准噶尔盆地西北缘达尔布特断裂的运动学特征
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摘要
达尔布特断裂是准噶尔盆地西北缘的边界断裂,本文通过大量的野外地质调查并结合遥感解译,发现该断裂具有明显的左行走滑特征,其最大位错量出现在其西南段,达到60 km左右。根据野外的观察,达尔布特断裂是一条经历过多期变形的断裂,运动学特征指示了该断裂的各期活动均为左行走滑。它与准噶尔盆地东北缘北西—南东向的右行走滑断裂一起,构成了一组共轭断裂系,是印欧板块碰撞造成青藏高原强烈抬升并向北扩展的远程效应,同时也受到西伯利亚板块向南运动的影响。和什托洛盖盆地是在断裂走滑过程中形成的尾端伸展盆地;而南段的构造穹窿,是断裂的走滑运动造成的尾端构造隆升,它们共同吸收调节了断裂的走滑运动。
Darlbute fault is located on the northwestern boundary of the Junggar Basin and it is considered to be a typical large-scaled reverse fault.Field work and investigation indicates that,Darlbute fault is also characterized by a sub-component of sinistral stike-slip faulting.The maximum displacement is displayed in the Paleozoic formations along its southwestern segment,~60 km offsets.Many meso-and micro-scaled brittle and ductile structures coextensive along the fault demonstrate that the Darlbute fault experiences multi-staged activities and the sinistral stike-slip faulting might prevaile from the earlier stage into the later.Besides,we also speculate that Lake Aibi,Heshituoluogai Basin emerged at the end of the Darlbute fault both are considered to be pull-apart basins;while,the dome in north-west part of the fault also acts as a transpression structure produced by the displacement motion of the Darlbute fault during activities.They accommodate most of the sinistral displacements.We speculate all of them compose a conjugated fault system together with the Altai fault system,that is,the NE-SW leftlateral strike-slip faults with a series of NW-SE dextral faults.The conjugate fault system in this region may indicate a consistent dynamic background regime of north-south extrusion towards the northern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau.
Darlbute fault is located on the northwestern boundary of the Junggar Basin and it is considered to be a typical large-scaled reverse fault.Field work and investigation indicates that,Darlbute fault is also characterized by a sub-component of sinistral stike-slip faulting.The maximum displacement is displayed in the Paleozoic formations along its southwestern segment,~60 km offsets.Many meso-and micro-scaled brittle and ductile structures coextensive along the fault demonstrate that the Darlbute fault experiences multi-staged activities and the sinistral stike-slip faulting might prevaile from the earlier stage into the later.Besides,we also speculate that Lake Aibi,Heshituoluogai Basin emerged at the end of the Darlbute fault both are considered to be pull-apart basins;while,the dome in north-west part of the fault also acts as a transpression structure produced by the displacement motion of the Darlbute fault during activities.They accommodate most of the sinistral displacements.We speculate all of them compose a conjugated fault system together with the Altai fault system,that is,the NE-SW leftlateral strike-slip faults with a series of NW-SE dextral faults.The conjugate fault system in this region may indicate a consistent dynamic background regime of north-south extrusion towards the northern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau.
引文
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何登发,管树巍,张年富等,2006,准噶尔盆地哈拉阿拉特山冲断带构造及找油意义.新疆石油地质,27(3):267—269.He Dengfa,Guan Shuwei,Zhang Nianfu et al.2006.Thrust belt structure and significance for petroleum exploration in Hala'alate Mountain in northwestern margin of Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,27(3):267—269.
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冯鸿儒,李旭,刘继庆.1990.西准噶尔达拉布特断裂系构造演化特征.西安地质学院学报,12(2):46—55.Feng Hongru,Li Xu and Liu Jiqing.1990.The structural evolution of the Darabut fault system in West Jungger.Journal of Xi'an College of Geology,12(2):46—55.
冯鸿儒.1991.应用卫星数字图像研究达拉布特断裂.国土资源遥感,4:30—39.Feng Hongru.1991.A primary study of the Darabut fault through satellite digital image.Remote Sensing for Land Resources,4:30—39.
戈澍谟.1983.中亚地区大陆碰撞的影响与作用力.科学通报,28(7):423—425.Ge Shumo.1983.Influence and forces of continental collision in the central Asia.Chinese Science Bulletin,28(7):423—425.
郭召杰,张志诚,吴朝东等.2006.中、新生代天山隆升过程及其与准噶尔、阿尔泰山比较研究.地质学报,80(1):1—15.Guo Zhaojie,Zhang Zhicheng,Wu Chaodong et al.2006.The Mesozoic and Cenozoic exhumation history of Tianshan and comparative studies to the Junggar and Altai Mountains.Acta Geologica Sinica,80(1):1—15.
韩宝福,季建清,宋彪等.2006.新疆准噶尔晚古生代陆壳垂向生长(Ⅰ)——后碰撞深成岩浆活动的时限.岩石学报,22(5):1077—1086.Han Baofu,Ji Jianqing,Song Biao et al.2006.Late Paleozoic vertical grouth of continental crust around the Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,China(part 1):Timing of post-collisional plutonism.Acta Petrologica Sinica,22(5):1077—1086.
