中国农业土壤多环芳烃污染现状及来源研究
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摘要
随着我国人口的增加以及城市化、工业化的快速发展,农业土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染也日趋严重。本研究对有关中国农业土壤多环芳烃污染的90篇研究成果进行整理,得到29个省(自治区、直辖市、特别行政区)的多环芳烃采样点数和平均浓度,在此基础上运用统计学方法分析了我国农业土壤中多环芳烃的污染特征,并对污染来源进行了解析。结果表明:(1)我国农业土壤已普遍受到多环芳烃污染,且污染处于中等水平。在空间分布上各区域含量存在较大差异,华北地区污染较重,西南地区污染最小。(2)我国农业土壤中PAHs以中高环组分为主,污染源主要来自燃烧源,包括燃煤和生物质燃烧。本研究可为中国农业土壤多环芳烃污染防治和环境风险评价提供参考依据。
With the increase of population and the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in China, the pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils has become increasingly serious. In this study,we collected and concluded 90 literatures on PAHs in agricultural soils, and then obtained the PAHs sampling points and the average concentration of 29 provinces. Based on these, the pollution characteristics and source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils in China were analyzed by statistical method. The results showed that:(1) Chinese agricultural soils had been generally polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at a medium level. There were significant differences in PAHs contents among different regions. Pollution was the more serious in the North China and the least in the Southwest China.(2) The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were mainly composed of components with medium-high rings and the pollution sources mainly come from combustion including coal combustion and biomass burning. It could provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of PAHs in agricultural soils and environmental risk assessment in China.
With the increase of population and the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization in China, the pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils has become increasingly serious. In this study,we collected and concluded 90 literatures on PAHs in agricultural soils, and then obtained the PAHs sampling points and the average concentration of 29 provinces. Based on these, the pollution characteristics and source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils in China were analyzed by statistical method. The results showed that:(1) Chinese agricultural soils had been generally polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at a medium level. There were significant differences in PAHs contents among different regions. Pollution was the more serious in the North China and the least in the Southwest China.(2) The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were mainly composed of components with medium-high rings and the pollution sources mainly come from combustion including coal combustion and biomass burning. It could provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of PAHs in agricultural soils and environmental risk assessment in China.
引文
[1] 夏文迪.多环芳烃(PAHs)人体内暴露剂量与致癌风险研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.
[2] 焦文涛,王铁宇,吕永龙,等.环渤海北部沿海地区表层土壤中PAHs的污染特征及风险评价[J].生态毒理学报,2010,5(2):193-201.
[3] 国务院.关于印发土壤污染防治行动计划的通知[J].中华人民共和国国务院公报,2016(17): 9-18.
[4] 张天彬,杨国义,万洪富,等.东莞市土壤中多环芳烃的含量、代表物及其来源[J].土壤,2005, 37(3): 265-271.
[5] Duan Y H,Shen G F,Tao S,et al. Characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils at a typical coke production base in Shanxi, China[J]. Chemosphere,2015,127:64-69.
[6] 侯艳伟,张又弛.福建某钢铁厂区域表层土壤PAHs污染特征与风险分析[J].环境化学,2012,31(10): 1542-1548.
[7] 曹云者,柳晓娟,谢云峰,等.我国主要地区表层土壤中多环芳烃组成及含量特征分析[J].环境科学学报, 2012,32(1):197-203.
[8] 龙彪.南宁市菜地土壤及蔬菜中多环芳烃的含量及来源分析[D].南宁:广西大学,2017.
[9] Tao S, Cui Y H, Xu F L, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in agricultural soil and vegetables from Tianjin[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2004, 320(1):11-24.
[10] 陈敏, 陈莉, 黄平. 乌鲁木齐土壤中多环芳烃的污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 中国环境监测, 2015, 31(2):84-91.
[11] 于国光,王铁冠,朱先磊,等.北京市西北郊大气气溶胶中多环芳烃的源解析[J].环境化学,2008,27(2): 245-250.
[12] 李娇,吴劲,蒋进元,等.近十年土壤污染物源解析研究综述[J].土壤通报,2018,49(1):232-242.
[13] Liang J,Ma G,Fang H,et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon centrations in urban soils representing different land use categories in Shanghai[J]. Environ Earth Sci.,2011, 62(1):33-42.
[14] 王学军, 任丽然, 戴永宁,等.天津市不同土地利用类型土壤中多环芳烃的含量特征[J].地理研究,2003,22(3):360-366.
