达里诺尔湖磷赋存特征及底泥释放影响因素
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摘要
[目的]揭示封闭性内陆湖磷组成特点及底泥释放影响因素,为控制达里湖磷元素污染提供理论支持。[方法]对达里诺尔湖水体总磷(TP)、溶解性总磷(DTP)、溶解性无机磷(DIP),沉积物形态磷进行监测,并利用因子分析的方法对影响沉积物底泥释放的因素分类讨论。[结果]达里湖上覆水总磷(TP)均值2.00±0.02mg/L,间隙水TP均值2.50±0.02mg/L,沉积物TP在206.09~940.49mg/kg之间。沉积物中无机磷(IP)占TP的47.9%,是沉积物主要的磷形态之一。钙磷(Ca-P)是IP中含量最多的形态磷(217.76±47.01mg/kg),其次为铁铝结合态磷(Fe/Al-P,62.73±28.34mg/kg)和交换态磷(Ex-P,36.50±19.13mg/kg),有机磷(OP,200.28±135.13mg/kg)含量占TP的41.8%;通过因子分析法将影响底泥释放的因素分为三类:沉积物TP,Ca-P,Fe/Al-P和生物有效性磷含量归为沉积物磷因子;水体pH,DO,Eh值以及间隙水磷含量归为界面影响因子;湖水水深归为湖泊自身特征因子。[结论]达里湖存在沉积物磷底泥释放的风险,根据因子分析的结果可知,影响沉积物底泥释放的因素分为沉积物磷、水—沉积物界面理化指标和湖水水深3大类。
[Objective]In order to reveal the characteristics of phosphorus composition in closed inland lake,and the influencing factors of endogenous release.[Methods]The phosphorus content in different medium of Dali-Nor Lake was determined.Using factor analysis to classify the factors affecting sediment release.[Results]The average value of total phosphorus(TP)in the water on Dali-Nor Lake was 2.00±0.02 mg/L,and the mean value of interstitial water TP was 2.50±0.02 mg/L.The sediment TP is between 206.09 to940.49 mg/kg.Inorganic phosphorus(IP)in sediments accounts for 47.9% of TP,which is one of the main forms of phosphorus in sediments.Followed by iron-aluminum bound phosphorus(Fe/Al-P,62.73±28.34 mg/kg)and exchangeable phosphorus(Ex-P,36.50±19.13 mg/kg)By using the factor analysis method to analyze the influence of 13 sediments release indicators,there are 4 main factors,the 13 indexes are divided into 3 categories:TP,Ca-P,Fe/Al-P and bioavailability of phosphorus content in sediments classified as phosphorus in sediments and interstitial water factor;phosphorus concentrations of pH,DO,Eh of thewater as the interface influence factor;The third is water depth to lakes characteristic factor.[Conclusion]There is a risk of release of sediment phosphorus sediment in Dali-Nor Lake.According to the results of factor analysis,the factors affecting sediment release are divided into three categories:sediment phosphorus,water-sediment interface physical and chemical indicators and lake water depth.
[Objective]In order to reveal the characteristics of phosphorus composition in closed inland lake,and the influencing factors of endogenous release.[Methods]The phosphorus content in different medium of Dali-Nor Lake was determined.Using factor analysis to classify the factors affecting sediment release.[Results]The average value of total phosphorus(TP)in the water on Dali-Nor Lake was 2.00±0.02 mg/L,and the mean value of interstitial water TP was 2.50±0.02 mg/L.The sediment TP is between 206.09 to940.49 mg/kg.Inorganic phosphorus(IP)in sediments accounts for 47.9% of TP,which is one of the main forms of phosphorus in sediments.Followed by iron-aluminum bound phosphorus(Fe/Al-P,62.73±28.34 mg/kg)and exchangeable phosphorus(Ex-P,36.50±19.13 mg/kg)By using the factor analysis method to analyze the influence of 13 sediments release indicators,there are 4 main factors,the 13 indexes are divided into 3 categories:TP,Ca-P,Fe/Al-P and bioavailability of phosphorus content in sediments classified as phosphorus in sediments and interstitial water factor;phosphorus concentrations of pH,DO,Eh of thewater as the interface influence factor;The third is water depth to lakes characteristic factor.[Conclusion]There is a risk of release of sediment phosphorus sediment in Dali-Nor Lake.According to the results of factor analysis,the factors affecting sediment release are divided into three categories:sediment phosphorus,water-sediment interface physical and chemical indicators and lake water depth.
引文
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[24]高春梅,朱珠,王功芹,等.海州湾海洋牧场海域表层沉积物磷形态与环境意义[J].中国环境科学,2015,235(11):3437-3444.
[25]Liu Sumei,Zhang Jing,Li Daoji.Phosphorus cycling in sediments of the Bohaiand Yellow seas[J].Estuarine,Coast aland Shelf Science,2004,59(2):209-218.
