塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地逐日太阳总辐射模拟计算——以达理雅博依绿洲为例
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摘要
基于塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地面积最大的天然孤立绿洲达理雅博依2015年1月—2016年2月太阳总辐射观测资料,运用H.L.Penman经验公式模拟计算了该地区2015年逐日总辐射累计量,模拟值与实测值的误差分析显示:本气候学方法成功模拟了沙漠腹地总辐射的年内变化趋势。使用模拟值估算得到达理雅博依绿洲2015年太阳总辐射累计量约为5 332.23 MJ·m-2。又以相同方法模拟了塔中气象站2015年3—5月总辐射变化,结果较达理雅博依的模拟更接近实测值,说明本模拟在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地不同地点结果有效。
The study of solar radiation, including its characteristics and variation, is of great significance for exploring regional ecology system formation and evolution. The Taklimakan Desert,the largest mobile desert in China,is located at the center of the Tarim Basin. Oasis study in this desert is important for understanding the ecosystem process in arid land. However,for traffic problems,the desert's meteorology data,especially solar radiation data(long period),are very scare,which brings difficulties related to discussing the oasis ecosystem process further. In this work, Daliyaboyi,the largest isolated pristine oasis in the Taklimakan Desert hinterland,was taken as a case study to simulate solar radiation. The daily total solar radiation of the Daliyaboyi Oasis cumulants in 2015 was simulated based on H.L. Penman's method,Q =S0(a+bs). The results show that we selected the method for the climatological empirical formula successfully to estimate the annual variation trend of the total radiation. The calculation shows that the simulated total annual global radiation of the Daliyaboyi Oasis in 2015 was 5 332.23 MJ·m-2. We also simulated the total radiation of the Tazhong meteorological station from March to May in 2015 using the same method. Its result is closer to the instrument measured value than the Daliyaboyi Oasis. The comparison of the simulation between the Daliyaboyi and the Tazhong shows that in the Taklimakan Desert hinterland,our method may also successfully estimate according to the specific location.
The study of solar radiation, including its characteristics and variation, is of great significance for exploring regional ecology system formation and evolution. The Taklimakan Desert,the largest mobile desert in China,is located at the center of the Tarim Basin. Oasis study in this desert is important for understanding the ecosystem process in arid land. However,for traffic problems,the desert's meteorology data,especially solar radiation data(long period),are very scare,which brings difficulties related to discussing the oasis ecosystem process further. In this work, Daliyaboyi,the largest isolated pristine oasis in the Taklimakan Desert hinterland,was taken as a case study to simulate solar radiation. The daily total solar radiation of the Daliyaboyi Oasis cumulants in 2015 was simulated based on H.L. Penman's method,Q =S0(a+bs). The results show that we selected the method for the climatological empirical formula successfully to estimate the annual variation trend of the total radiation. The calculation shows that the simulated total annual global radiation of the Daliyaboyi Oasis in 2015 was 5 332.23 MJ·m-2. We also simulated the total radiation of the Tazhong meteorological station from March to May in 2015 using the same method. Its result is closer to the instrument measured value than the Daliyaboyi Oasis. The comparison of the simulation between the Daliyaboyi and the Tazhong shows that in the Taklimakan Desert hinterland,our method may also successfully estimate according to the specific location.
引文
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[28]童成立,张文菊,汤阳,等.逐日太阳辐射的模拟计算[J].中国农业气象,2005,26(3):165-169.
[29]张运林,秦伯强,陈伟民,等.太湖无锡地区太阳总辐射的气候学计算及特征分析[J].应用气象学报,2003,14(3):339-347.
[2]陈志华,石广玉,车慧正.近40年来新疆地区太阳辐射状况研究[J].干旱区地理,2005,28(6):734-739.
[3]周秉荣,颜亮东,校瑞香.三江源地区太阳辐射与日照时空分布特征[J].资源科学,2012,34(11):2074-2079.
[4]姐瑞平,高前兆,钱鞠,等.2000年来塔里木盆地南缘绿洲环境演变[J].中国沙漠,2001,2(21):122-128.
[5]朱震达.塔里木盆地沙漠的自然特征[J].地理知识,1960,11(4):152-156.
[6]李韧,季国良,杨文.五道梁地区总辐射的年际变化[J].高原气象,2005,24(2):173-177.
[7]刘玲,刘建栋,邬定荣,等.云南山地太阳总辐射的分布式模拟[J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(1):13-19.
[8]杜家铭,李国毅.韶关地区太阳能资源分析与评估[J].气象与环境科学,2017,40(2):72-77.
[9]王璁,李梦洁,单新兰,等.宁夏起伏地形下太阳总辐射分布式模拟[J].干旱气象,2012,30(1):8-14.
[10]朱学玲,李红卫.洛阳地区太阳能资源分析与评估[J].气象与环境科学,2015,38(1):67-72.
[11]左大康,王懿贤,陈建绥.中国地区太阳总辐射的空间分布特征[J].气象学报,1963,33(1):78-96.
[12]祝昌汉.再论总辐射的气候学计算方法(一)[J].南京气象学院学报,1982,5(1):15-24.
[13]祝昌汉.再论总辐射的气候学计算方法(二)[J].南京气象学院学报,1982,5(2):196-206.
[14]刘绍民,李银芳.新疆月太阳总辐射气候学计算方法的研究[J].干旱区地理,1997,20(3):75-81.
[15]何清,缪启龙,李帅,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地总辐射变化特征及影响因子分析[J].中国沙漠,2008,5(28):896-902.
[16]金莉莉,何清,李振杰,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠不同下垫面太阳总辐射比较[J].中国沙漠,2014,2(34):498-506.
[17] H.l.penman.Natural evaporation from open water,bare soil and grass[J]..Proc.Roy.Soc.193A,1948,120-145.
[18]田裕钊.克里雅河下游三角洲的吐加依-标志生态退化的一种自然综合体[J].中国沙漠,1988,8(2):11-24.
[19]倪频融.达里雅博依绿洲的历史、现状及其演变前景[J].干旱区研究,1993,10(4):12-18.
[20]朱震达,陆锦华,江伟铮.塔克拉玛干大沙漠克里雅河下游地区风沙地貌的形成发育与环境变化趋势的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,1988,8(2):1-10.
[21]陆渝蓉,高国栋.物理气候学[M].北京:气象出版社,1987.
[22]翁笃鸣.试论总辐射的气候学计算方法[J].气象学报,1964,34(3):304-315.
[23]和清华,谢云.我国太阳总辐射气候学计算方法研究[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(2):308-319.
[24]高国栋,缪启龙,王安宇,等.气候学教程[M].北京:气象出版社,1996.
[25]翁笃鸣.中国辐射气候[M].北京:气象出版社,1997.
[26]李玉海,狄勉祖.太阳辐射浅说[M].北京:农业出版社,1978.
[27]杨勤,梁旭,赵光平,等.宁夏太阳辐射逐日、月、年总量的变化特征[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(3):413-423.
[28]童成立,张文菊,汤阳,等.逐日太阳辐射的模拟计算[J].中国农业气象,2005,26(3):165-169.
[29]张运林,秦伯强,陈伟民,等.太湖无锡地区太阳总辐射的气候学计算及特征分析[J].应用气象学报,2003,14(3):339-347.