购房款代际赠与动机与子女购房行为——基于初次就业人群的微观调查
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摘要
购房群体的年轻化与中国存在的高房价问题促使父母对子女进行首套房购房款代际赠与现象越来越成为一种社会趋势。本文利用初次就业人群首套房购置的微观调查数据实证分析了父母赠与动机与子女购房行为,研究发现:其一,父母对于收入低的子女会赠与购房款或者增加购房款的金额,显示出较为显著的利他主义动机;其二,受赠的独生子女会将购房款保留一部分而不是全部用于提高房屋购置规格,说明受赠独生子女对父母有利他的反馈效应;其三,非独生子女会将父母赠与款全部用于提升购房规格,并未体现出显著的反馈效应,符合单向利他行为特征。本文的研究结论对于未来住房政策和社会保障政策调整具有一定的参考意义。
The rejuvenation of the housing group and the high housing price problem in China have prompted the phenomenon that parents give their children inter-generational gift for purchasing the first house to become a social trend. This paper empirically analyzes the motivations of parents and the behavior of their children to buy houses by using the micro-survey data of the first-time housing purchases. The study finds that: first, parents will gift house payment or increase the amount of money to the child with low income, showing more significant altruistic motives; second, the only-child in the recipient group will retain part of the house payment instead of using all of the money to improve the purchase specifications,indicating that the only child has a feedback effect on their parents; third, the non-only child will use all of the parents' donation money to improve the purchase price. It does not reflect the significant feedback effect and conforms to the one-way altruistic behavior. The conclusions of this paper have certain reference significance for the future housing policy and social security policy adjustment.
The rejuvenation of the housing group and the high housing price problem in China have prompted the phenomenon that parents give their children inter-generational gift for purchasing the first house to become a social trend. This paper empirically analyzes the motivations of parents and the behavior of their children to buy houses by using the micro-survey data of the first-time housing purchases. The study finds that: first, parents will gift house payment or increase the amount of money to the child with low income, showing more significant altruistic motives; second, the only-child in the recipient group will retain part of the house payment instead of using all of the money to improve the purchase specifications,indicating that the only child has a feedback effect on their parents; third, the non-only child will use all of the parents' donation money to improve the purchase price. It does not reflect the significant feedback effect and conforms to the one-way altruistic behavior. The conclusions of this paper have certain reference significance for the future housing policy and social security policy adjustment.
引文
陈东、黄旭锋:《机会不平等在多大程度上影响了收入不平等?-基于代际转移的视角》,《经济评论》2015年第1期。
陈琳、袁志刚:《授之以鱼不如授之以渔?-财富资本、社会资本、人力资本与中国代际收入流动》,《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2012年第4期。
黄少安、孙涛:《非正规制度、消费模式和代际交叠模型-东方文化信念中居民消费特征的理论分析》,《经济研究》2005年第4期。
刘金东、杨晨:《父母赠与如何影响子女首套房购置行为-基于年轻子女微观调研数据》,《经济与管理评论》2016年第5期。
田青、董晓宇:《我国城镇家庭资产对其消费行为影响的经验研究》,《财经问题研究》2017年第5期。
汪伟:《计划生育政策的储蓄与增长效应:理论与中国的经验分析》,《经济研究》2010年第10期。
王跃生:《中国家庭代际关系的理论分析》,《人口研究》2008年第4期。
易君健、易行健:《房价上涨与生育率的长期下降:基于香港的实证研究》,《经济学(季刊)》2008年第7期。
钟晓慧:《“再家庭化”:中国城市家庭购房中的代际合作与冲突》,《公共行政评论》2015年第8期。
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陈琳、袁志刚:《授之以鱼不如授之以渔?-财富资本、社会资本、人力资本与中国代际收入流动》,《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2012年第4期。
黄少安、孙涛:《非正规制度、消费模式和代际交叠模型-东方文化信念中居民消费特征的理论分析》,《经济研究》2005年第4期。
刘金东、杨晨:《父母赠与如何影响子女首套房购置行为-基于年轻子女微观调研数据》,《经济与管理评论》2016年第5期。
田青、董晓宇:《我国城镇家庭资产对其消费行为影响的经验研究》,《财经问题研究》2017年第5期。
汪伟:《计划生育政策的储蓄与增长效应:理论与中国的经验分析》,《经济研究》2010年第10期。
王跃生:《中国家庭代际关系的理论分析》,《人口研究》2008年第4期。
易君健、易行健:《房价上涨与生育率的长期下降:基于香港的实证研究》,《经济学(季刊)》2008年第7期。
钟晓慧:《“再家庭化”:中国城市家庭购房中的代际合作与冲突》,《公共行政评论》2015年第8期。
Bernheim,B.D.,Shleifer,A.,L.H.Summers,“The Strategic Bequest Motive”,Journal of Political Economy,Vol.93,No.6,1985.
Barro.,R.J.,“Are Government Bonds Net Wealth?”,Journal of Political Economy,Vol.82,No.6,1974.
Cox,D.,“Motives for Private Income Transfers”,Journal of Political Economy,Vol.95,No.3,1987.
Mayer,C.J.,Engelhardt,G.V.,“Gifts,Down Payments,and Housing Affordability”,Journal of Housing Research,1996.
Engelhardt,G.V.,Mayer,C.J.,“Intergenerational Transfers,Borrowing Constraints,and Saving Behavior:Evidence from the Housing Market”,Journal of Urban Economics,Vol.44,No.1,1998.
Gulbrandsen,L.,Langsether,A.,“Family Transactions in the Norwegian Housing Market”,Housing Theory&Society,Vol.20,No.3,2003.
Kotlikoff,L.J.,Summers,L.H.,“The Role of Intergenerational Transfers in Aggregate Capital Accumulation”,Nber Working Papers,Vol.89,No.4,1981.
Spilerman,S.,Wolff,F.C.,“Parental Wealth and Resource Transfers:How they Matter in France for Home Ownership and Living Standards”,Social Science Research,Vol.41,No.2,2012.
Tomassini,C.,Wolf,D.A.,Rosina A.,“Parental Housing Assistance and Parent-Child Proximity in Italy”,Journal of Marriage and Family,Vol.65,No.3,2003.
Zhou,Y.,“The Impact if Financial Aid of Parents on the House Purchase Behavior of Children”,Quarterly Journal of Housing Land Economics,Vol.66,No.29-37.