[26]张路,范成新,朱广伟,等.长江中下游湖泊沉积物生物可利用磷分布特征[J].湖泊科学,2006,18(1):36-42.
[27]朱广伟,秦伯强.沉积物中磷形态的化学连续提取法应用研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(3):349-352.
[28]张志斌,张学杨,张波,等.南四湖微山湖区沉积物磷形态分布特征[J].环境科学,2009,30(5):1345-1350.
[2]Spears B M,Carvalho L,Perkins R,et al.Sediment phosphorus cycling in a large shallow lake:Spatio-temporal variation in phosphorus pools and release[J].Hydrobiologia,2007,584(1):37-48.
[3]Komatsu E,Fukushima T,Shiraishi H.Modeling of P-dynamics and algal growth in a stratified reservoirmechanisms of P-cycle in water and interaction between overlying water and sediment[J].Ecological Modelling,2006,197(3):331-349.
[4]Ruban V,López-Sánchez J F,Pardo P,et al.Harmonized protocol and certifiedreference materialfor the determination of extractablecontents of phosphorus in freshwater sediments:A synthesis of recent works[J].Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2001,370(2):224-228.
[5]Bostr9m B,Andersen J M,Fleischer S,et al.Exchange of phosphorus across the sediment-water interface[J].Hydrobiologia,1988,170(1):229-244.
[6]Grandel S,Rickert D,Schlüter M,et al.Pore-water distribution and quantification of diffusive benthic fluxes of silicic acid,nitrate and phosphate in surface sediments of the deep Arabian Sea[J].Deep Sea Research(PartⅡ):Topical Studies in Oceanography,2000,47(14):2707-2734.
[7]Sondergaard M,Phillips G,Hellsten S,et al.Maximum growing depth of submerged macrophytes in European lakes[J].Hydrobiologia,2013,704(1):165-177.
[8]史静,俎晓静,张乃明,等.滇池草海沉积物磷形态、空间分布特征及影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(10):1808-1813.
[9]金晓丹,吴昊,陈志明,等.长江河口水库沉积物磷形态、吸附和释放特性[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):448-456.
[10]李乐,王圣瑞,焦立新,等.滇池柱状沉积物磷形态垂向变化及对释放的贡献[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3384-3393.
[11]向速林,陶术平,吴代赦.鄱阳湖沉积物和水界面磷的交换通量[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(2):326-333.
[12]李文宝,李畅游,刘晓旭,等.达里诺尔湖水体稳定氢、氧同位素组成变化对结冰过程的响应[J].中国地质大学学报:地球科学,2015,40(12):2081-2090.
[13]赵胜男,史小红,崔英,等.内蒙古达里诺尔湖湖泊水体与入湖河水水化学特征及控制因素[J].环境化学,2016,35(9):1865-1875.
[14]国家环保局本书编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1989.
[15]Ruban V.Harmonized protocol and certified reference material for the determination of extractable contents of phosphorus in freshwater sediments:A synthesis of recent works[J].Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2001,370(2/3):224-228.
[16]Yu Qing,Wang Hongzhu,Li Yan,et al.Effects of high nitrogen concentrations on the growth of submersed macrophytes at moderate phosphorus concentrations[J].Water Research,2015,83:385-395.
[17]郭霞.内蒙古高原典型湖泊磷的地球化学特征[D].内蒙古呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2014.
[18]郑西来,张俊杰,陈蕾.再悬浮条件C内源磷迁移—转化机制研究进展[J].水科学进展,2013,24(2):287-295.
[19]刘志娇.达里诺尔湖水动力条件试验及氢氧稳定同位素研究[D].内蒙古呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015.
[20]王志齐,李宝,梁仁君,等.南四湖沉积物磷形态及其与间隙水磷的相关性分析[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(1):139-146.
[21]温胜芳,单保庆,张洪.巢湖表层沉积物磷的空间分布差异性研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(7):2322-2329.
[22]何江,孙英,吕昌伟,等.岱海表层沉积物中内源磷的释放[J].生态学报,2010,20(2):389-398.
[23]Chuai Xiaoming,Ding Wei,Chen Xiaofeng,et al.Phosphorus release from cyanobacterial blooms in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2011,37(6):842-849.
[24]高春梅,朱珠,王功芹,等.海州湾海洋牧场海域表层沉积物磷形态与环境意义[J].中国环境科学,2015,235(11):3437-3444.
[25]Liu Sumei,Zhang Jing,Li Daoji.Phosphorus cycling in sediments of the Bohaiand Yellow seas[J].Estuarine,Coast aland Shelf Science,2004,59(2):209-218.
[26]张路,范成新,朱广伟,等.长江中下游湖泊沉积物生物可利用磷分布特征[J].湖泊科学,2006,18(1):36-42.
[27]朱广伟,秦伯强.沉积物中磷形态的化学连续提取法应用研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(3):349-352.
[28]张志斌,张学杨,张波,等.南四湖微山湖区沉积物磷形态分布特征[J].环境科学,2009,30(5):1345-1350.