提高肝移植边缘供肝质量的研究进展
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摘要
由于等待肝移植的患者越来越多,而可用于移植的肝脏严重短缺,故提高边缘供肝的质量对于增加供肝来源具有重要意义。提高边缘供肝质量的最新研究包括对供体的药物干预及循环支持、肝脏保存液的改进、机械灌注的尝试和更加合适的保存温度以及气态氧灌注的进一步改进。但其中大部分都局限在动物研究阶段,其与临床应用还存在一定的差距。该文就提高边缘供肝质量的研究新进展予以综述。
There is a contradiction between the increasing patients waiting for liver transplantation and the shortage of donor liver,it is important to increasing the number of donor livers by improving the quality of the marginal donor liver. The new researches of improving the quality of the marginal donor liver include: the medication and the circulation support for the donor,the modified preserving solution,the use of machine perfusion preservation,the research of the best temperature for liver graft storage and the improving of gaseous oxygen perfusion.However,most of the researches are still in animal experiment stage,where a certain gap still exist to clinical application. Here is to make a review of the recent progress in improving the quality of marginal donor liver.
There is a contradiction between the increasing patients waiting for liver transplantation and the shortage of donor liver,it is important to increasing the number of donor livers by improving the quality of the marginal donor liver. The new researches of improving the quality of the marginal donor liver include: the medication and the circulation support for the donor,the modified preserving solution,the use of machine perfusion preservation,the research of the best temperature for liver graft storage and the improving of gaseous oxygen perfusion.However,most of the researches are still in animal experiment stage,where a certain gap still exist to clinical application. Here is to make a review of the recent progress in improving the quality of marginal donor liver.
引文
[1]Fernandez-Merino FJ,Nuno-Garza J,Lopez-Hervas P,et al.Donor age as a risk factor for patient survival in the liver transplant[J].Transplant Proc,2003,35(5):1795-1797.
[2]Mc Cormack L,Dutkowski P,El-Badry AM,et al.Liver transplantation using fatty livers:always feasible?[J].J Hepatol,2011,54(5):1055-1062.
[3]Merion RM,Pelletier SJ,Goodrich N,et al.Donation after cardiac death as a strategy to increase deceased donor liver availability[J].Ann Surg,2006,244(4):555-562.
[4]Selzner M,Clavien PA.Fatty liver in liver transplantation and surgery[J].Semin Liver Dis,2001,21(1):105-113.
[5]Foley DP,Fernandez LA,Leverson G,et al.Biliary complications after liver transplantation from donation after cardiac death donors:an analysis of risk factors and long-term outcomes from a single center[J].Ann Surg,2011,253(4):817-825.
[6]Grewal HP,Willingham DL,Nguyen J,et al.Liver transplantation using controlled donation after cardiac death donors:an analysis of a large single center experience[J].Liver Transpl,2009,15(9):1028-1035.
[7]Hafez T,Moussa M,Nesim I,et al.The effect of intraportal prostaglandin E1 on adhesion molecule expression,inflammatory modulator function,and histology in canine hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury[J].J Surg Res,2007,138(1):88-99.
[8]Hara Y,Akamatsu Y,kobayashi Y,et al.Perfusion using oxygenated buffer containing prostaglandin E1 before cold preservation prevents warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in liver grafts from nonheart-beating donors[J].Transplant Proc,2010,42(10):3973-3976.
[9]Hara Y,Akamatsu Y,Maida K,et al.A new liver graft preparation method for uncontrolled non-heart-beating donors,combining short oxygenated warm perfusion and prostaglandin E1[J].J Surg Res,2013,184(2):1134-1142.
[10]Padrissa-Altes S,Zaouali MA,Boncompagni E,et al.The use of a reversible proteasome inhibitor in a model of Reduced-Size Orthotopic Liver transplantation in rats[J].Exp Mol Pathol,2012,93(1):99-110.
[11]Wang CC,Wang SH,Lin CC,et al.Liver transplantation from an uncontrolled non-heart-beating donor maintained on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation[J].Transplant Proc,2005,37(10):4331-4333.
[12]Noormohamed MS,Kanwar A,Ray C,et al.Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for resuscitation of deceased cardiac donor livers for hepatocyte isolation[J].J Surg Res,2013,183(2):39-48.
[13]Bardag-Gorce F.Proteasome inhibitor treatment in alcoholic liver disease[J].World J Gastroenterol,2011,17(20):2558-2562.
[14]Zaouali MA,Bardag-Gorce F,Carbonell T,et al.Proteasome inhibitors protect the steatotic and non-steatotic liver graft against cold ischemia reperfusion injury[J].Exp Mol Pathol,2013,94(2):352-359.
[15]Zaouali MA,Ben Mosbah I,Padrissa-Altes S,et al.Relevance of epidermal growth factor to improve steatotic liver preservation in IGL-1 solution[J].Transplant Proc,2010,42(8):3070-3075.
