土族民间宗教中神职人员的调查与研究——以互助土族社区为例
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摘要
民间宗教是构成土族文化的主要支柱,土族民间宗教有着完整的象征体系、组织结构和仪式,对该民族社区的社会构成有着重要影响。而民间宗教中的神职人员有着独特的传承体系,在各种宗教仪式中扮演着不同的角色,他们不仅在促进个体的社会化、传承传统文化方面有着重要影响,与此同时,在促进该社区的社会价值整合,维护社会秩序,稳定和协调整个社区中发挥着重要功能。
The folk belief is a main pillar of Tu culture, which has a full symbolic system, organization and rites that has a great influence on its social organizing. The clergy of folk religion has a whole inheriting system, and play different roles in religious rites. They not only help to promote the process of individual's socialization and also to inherit the traditional culture. At the same time,they have positive influence on promoting the social value integration, maintaining the social stability and keeping the balance of the whole community.
The folk belief is a main pillar of Tu culture, which has a full symbolic system, organization and rites that has a great influence on its social organizing. The clergy of folk religion has a whole inheriting system, and play different roles in religious rites. They not only help to promote the process of individual's socialization and also to inherit the traditional culture. At the same time,they have positive influence on promoting the social value integration, maintaining the social stability and keeping the balance of the whole community.
引文
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[2]Johnson,David.Ed.1995.Ritual and Scripture in Chinese Popular Religion:Five Studies.Berkeley,CA:Chinese Popular Culture Project.
[3]Sangren,Steven.1987.History and Magical Power in a Chinese Community,Stanford Press.
[4]Willer,Robert.1980.Unity and Diversity in Chinese Religious Ideology,?Johns Hopkins University.
[5]Schipper,Kritofer.1995[1977].Neighborhood cult associations in traditional Tainan.In:Skinner,G.(Ed.),The City in Late Imperial China.SMC Publishing,Taipei,pp.651 1-678.
[6]Berling,Judith 1980.A.The Syncretic Religion of Lin Chao-En.New York:Columbia University Press.
[7]Dean,Kenneth.1993.Taoism and Popular Cults in Southeast Chain,Princeton.
[8]Lagerwey,John.2010.China:A Religious State.Hong Kong:Hong Kong University,
[9]Cooper,Eugene.2013.“Market,Popular Culture,and Popular Religion in Contemporary China:The Market/Temple Fairs of Jinhua.”In Asian Popular Culture in Transition,ed.Lorna Fitzsimmons&John A.Lent,15-37.London;New York:Routledge.
[10]Goossaert,Vincent.2013.“The Local Politics of Festivals:Hangzhou,1850-1950.”Daoism:Religion,History&Society(5):57-80.
[11]Li,Lan.2015.Popular Religion in Modern China:The New Role of Nuo.Farnham,Surrey:Ashgate Publishing Company.
[12]Fenchtwang,Stephen.2001.Popular Religions in China:The Imperial Metaphor.Richmond,Surrey:Curzon Press.
[13]Goossaert,Vincent&Palmer,David.2011.The Religious Question in Modem China.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
[14]Chau,Adam Yuet.2006.Miraculous Response:Doing Popular Religion in Contemporary China.Stanford:StanfordUniversity Press.
[15]高丙中.作为非物质文化遗产研究课题的民间信仰[J].江西社会科学,2007,(3).
[16]薛正昌.秦汉风俗与“祀典”及其民间信仰演变——以宁夏固原历史经历与民间信仰变迁为例[J].兰州大学学报,2010,(6).
[17]李海龙,陈勇.陕北榆林地区民间宗教信仰历史变迁与现状研究[J].榆林学院学报,2014,(1).
[18]林国平.关于中国民间信仰研究的几个问题[J].民俗研究,2007,(1).
[19][比利时]许让神父.甘肃土人的婚姻[M].费孝通,王同惠,译.沈阳:辽宁教育出版社,1998.
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[21]Stuart,Kevin and Hu,Jun.1991."The TuFala:trance mediums of northwest China."Shaman's Drum,23:28-35.
[22]陈景源,庞涛,满都尔图.青海省同仁地区民间宗教考察报告[J].西北民族研究,1999,(1).
[23]范玉梅.土族宗教信仰述略[J].世界宗教研究,1997,(1).
[24]李钟霖,李敏.土族宗教习俗与藏传佛教[J].中国土族,1998,(7).
[25]鄂崇荣.青海民间信仰[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2016.
[26]文忠祥.神圣的文化建构一土族民间信仰研究[J].北京:人民出版社,2012.
[27]吕建福.土族中的萨满教遗俗田.社会科学参考,1985,(24).
[28]彭书麟.神佛灵光与土族文化[J].青海民族学院学报,1990,(2).
[29]李巍.土族神话中蕴含的萨满文化成份田.青海民族学院学报,2000,(2).
[30]房建昌.土族地区的白虎祭[J].西北民族研究,1990,(2).
[31]桑吉仁谦.“金蛙”及原始图腾考——土族古文化探源[J].中国土族,2004,(3).
[32]杨卫,杨德.土族“神箭”崇拜初探[J].青海民族学院学报,2005,(1).
[33][35]马光星,辛玉琴.土族“於我菟”舞与彝族的虎节[J].青海师大学报,1996,(4).
[34]李存福.“梆梆会”及其来源探索[J].青海社会科学,1991,(1).
[36]刘凯.跳“於菟”:古羌人崇虎图腾意识的活化石[J].民族艺术,1993,(3).
[37]马海寿.从辛家“法会”看土族萨满遗风[J].青海民族研究,2002,(3).
[38]邢海燕,马自祥.土族傩文化探微[J].西北第二民族大学学报,2006,(3).
[39]蔡秀清.土族民间宗教“勃”及其民俗功能分析[J].西北民族大学学报,2007,(3).
[40]Durkheim,Emile,translated by Joseph Swain.1912.?The Elementary Forms of the religious life.London:George Allen&Unwin Ltd.
[41]Parsons,Talcott.1960.Structure and Process in Modern Societies.Glencoe:The Free Press.