工程结构全寿命设计绿色指标体系构建
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摘要
工程结构的绿色设计和绿色评价存在共性,在已建立的可持续发展工程结构全寿命周期设计理论体系基础上,参考国内外的绿色建筑评价体系,根据其共性构建了工程结构全寿命设计的绿色指标体系。该体系包含了三个指标,即以所处环境为对象的"环境评价指标"、以人为对象的"用户及社会满意度指标"和以区域和全球生态系统为对象的"可持续发展指标"。工程结构的全寿命设计传统指标是对现行设计方法的扩展和延伸,而绿色指标则是独立于传统设计方法体系之外的新体系,体现了全寿命设计方法的人文关怀和对自然的责任。为了将工程结构全寿命活动的环境和生态影响控制到最低水平,并使相关人群的利益最大化,通过指标分层、指标分类和权重分析,建立了建筑结构全寿命绿色设计指标体系。针对沿海高速公路桥梁结构的结构形式、用途和所处环境,构建了其全寿命设计绿色指标体系框架。
The green design and green evaluation of engineering structures are two similar processes. Based on the theory of life-cycle design of sustainable engineering structures, the life-cycle design green indicator system of engineering structures was established,taking the similarities of structures' green evaluation systems from home and abroad as references. The green indicator system contains three indexes: the environment-oriented ‘environmental evaluation index ',the human-oriented ‘user and social satisfaction index ',and ecosystem-oriented ‘sustainable development index '. The traditional indicator system of life-cycle design is an extension to the current structural design method,while the green indicator system is a brand new one established beyond it,which represents the humanities concern and natural responsibilities of the structural life-cycle design theory. By analytic hierarchy process,classification and weighting analysis,detailed green indicators were proposed for the life-cycle design of building structures,so as to minimize the impacts of engineering activities on environment and ecosystem,and simultaneously maximize the benefits to relevant populations. The life-cycle design green indicator system of coastal highway bridges was constructed,considering the specific structural forms,purposes and environments.
The green design and green evaluation of engineering structures are two similar processes. Based on the theory of life-cycle design of sustainable engineering structures, the life-cycle design green indicator system of engineering structures was established,taking the similarities of structures' green evaluation systems from home and abroad as references. The green indicator system contains three indexes: the environment-oriented ‘environmental evaluation index ',the human-oriented ‘user and social satisfaction index ',and ecosystem-oriented ‘sustainable development index '. The traditional indicator system of life-cycle design is an extension to the current structural design method,while the green indicator system is a brand new one established beyond it,which represents the humanities concern and natural responsibilities of the structural life-cycle design theory. By analytic hierarchy process,classification and weighting analysis,detailed green indicators were proposed for the life-cycle design of building structures,so as to minimize the impacts of engineering activities on environment and ecosystem,and simultaneously maximize the benefits to relevant populations. The life-cycle design green indicator system of coastal highway bridges was constructed,considering the specific structural forms,purposes and environments.
引文
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[18]支家强,赵靖,辛亚娟.国内外绿色建筑评价体系及其理论分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2010,29(2):43-47.(ZHI Jiaqiang,ZHAO Jing,XIN Yajuan.Domestic and overseas green building assessment systems and its theoretical analysis[J].Urban Environment&Urban Ecology,2010,29(2):43-47.(in Chinese))
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[2]陆凯安.我国建筑垃圾的现状与综合利用[J].施工技术,1999,28(5):44-45.(LU Kaian.Status quo and comprehensive utilization of refuse produced from construction and removal of buildings in China[J].Construction Technology,1999,28(5):44-45.(in Chinese))
[3]于萍,陈效逑,马禄义.住宅建筑生命周期碳排放研究综述.[J].建筑科学,2011,27(4):9-12.(YU Ping,CHEN Xiaoqiu,MA Luyi.Review on studies of life cycle carbon emission from residential buildings[J].Building Science,2011,27(4):9-12.(in Chinese))
[4]ISO.Environmental management:life cycle assessment-goal and scope definition and inventory analysis:ISO 14041[S].Brussel:International Organization for Standardization,1998.