[16]Abbas R,Kombu RS,Dignam D,et al.Polyethylene glycol modifiedalbumin enhances the cold preservation properties of University of Wisconsin solution in rat liver and a hepatocyte cell line[J].J Surg Res,2010,164(1):95-104.
[17]Ishima Y,Shinagawa T,Yoneshige S,et al.UW solution improved with high anti-apoptotic activity by S-nitrosated human serum albumin[J].Nitric Oxide,2013,30:36-42.
[18]Guarrera JV,Henry SD,Chen SW,et al.Hypothermic machine preservation attenuates ischemia/reperfusion markers after liver transplantation:preliminary results[J].J Surg Res,2011,167(2):365-373.
[19]Shigeta T,Matsuno N,Obara H,et al.Functional recovery of donation cardiac death liver graft by continuous machine perfusion preservation in pigs[J].Transplant Proc,2012,44(4):946-947.
[20]Fondevila C,Hessheimer AJ,Maathuis MH,et al.Hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion in porcine donation after circulatory determination of death liver transplant[J].Transplantation,2012,94(1):22-29.
[21]Vairetti M,Ferrigno A,Rizzo V,et al.Subnormothermic machine perfusion protects against rat liver preservation injury:a comparative evaluation with conventional cold storage[J].Transplant Proc,2007,39(6):1765-1767.
[22]Guarrera JV,Henry SD,Samstein B,et al.Hypothermic machine preservation in human liver transplantation:the first clinical series[J].Am J Transplant,2010,10(2):372-381.
[23]Xu H,Zhang JX,Jones JW,et al.Hypothermic machine perfusion of rat livers preserves endothelial cell function[J].Transplant Proc,2005,37(1):335-337.
[24]Minor T,Luer B,Efferz P.Dopamine improves hypothermic machine preservation of the liver[J].Cryobiology,2011,63(2):84-89.
[25]Monzen K,Hosoda T,Hayashi D,et al.The use of a supercooling refrigerator improves the preservation of organ grafts[J].Biochem Biophys Res commun,2005,337(2):534-539.
[26]Charrueau C,Neveux N,Chaumeil JC,et al.Best temperature for static liver graft storage is 1℃[J].J Surg Res,2013,180(2):322-329.
[27]Olschewski P,Gass P,Ariyakhagorn V,et al.The influence of storage temperature during machine perfusion on preservation quality of marginal donor livers[J].Cryobiology,2010,60(3):337-343.
[28]Gringeri E,Bonsignore P,Bassi D,et al.Subnormothermic machine perfusion for non-heart-beating donor liver grafts preservation in a Swine model:a new strategy to increase the donor pool?[J].Transplant Proc,2012,44(7):2026-2028.
[29]Ferrigno A,Rizzo V,Boncompagni E,et al.Machine perfusion at20℃reduces preservation damage to livers from non-heart beating donors[J].Cryobiology,2011,62(2):152-158.
[30]Vairetti M,Ferrigno A,Carlucci F,et al.Subnormothermic machine perfusion protects steatotic livers against preservation injury:a potential for donor pool increase?[J].Liver Transpl,2009,15(1):20-29.
[31]Minor T,Isselhard W.Synthesis of high energy phosphates during cold ischemic rat liver preservation with gaseous oxygen insufflation[J].Transplantation,1996,61(1):20-22.
[32]Minor T,Saad S,Nagelschmidt M,et al.Successful transplantation of porcine livers after warm ischemic insult in situ and cold preservation including postconditioning with gaseous oxygen[J].Transplantation,1998,65(9):1262-1264.
[33]Treckmann J,Minor T,Saad S,et al.Retrograde oxygen persufflation preservation of human livers:a pilot study[J].Liver Transpl,2008,14(3):358-364.
[34]Minor T,Stegemann J,Hirner A,et al.Impaired autophagic clearance after cold preservation of fatty livers correlates with tissue necrosis upon reperfusion and is reversed by hypothermic reconditioning[J].Liver Transpl,2009,15(7):798-805.
[35]Koetting M,Dombrowski F,Minor T.No synergistic effect of carbon monoxide and oxygen during static gaseous persufflation preservation of DCD liver[J].J Surg Res,2011,171(2):859-864.
[36]Tapuria N,Kumar Y,Habib MM,et al.Remote ischemic preconditioning:a novel protective method from ischemia reperfusion injurya review[J].J Surg Res,2008,150(2):304-330.
[37]Kanoria S,Jalan R,Davies NA,et al.Remote ischaemic preconditioning of the hind limb reduces experimental liver warm ischaemia-reperfusion injury[J].Br J Surg,2006,93(6):762-768.
[38]Eltzschig HK,Sitkovsky MV,Robson SC.Purinergic signaling during inflammation[J].N Engl J Med,2012,367(24):2322-2333.
