夏热冬冷地区绿色建筑的节能效益
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摘要
针对目前常用绿色建筑节能技术及夏热冬冷气候特点,以案例形式分别对围护结构性能改善、能源综合利用等技术应用的效果进行分析,量化了绿色建筑节能技术的应用效益。研究结果表明:在目前常用的绿色建筑节能技术中,集中空调系统排风全热回收技术节能效益最大,达到35%节能率,过渡季节充分利用新风,会带来10%的节能率;合理设置可调节外遮阳和改变围护结构热工性能,可产生7%左右的节能率;采用光控措施控制照明系统,可形成12.3%的节能率;绿色建筑节能技术的选择及其应用效果受技术相互关联性影响较大,节能方案需要整体综合考量;节能技术的应用可使建筑在现行节能标准基础上再实现46.9%的节能率,达到建筑节能75%的要求。
In terms of the common green buildings techniques obtained from statistics and climate features of hot-summer and cold-winter zone in China,a case study has been done.The effects of techniques,such as the enhancement of the performance of building envelope,energy comprehensive utilization,have been analyzed.The results show that the energy-saving benefit from total heat recovery of exhaust air which reaches 35% is the biggest in those common green buildings techniques;the utilization of fresh air in interim can save 10% energy;it could save as much as 7% energy by the means of setting adjustable exterior shading or improving the thermal performance of building envelop;the energy-saving rate of light control is 12.3%,etc.The study indicates that the energy efficiency of green buildings techniques interact with each other.Therefore,a comprehensive consideration of an energy conservation scheme of green buildings must be taken.The results show comparing with the requirements of current energy-saving standards,the whole energy efficiency of green buildings can achieve 46.9%,which can save energy by75% compared with the reference building in the current energy-saving standards.
In terms of the common green buildings techniques obtained from statistics and climate features of hot-summer and cold-winter zone in China,a case study has been done.The effects of techniques,such as the enhancement of the performance of building envelope,energy comprehensive utilization,have been analyzed.The results show that the energy-saving benefit from total heat recovery of exhaust air which reaches 35% is the biggest in those common green buildings techniques;the utilization of fresh air in interim can save 10% energy;it could save as much as 7% energy by the means of setting adjustable exterior shading or improving the thermal performance of building envelop;the energy-saving rate of light control is 12.3%,etc.The study indicates that the energy efficiency of green buildings techniques interact with each other.Therefore,a comprehensive consideration of an energy conservation scheme of green buildings must be taken.The results show comparing with the requirements of current energy-saving standards,the whole energy efficiency of green buildings can achieve 46.9%,which can save energy by75% compared with the reference building in the current energy-saving standards.
引文
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[14]秦佑国,林波荣,朱颖心.中国绿色建筑评估体系研究[J].建筑学报,2007(3):69.QIN Y G,LIN B R,ZHU Y X.Analysis on the evaluation system for green buildings in China[J].Architectural Journal,2007(3):69.(in Chinese)
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[16]GABAY H,MEIRI A,SCHWARTZ M,et al.Costbenefit analysis of green buildings:An israeli office buildings case study[J].Energy and Buildings,2014,76(2):558-564.
[17]MI J K,OH M W,KIM J T.A method for evaluating the performance of green buildings with a focus on user experience[J].Energy and Buildings,2013,66:203-210.
[18]孙大明,邵文晞,李菊.我国绿色建筑成本增量调查分析[J].建设科技,2009(6):34-37.SUN D M,ZHAO W X,LI J.Investigation on cost increment of green buildings in China[J].Construction Science and Technology,2009(6):34-37.(in Chinese)
[19]叶祖达.低碳绿色建筑:从政策到经济成本效益分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.YE Z D.Low-carbon and green buildings:from policies to economic cost analysis[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2013.(in Chinese)
[20]ESPINOZA O,BUEHLMANN U,SMITH B.Forest certification and green building standards:overview and use in the U.S.hardwood industry[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2012,33(6):30-41.
[21]DING G.Life cycle assessment(LCA)of sustainable building materials:an overview[J].Eco-Efficient Construction and Building Materials,2014,38-62.
[22]叶祖达,李宏军,宋凌.中国绿色建筑技术经济成本效益分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版,2013.YE Z D,LI H J,SONG L.Cost-benefit analysis on green buildings techniques in China[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2013.(in Chinese)
[23]中国建筑科学研究院.公共建筑节能设计标准:GB50189—2005[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.China Academic of Building Research.Design standard for energy efficiency of public buildings:GB 50189-2005[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[24]中国建筑科学研究院.民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范:GB 50736—2012[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.China Academic of Building Research.Design code for heating ventilation and air conditioning of civil buildings:GB 50736-2012[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[2]中华人民共和国中央人民政府.国务院关于加快发展节能环保产业的意见[EB/OL].(2013-08-11)[2014-01-15].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2013-08/11/content_2464241.htm.The Central People’S Government of The People’s Republic of China.Proposal on accelerated development of the energy conservation and environmental protection industries by the state council of China[EB/OL].(2013-08-11)[2014-01-15].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2013-08/11/content_2464241.htm.(in Chinese)
[3]中华人民共和国中央人民政府国务院办公厅.关于转发发展改革委住房城乡建设部绿色建筑行动方案的通知[EB/OL].(2013-08-11)[2014-01-15].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2013-01/06/content_2305793.htm.The Central People’s Government of The People’s Republic of China.Green buildings action plan[EB/OL].(2013-08-11)[2014-01-15].http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2013-01/06/content_2305793.htm.(in Chinese)
[4]江亿.我国建筑能耗现状及有效的节能途径[J].暖通空调,2005,35(5):30-40.JIANG Y.Energy consumption in China and effective energy saving approaches[J].Heating Ventilating&Air Conditioning,2005,35(5):30-40.(in Chinese)
[5]任俊,刘加平.基准能耗指标与节能设计[C]//全国建筑节能技术与设计学术会议论文集,2005:88-93.REN J,LIU J P.Basis energy consumption index and energy saving[C]//Proceedings of the Conference on the Building Energy Saving Techniques and Design,2005:88-93.(in Chinese)
[6]JIM C Y.Air-conditioning energy consumption due to green roofs with different building thermal insulation[J].Applied Energy,2014,128(1):49-59.