韩宝福,郭召杰,何国琦.2010.“钉合岩体”与新疆北部主要缝合带的形成时限.岩石学报,26(8):2233—2246.Han Baofu,Guo Zhaojie and He Guoqi.2010.Timing of major suture zones in North Xinjiang,China:Constraints from stitching plutons.Acta Petrologica Sinica,26(8):2233—2246.
何登发,管树巍,张年富等,2006,准噶尔盆地哈拉阿拉特山冲断带构造及找油意义.新疆石油地质,27(3):267—269.He Dengfa,Guan Shuwei,Zhang Nianfu et al.2006.Thrust belt structure and significance for petroleum exploration in Hala'alate Mountain in northwestern margin of Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,27(3):267—269.
李四光.1974.旋扭构造.北京:科学出版社.1—83.Li Siguang.1974.Rotation-Shearing Structure.Beijing;Science Press.1—83.
李锦轶,何国琦,徐新等.2006.新疆北部及邻区地壳构造格架及其形成过程的初步探讨.地质学报,80(1):148—168.Li Jinyi,He Guoqi,Xu Xin et al.2006.Crustal tectonic framework of northern Xinjiang and adjacent regions and its formation.Acta Geologica Sinica,80(1):148—168.
刘和甫,梁慧社,蔡立国等.1994.天山两侧前陆冲断系构造模式与前陆盆地演化.地球科学,19(6):727—740.Liu Hefu,Liang Huishe,Cai Liguo et al.1994.Evolution and structural style of Tianshan and adjacent basins,northwestern China.Earth Science,19(6):727—740.
卢华复,王胜利,贾承造.2007.准噶尔南缘新生代断裂的形成机制.地学前缘,14(4):168—174.Lu Huafu,Wang Shengli and Jia Chengzao.2007.The mechanism of the southern Junggar Cenozoic thrusts.Earth Science Frontiers,14(4).168—174.
渠洪杰,胡健民,李玮等.2008.新疆西北部和什托洛盖盆地早中生代沉积特征及构造演化.地质学报,82(4):441—450.Qu Hongjie,Hu Jianmin,Li Wei et al.2008.The characteristics of sedimentation and tectonic evolution of Heshentuoluogai Basin in Early Mesozoic,Northwest Xinjiang.Acta Geologica Sinica,82(4):441—450.
曲国胜,何国琦.1992.阿尔泰造山带的构造运动.地质学报,66(3):193—205.Qu Guosheng and He Guoqi.1992.The orogeny in the Altaides.Acta Geologica Sinica,66(3):193—205.
曲国胜,马宗晋,邵学钟等.2008a.准噶尔盆地基底构造与地壳分层结构.新疆石油地质,29(6):669—674.Qu Guosheng,Ma Zongjin,Shao Xuezhong et al.2008a.Basements and crust structures in Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,29(6):669—674.
曲国胜,马宗晋,邵学钟等.2008a.准噶尔盆地基底构造与地壳分层结构.新疆石油地质,29(6):669—674.Qu Guosheng,Ma Zongjin,Zhang Ning et al.2008b.Fault structures in and around Junggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,29(3):290—295.
沈军,李莹甄,汪一鹏等.2003.阿尔泰山活动断裂.地学前缘,10(特刊):132—141.Shen Jun,Li Yingzhen,Wang Yipeng et al.2003.The active faults in Altai Mountains.Earth Science Frontiers,10(special issue):132—141.
孙自明,洪太元,张涛等.2008.新疆北部哈拉阿拉特山走滑一冲断复合构造特征与油气勘探方向.地质科学,43(2):309—320.Sun Ziming,Hong Taiyuan,Zhang Tao et al.2008.Strike-slip-thrust composite structure and its relationships to hydrocarbon in Hala'alate Mountains,northern Xinjiang.Chinese Journal of Geology,43(2):309—320.
汪仁富.2011.准噶尔盆地西北缘克拉玛依—夏子街走滑构造(博士学位论文).杭州:浙江大学.1—146.Wang Renfu.2011.Structural Analysis of Kelamay-Xiazijie Strike-Slip Fault Systems in NW Margin of Junggar Basin,Xinjiang,China(PhD Thesis).Hangzhou;Zhejiang University.1—146.
肖文交,舒良树,高俊等.2008.中亚造山带大陆动力学过程与成矿作用.新疆地质,26(1):4—8.Xiao Wenjiao,Shu Liangshu,Gao Jun et al.2008.Continental dynamics of the central Asian orogenic belt and its metallogeny.Xinjiang Geology,26(1):4—8.
肖序常,汤耀庆,冯益民等.1992.新疆北部及其邻区大地构造.北京:地质出版社.1—169.Xiao Xuchang,Tang Yaoqing,Feng Yimin et al.1992.Tectonics of Northern Xinjiang and Its Adjacent Regions.Beijing;Geological Publishing House.1—169.
徐锡伟,孙鑫豁,谭锡斌等.2012.富蕴断裂:低应变速率条件下断层滑动习性.地震地质,34(4):606—617.Xu Xiwei,Sun Xinzhe,Tan Xibin et al.2012.Fuyun fault:Long-term faulting behavior under low crustal strain rate.Seismology and Geology,34(4):606—617.
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