[5]陈江红,苏振民,李德智.住宅建筑全生命周期环境影响的定量评价[C]//第十一届中国管理科学学术年会论文集.北京:中国管理科学,2009:70-76.(CHEN Jianghong,SU Zhenmin,LI Dezhi.Quantitative evaluation of residential building life cycle environmental impact[C]//The 11th Annual Academic Conference of Chinese Management Science Society.Beijing:Chinese Journal of Management Science,2009:70-76.(in Chinese))
[6]U.S.Green Building Council(USGBC).LEED for new construction&major renovation v3.0.[EB/OL].(2014-09-29)[2015-03-17].https://www.usgbc.org/articles/federal-guiding-principles-new-construction-andmajor-renovations.
[7]CASBEE.CASBEE for new construction,comprehensive assessment system for building environmental efficiency,technical manual[EB/OL].(2014-05-27)[2015-03-17].http://www.ibec.or.jp/CASBEE/english/index.htm.
[8]BREEAM.BREEAM international new construction technical manual[EB/OL].(2014-09-04)[2015-03-17].http://www.breeam.org/BREEAMInt2013Scheme Document/#../../bre_Print Output/BREEAM_International_1_0.pdf.
[9]绿色建筑评价标准:GB/T 50375—2006[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.(Assessment standard for green building:GB/T 50375—2006[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[10]绿色建筑评价标准:GB/T 50375—2014[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.(Assessment standard for green building:GB/T 50375—2014[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2014.(in Chinese))
[11]胡琦忠.工程结构全寿命周期设计理论的核心指标研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009:24-32.(HU Qizhong.Key indicators of design theory on engineering structures in the whole life-cycle[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2009:24-32.(in Chinese))
[12]钟小平,金伟良.工程结构全寿命周期设计框架研究[C]//自主创新与持续增长第十一届中国科协年会论文集(2).北京:中国科学技术协会,2009:1-7.(ZHONG Xiaoping,JIN Weiliang.Research on design framework of engineering structures in whole life-cycle[C]//Proceedings of the 11th Annual Academic Conference of China Association for Science and Technology(2).Beijing:China Association for Science and Technology,2009:1-7.(in Chinese))
[13]金伟良,钟小平.可持续发展工程结构全寿命周期设计理论体系研究[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(3):100-107.(JIN Weiliang,ZHONG Xiaoping.Sustainable development-oriented design theory of engineering structures in whole life-cycle[J].Engineering Sciences,2012,14(3):100-107.(in Chinese))
[14]金伟良,牛荻涛.工程结构耐久性与全寿命设计理论[J].工程力学,2011,28(2):31-37.(JIN Weiliang,NIU Ditao.The state-of-the-art on durability and life-cycle design theory of engineering structures[J].Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(2):31-37.(in Chinese))
[15]钟小平,金伟良.混凝土结构全寿命性能设计理论框架研究[J].工业建筑,2013,43(8):1-9.(ZHONG Xiaoping,JIN Weiliang.Framework of design theory of whole life-cycle performance in concrete structure[J].Industrial Construction,2013,43(8):1-9.(in Chinese))
[16]金伟良,钟小平.结构全寿命的耐久性与安全性,适用性的关系[J].建筑结构学报,2009,30(6):1-7.(JIN Weiliang,ZHONG Xiaoping.Relationship of structural durability with structural safety and serviceability in whole life-cycle[J].Journal of Building Structures,2009,30(6):1-7.(in Chinese))
[17]钟小平,金伟良.混凝土结构全寿命设计指标体系研究[J].海洋工程,2014,32(3):55-64.(ZHONG Xiaoping,JIN Weiliang.Index system for life-cycle design of concrete structure[J].The Ocean Engineering,2014,32(3):55-64.(in Chinese))
[18]支家强,赵靖,辛亚娟.国内外绿色建筑评价体系及其理论分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2010,29(2):43-47.(ZHI Jiaqiang,ZHAO Jing,XIN Yajuan.Domestic and overseas green building assessment systems and its theoretical analysis[J].Urban Environment&Urban Ecology,2010,29(2):43-47.(in Chinese))
[19]李涛.基于性能表现的中国绿色建筑评价体系研究[D].天津:天津大学,2012:164-166.(LI Tao.Studies on performance-based green building assessment system in China[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2012:164-166.(in Chinese))
[20]杨文.我国绿色建筑评估体系的探索研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008:19.(YANG Wen.Study on green building assessment system in China[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2008:19.(in Chinese))