[39]Colgan SP,Eltzschig HK.Adenosine and hypoxia-inducible factor signaling in intestinal injury and recovery[J].Annu Rev Physiol,2012,74:153-175.
[40]Zhong Z,Ramshesh VK,Rehman H,et al.Activation of the oxygensensing signal cascade prevents mitochondrial injury after mouse liver ischemia-reperfusion[J].Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2008,295(4):823-832.
[41]Chen X,Su C,Zhang ZY,et al.Hemo oxygenase-1 induction in vitro and in vivo can yield pancreas islet xenograft survival and improve islet function[J].Chin Med J(Engl),2011,124(20):3378-3385.
[42]Kato H,Amersi F,Buelow R,et al.Hemo oxygenase-1 overexpression protects livers from ischemia/reperfusion injury with extended cold preservation[J].Am J Transplant,2001,1(2):121-128.
[2]Mc Cormack L,Dutkowski P,El-Badry AM,et al.Liver transplantation using fatty livers:always feasible?[J].J Hepatol,2011,54(5):1055-1062.
[3]Merion RM,Pelletier SJ,Goodrich N,et al.Donation after cardiac death as a strategy to increase deceased donor liver availability[J].Ann Surg,2006,244(4):555-562.
[4]Selzner M,Clavien PA.Fatty liver in liver transplantation and surgery[J].Semin Liver Dis,2001,21(1):105-113.
[5]Foley DP,Fernandez LA,Leverson G,et al.Biliary complications after liver transplantation from donation after cardiac death donors:an analysis of risk factors and long-term outcomes from a single center[J].Ann Surg,2011,253(4):817-825.
[6]Grewal HP,Willingham DL,Nguyen J,et al.Liver transplantation using controlled donation after cardiac death donors:an analysis of a large single center experience[J].Liver Transpl,2009,15(9):1028-1035.
[7]Hafez T,Moussa M,Nesim I,et al.The effect of intraportal prostaglandin E1 on adhesion molecule expression,inflammatory modulator function,and histology in canine hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury[J].J Surg Res,2007,138(1):88-99.
[8]Hara Y,Akamatsu Y,kobayashi Y,et al.Perfusion using oxygenated buffer containing prostaglandin E1 before cold preservation prevents warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in liver grafts from nonheart-beating donors[J].Transplant Proc,2010,42(10):3973-3976.
[9]Hara Y,Akamatsu Y,Maida K,et al.A new liver graft preparation method for uncontrolled non-heart-beating donors,combining short oxygenated warm perfusion and prostaglandin E1[J].J Surg Res,2013,184(2):1134-1142.
[10]Padrissa-Altes S,Zaouali MA,Boncompagni E,et al.The use of a reversible proteasome inhibitor in a model of Reduced-Size Orthotopic Liver transplantation in rats[J].Exp Mol Pathol,2012,93(1):99-110.
[11]Wang CC,Wang SH,Lin CC,et al.Liver transplantation from an uncontrolled non-heart-beating donor maintained on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation[J].Transplant Proc,2005,37(10):4331-4333.
[12]Noormohamed MS,Kanwar A,Ray C,et al.Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for resuscitation of deceased cardiac donor livers for hepatocyte isolation[J].J Surg Res,2013,183(2):39-48.
[13]Bardag-Gorce F.Proteasome inhibitor treatment in alcoholic liver disease[J].World J Gastroenterol,2011,17(20):2558-2562.
[14]Zaouali MA,Bardag-Gorce F,Carbonell T,et al.Proteasome inhibitors protect the steatotic and non-steatotic liver graft against cold ischemia reperfusion injury[J].Exp Mol Pathol,2013,94(2):352-359.
[15]Zaouali MA,Ben Mosbah I,Padrissa-Altes S,et al.Relevance of epidermal growth factor to improve steatotic liver preservation in IGL-1 solution[J].Transplant Proc,2010,42(8):3070-3075.
[16]Abbas R,Kombu RS,Dignam D,et al.Polyethylene glycol modifiedalbumin enhances the cold preservation properties of University of Wisconsin solution in rat liver and a hepatocyte cell line[J].J Surg Res,2010,164(1):95-104.
[17]Ishima Y,Shinagawa T,Yoneshige S,et al.UW solution improved with high anti-apoptotic activity by S-nitrosated human serum albumin[J].Nitric Oxide,2013,30:36-42.
[18]Guarrera JV,Henry SD,Chen SW,et al.Hypothermic machine preservation attenuates ischemia/reperfusion markers after liver transplantation:preliminary results[J].J Surg Res,2011,167(2):365-373.
[19]Shigeta T,Matsuno N,Obara H,et al.Functional recovery of donation cardiac death liver graft by continuous machine perfusion preservation in pigs[J].Transplant Proc,2012,44(4):946-947.