[7]马素贞,龙惟定.节能效果的测量与评价[J].暖通空调,2009,39(8):85-91.MA S Z,LONG W D.Measure and evaluation on energy efficiency[J].Heating Ventilating&Air Conditioning,2009,39(8):85-91.(in Chinese)
[8]张旭,李魁山.几个节能措施对夏热冬冷地区居住建筑能耗的敏感性分析[J].暖通空调,2008,38(7):10-14.ZHANG X,LI K S.Sensitivity analysis on energy consumption for residential buildings affected by several energy-saving measures[J].Heating Ventilating&Air Conditioning,2008,38(7):10-14.(in Chinese)
[9]余晓平,付祥钊,廖小烽.浅析夏热冬冷地区低能耗住宅技术路线[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2008,30(6):116-119.YU X P,FU X Z,LIAO X F.Analysis on technology routes to residential buildings with low energy consumption in hot-summer and cold-winter zone[J].Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2008,30(6):116-119.(in Chinese)
[10]林波荣,肖娟.我国绿色建筑常用节能技术后评估比较研究[J].暖通空调,2012,42(10):20-25.LIN B R,XIAO J.Post-evaluation on energy-saving techniques in green buildings in China[J].Heating Ventilating&Air Conditioning,2012,42(10):20-25.(in Chinese)
[11]VAKILOROAYA V,SAMALI B,PISHGHADAM K.A comparative study on the effect of different strategies for energy saving of air-cooled vapor compression air conditioning systems[J].Energy and Buildings,2014,74(7):163-172.
[12]BALLARINI I,CORGNATI P S,CORRADO V.Use of reference buildings to assess the energy saving potentials of the residential building stock:The experience of TABULA project[J].Energy Policy,2014,68:273-284.
[13]支家强,赵靖,辛亚娟.国内外绿色建筑评价体系及其理论分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2010,23(2):43-47.ZHI J Q,ZHAN J,XIN Y J.Theoretical analysis on evaluation systems on green buildings both in China and abroad[J].Urban Environment&Urban Ecology,2010,23(2):43-47.(in Chinese)
[14]秦佑国,林波荣,朱颖心.中国绿色建筑评估体系研究[J].建筑学报,2007(3):69.QIN Y G,LIN B R,ZHU Y X.Analysis on the evaluation system for green buildings in China[J].Architectural Journal,2007(3):69.(in Chinese)
[15]武涌,刘长滨.中国建筑节能经济激励政策研究[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.WU Y,LIU C B.Analysis on economy prompting policy for building energy saving in China[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2007.(in Chinese)
[16]GABAY H,MEIRI A,SCHWARTZ M,et al.Costbenefit analysis of green buildings:An israeli office buildings case study[J].Energy and Buildings,2014,76(2):558-564.
[17]MI J K,OH M W,KIM J T.A method for evaluating the performance of green buildings with a focus on user experience[J].Energy and Buildings,2013,66:203-210.
[18]孙大明,邵文晞,李菊.我国绿色建筑成本增量调查分析[J].建设科技,2009(6):34-37.SUN D M,ZHAO W X,LI J.Investigation on cost increment of green buildings in China[J].Construction Science and Technology,2009(6):34-37.(in Chinese)
[19]叶祖达.低碳绿色建筑:从政策到经济成本效益分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.YE Z D.Low-carbon and green buildings:from policies to economic cost analysis[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2013.(in Chinese)
[20]ESPINOZA O,BUEHLMANN U,SMITH B.Forest certification and green building standards:overview and use in the U.S.hardwood industry[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2012,33(6):30-41.
[21]DING G.Life cycle assessment(LCA)of sustainable building materials:an overview[J].Eco-Efficient Construction and Building Materials,2014,38-62.
[22]叶祖达,李宏军,宋凌.中国绿色建筑技术经济成本效益分析[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版,2013.YE Z D,LI H J,SONG L.Cost-benefit analysis on green buildings techniques in China[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2013.(in Chinese)
[23]中国建筑科学研究院.公共建筑节能设计标准:GB50189—2005[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.China Academic of Building Research.Design standard for energy efficiency of public buildings:GB 50189-2005[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[24]中国建筑科学研究院.民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范:GB 50736—2012[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.China Academic of Building Research.Design code for heating ventilation and air conditioning of civil buildings:GB 50736-2012[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2005.(in Chinese)