[15] 朱媛媛, 田靖, 魏恩琪,等.天津市土壤多环芳烃污染特征、源解析和生态风险评价[[J].环境化学,2014,33(2):248-255.
[16] Yunker M B,Macdonald R W,Vingarzan R,et al. PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition[J].Organic Geochemistry, 2002,33(4):489-515.
[17] Soclo H H,Garrigues P,Ewald M.Origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in coastal marine sediments: case studies in Cotonou(Benin) and Aquitaine(prance) areas[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2000,40(5):387-396.
[18] Smicik M F,Eisenreich S J,Lioy P J.Source apportionment and source/sink relationships of PAHs in the coastal atmosphere of Chicago and Lake Michigan[J].Atmospheric Environment, 1999,33(30):5071-5079.
[19] 倪进治,陈卫锋,杨红玉,等. 福州市不同功能区土壤中多环芳烃的含量及其源解析[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(5):921-926.
[20] Harrison R M,Smith D J T,Luhana L.Source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from an urban location in Birmingham, UK[J]. Fuel and Energy Abstracts,1996,37(5):388.
[21] Li C K,Kamens R M.The use of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as source signatures in receptor modeling[J].Atmospheric Environment,1993,27(4):523-532.
[2] 焦文涛,王铁宇,吕永龙,等.环渤海北部沿海地区表层土壤中PAHs的污染特征及风险评价[J].生态毒理学报,2010,5(2):193-201.
[3] 国务院.关于印发土壤污染防治行动计划的通知[J].中华人民共和国国务院公报,2016(17): 9-18.
[4] 张天彬,杨国义,万洪富,等.东莞市土壤中多环芳烃的含量、代表物及其来源[J].土壤,2005, 37(3): 265-271.
[5] Duan Y H,Shen G F,Tao S,et al. Characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils at a typical coke production base in Shanxi, China[J]. Chemosphere,2015,127:64-69.
[6] 侯艳伟,张又弛.福建某钢铁厂区域表层土壤PAHs污染特征与风险分析[J].环境化学,2012,31(10): 1542-1548.
[7] 曹云者,柳晓娟,谢云峰,等.我国主要地区表层土壤中多环芳烃组成及含量特征分析[J].环境科学学报, 2012,32(1):197-203.
[8] 龙彪.南宁市菜地土壤及蔬菜中多环芳烃的含量及来源分析[D].南宁:广西大学,2017.
[9] Tao S, Cui Y H, Xu F L, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in agricultural soil and vegetables from Tianjin[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2004, 320(1):11-24.
[10] 陈敏, 陈莉, 黄平. 乌鲁木齐土壤中多环芳烃的污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 中国环境监测, 2015, 31(2):84-91.
[11] 于国光,王铁冠,朱先磊,等.北京市西北郊大气气溶胶中多环芳烃的源解析[J].环境化学,2008,27(2): 245-250.
[12] 李娇,吴劲,蒋进元,等.近十年土壤污染物源解析研究综述[J].土壤通报,2018,49(1):232-242.
[13] Liang J,Ma G,Fang H,et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon centrations in urban soils representing different land use categories in Shanghai[J]. Environ Earth Sci.,2011, 62(1):33-42.
[14] 王学军, 任丽然, 戴永宁,等.天津市不同土地利用类型土壤中多环芳烃的含量特征[J].地理研究,2003,22(3):360-366.
[15] 朱媛媛, 田靖, 魏恩琪,等.天津市土壤多环芳烃污染特征、源解析和生态风险评价[[J].环境化学,2014,33(2):248-255.
[16] Yunker M B,Macdonald R W,Vingarzan R,et al. PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition[J].Organic Geochemistry, 2002,33(4):489-515.
[17] Soclo H H,Garrigues P,Ewald M.Origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in coastal marine sediments: case studies in Cotonou(Benin) and Aquitaine(prance) areas[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2000,40(5):387-396.
[18] Smicik M F,Eisenreich S J,Lioy P J.Source apportionment and source/sink relationships of PAHs in the coastal atmosphere of Chicago and Lake Michigan[J].Atmospheric Environment, 1999,33(30):5071-5079.
[19] 倪进治,陈卫锋,杨红玉,等. 福州市不同功能区土壤中多环芳烃的含量及其源解析[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(5):921-926.
[20] Harrison R M,Smith D J T,Luhana L.Source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from an urban location in Birmingham, UK[J]. Fuel and Energy Abstracts,1996,37(5):388.
[21] Li C K,Kamens R M.The use of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as source signatures in receptor modeling[J].Atmospheric Environment,1993,27(4):523-532.