[20]Fondevila C,Hessheimer AJ,Maathuis MH,et al.Hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion in porcine donation after circulatory determination of death liver transplant[J].Transplantation,2012,94(1):22-29.
[21]Vairetti M,Ferrigno A,Rizzo V,et al.Subnormothermic machine perfusion protects against rat liver preservation injury:a comparative evaluation with conventional cold storage[J].Transplant Proc,2007,39(6):1765-1767.
[22]Guarrera JV,Henry SD,Samstein B,et al.Hypothermic machine preservation in human liver transplantation:the first clinical series[J].Am J Transplant,2010,10(2):372-381.
[23]Xu H,Zhang JX,Jones JW,et al.Hypothermic machine perfusion of rat livers preserves endothelial cell function[J].Transplant Proc,2005,37(1):335-337.
[24]Minor T,Luer B,Efferz P.Dopamine improves hypothermic machine preservation of the liver[J].Cryobiology,2011,63(2):84-89.
[25]Monzen K,Hosoda T,Hayashi D,et al.The use of a supercooling refrigerator improves the preservation of organ grafts[J].Biochem Biophys Res commun,2005,337(2):534-539.
[26]Charrueau C,Neveux N,Chaumeil JC,et al.Best temperature for static liver graft storage is 1℃[J].J Surg Res,2013,180(2):322-329.
[27]Olschewski P,Gass P,Ariyakhagorn V,et al.The influence of storage temperature during machine perfusion on preservation quality of marginal donor livers[J].Cryobiology,2010,60(3):337-343.
[28]Gringeri E,Bonsignore P,Bassi D,et al.Subnormothermic machine perfusion for non-heart-beating donor liver grafts preservation in a Swine model:a new strategy to increase the donor pool?[J].Transplant Proc,2012,44(7):2026-2028.
[29]Ferrigno A,Rizzo V,Boncompagni E,et al.Machine perfusion at20℃reduces preservation damage to livers from non-heart beating donors[J].Cryobiology,2011,62(2):152-158.
[30]Vairetti M,Ferrigno A,Carlucci F,et al.Subnormothermic machine perfusion protects steatotic livers against preservation injury:a potential for donor pool increase?[J].Liver Transpl,2009,15(1):20-29.
[31]Minor T,Isselhard W.Synthesis of high energy phosphates during cold ischemic rat liver preservation with gaseous oxygen insufflation[J].Transplantation,1996,61(1):20-22.
[32]Minor T,Saad S,Nagelschmidt M,et al.Successful transplantation of porcine livers after warm ischemic insult in situ and cold preservation including postconditioning with gaseous oxygen[J].Transplantation,1998,65(9):1262-1264.
[33]Treckmann J,Minor T,Saad S,et al.Retrograde oxygen persufflation preservation of human livers:a pilot study[J].Liver Transpl,2008,14(3):358-364.
[34]Minor T,Stegemann J,Hirner A,et al.Impaired autophagic clearance after cold preservation of fatty livers correlates with tissue necrosis upon reperfusion and is reversed by hypothermic reconditioning[J].Liver Transpl,2009,15(7):798-805.
[35]Koetting M,Dombrowski F,Minor T.No synergistic effect of carbon monoxide and oxygen during static gaseous persufflation preservation of DCD liver[J].J Surg Res,2011,171(2):859-864.
[36]Tapuria N,Kumar Y,Habib MM,et al.Remote ischemic preconditioning:a novel protective method from ischemia reperfusion injurya review[J].J Surg Res,2008,150(2):304-330.
[37]Kanoria S,Jalan R,Davies NA,et al.Remote ischaemic preconditioning of the hind limb reduces experimental liver warm ischaemia-reperfusion injury[J].Br J Surg,2006,93(6):762-768.
[38]Eltzschig HK,Sitkovsky MV,Robson SC.Purinergic signaling during inflammation[J].N Engl J Med,2012,367(24):2322-2333.
[39]Colgan SP,Eltzschig HK.Adenosine and hypoxia-inducible factor signaling in intestinal injury and recovery[J].Annu Rev Physiol,2012,74:153-175.
[40]Zhong Z,Ramshesh VK,Rehman H,et al.Activation of the oxygensensing signal cascade prevents mitochondrial injury after mouse liver ischemia-reperfusion[J].Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2008,295(4):823-832.
[41]Chen X,Su C,Zhang ZY,et al.Hemo oxygenase-1 induction in vitro and in vivo can yield pancreas islet xenograft survival and improve islet function[J].Chin Med J(Engl),2011,124(20):3378-3385.
[42]Kato H,Amersi F,Buelow R,et al.Hemo oxygenase-1 overexpression protects livers from ischemia/reperfusion injury with extended cold preservation[J].Am J Transplant,2001,1(2):121-128.