans are common in fan front. On the contrary,in the southern part of the fault zone,faulting is relatively weak and sediment supply is insufficient,thus the fans are small in scale and show a superimposition pattern of early retrogradation and late progradation. Owing to the alternative activity of secondary faults,the fan delta coarse clastic rocks are characterized by wedge-shaped superimposition of multiple stages in the direction of perpendicular to provenance. In general,the distribution of oil and gas in the study area are controlled by favorable sedimentary facies zones,lateral pinch out of the fans and sealing of top mudstone.
Fan delta coarse clastic rocks on steep slopes of faulted lacustrine basins have large variability in spatial distribution due to the joint control of various geological factors. Various data including core,log and seismic data are integrated to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics and the main controlling factors on formation of the fan delta coarse clastic rocks in the 2 ndto the Upper 4 thMember of the Eocene Shahejie Formation on the periphery of Changdi fault zone in Gubei sub-sag. The study results show that the development of fan delta coarse clastic rocks are controlled by the intensity of fault activity,change of lake level and sediment supply. The contributions of each influential factor are different in different areas,resulting in the differences of distribution of these fan delta coarse clastic rocks. In the northern part of Changdi fault zone,fault activities are strong and sediment supply is sufficient,thus the fan delta deposits are large in scale and are characterized by vertical aggradation of multiple stages on sectional view. In addition,large slump turbidite fans are common in fan front. On the contrary,in the southern part of the fault zone,faulting is relatively weak and sediment supply is insufficient,thus the fans are small in scale and show a superimposition pattern of early retrogradation and late progradation. Owing to the alternative activity of secondary faults,the fan delta coarse clastic rocks are characterized by wedge-shaped superimposition of multiple stages in the direction of perpendicular to provenance. In general,the distribution of oil and gas in the study area are controlled by favorable sedimentary facies zones,lateral pinch out of the fans and sealing of top mudstone.
引文
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[2]董艳蕾,朱筱敏,耿晓洁.泌阳凹陷东南部核桃园组近岸水下扇与扇三角洲沉积特征比较及控制因素分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(2):271-279.Dong Yanlei,Zhu Xiaomin,Geng Xiaojie,et al.Sedimentary characteristics comparison and controlling factors analyses of nearshore subaqueous fan and fan delta in the Hetaoyuan Formation of southeastern Biyang Sag[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2015,36(2):271-279.
[3]林畅松,郑和荣,任建业,等.渤海湾盆地东营、沾化凹陷早第三纪同沉积断裂作用对沉积充填的控制[J].中国科学,2003,33(11):1025-1036.Lin Changsong,Zheng Herong,Ren Jianye,et al.Early Tertiary syndepositinal faults control on deposition infilling in Dongying and Zhuanhua Depressions[J].Science in China,2003,33(11):1025-1036.
[4]肖军,王华,陆永潮,等.东南盆地构造坡折带特征及其对沉积的控制作用[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(3):55-63.Xiao Jun,Wang Hua,Lu Yongchao,et al.Characteristics of structural slope-break zone and its controlling effect on sediment in the qiong dong nan basin[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2003,23(3):55-63.
[5]冯有良,徐秀生.同沉积构造坡折带对岩性油气藏富集带的控制作用-以渤海湾盆地古近系为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(1):23-25.Feng Youliang,Xu Xiusheng.Syndepositional structural slope-break zone controls on lithologic reservoirs—A case from Paleogene Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(1):23-25.
[6]刘延莉,邱春光,邓宏文,等.冀东南堡凹陷古近系东营组构造对扇三角洲的控制作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(1):95-101.Liu Yanli,Qiu Chunguang,Deng Hongwen,et al.Control of the structure of the paleogene Dongying Form ation upon fan delta deposition in the Nanpu Depression,Jidong oilfield[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(1):95-101.
[7]张建林,林畅松,郑和荣.断陷湖盆断裂-古地貌及物源对沉积体系的控制作用-以孤北洼陷沙三段为例[J].油气地质采收率,2002,9(4):24-27.Zhang Jianlin,Lin Changsong,Zheng Herong.Controlling action of fractures,palaeogeomorphology and material sources of rift lake-basin on sedimentary system-taking Es3 Gubei subsag as example[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2002,9(4):24-27.
[8]李雪梅,王伟,王娉娉,等.济阳拗陷长堤地区新生代构造特征及其演化[J].西南石油大学学报,2014,36(5):40-48.Li Xuemei,Wang Wei,Wang Pingping,et al.Cenozoic tectonic characteristics and evolution in Changdi Area of Jiyang Depression[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University,2014,36(5):40-48.
[9]王铸坤,李宇志,操应长,等.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷永北地区沙河街组三段砂砾岩粒度概率累积曲线特征及沉积环境意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(2):230-240.Wang Zhukun,Li Yuzhi,Cao Yingchang,et al.Probability cumulative grain-size distribution curves and their implications for sedimentary environment identification of coarse clastic rocks of the Es3 in Yongbei area,the Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2017,38(2):230-240.
[10]郑荣才,文华国,韩永林,等.鄂尔多斯盆地白豹地区长6油层组湖底滑塌浊积扇沉积特征及其研究意义[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2006,36(6):566-575.Zheng Rongcai,Wen Huaguo,Han Yan Yonglin,et al.Discovery and significance of sublacustrine slump turbidite fans in Chang 6 oil-bearing formation of Baibao region in Ordos Basin,China[J].Journal of Chengdou University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2006,33(6):566-575.
[11]杨剑萍,赵卫卫,姜在兴.沾化凹陷孤北油田古近系沙三段扇三角洲沉积特征及油气储层意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(2):157-161.Yang Jianping,Zhao Weiwei,Jiang Zaixing.Sedimentary characteristics and reservoir significance of eogene Es3 fan delta in gubei oilfield,zhanhua depression[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2003,24(2):157-161.
[12]张阳,回宇婷,邱隆伟,等.双断湖盆沉积特征及其控制因素研究—以孤北洼陷沙四上亚段为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(5):868-876.Zhang Yan,Hui Yuting,Qiu Longwei,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and its controlling factors of double-fault lacustrine basin:a case study of the upper 4th member of Shahejie formation in Gubei depression[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2015,44(5):868-876.
[13]王永诗,庄文山.孤北洼陷沙三、四段沉积体系分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2003,10(3):35-37Wang Yongshi,Zhuang Wenshan.Analysis on sedimentary system in Es3and Es4of Gubei subsag[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2003,10(3):35-37.
[14]史文东,赵卫卫.沾化凹陷孤北洼陷下第三系沙三段扇三角洲沉积体系及其与油气聚集的关系[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(2):15-18.Shi Wendong,Zhao Weiwei,Sedimentary characteristics of fan-deltaic depositional system in third member of Shahejie formation in Gubei oil field[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Edition of Natural Science),2003,27(2):15-18.