生涯中期跨界的混沌本质及其过程模式研究
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摘要
通过扎根理论研究方法,以及借鉴生涯混沌理论视角,对31位处于典型混沌状态的生涯中期转换者展开深度访谈和跟踪,并进行了大量二手数据分析研究。研究结果表明,生涯中期跨界呈现出"不确定性""偶然性""非线性"和"目的性"4种混沌特征;混沌背后存在有序的结构,即由6种生涯跨界过程模式构成的"生涯跨界吸引子系统";不同类型吸引子之间存在着动态转换关系。
Using the grounded theory method,the present study is based on The Chaos Theory of Careers and focuses on 31 Mid-Career Changers who are in the typical chaotic status.Based on primary data in terms of in-depth interviews and focusing groups as well as secondary data during over 3 years,this study proposes the conclusions as follows:4 chaotic properties,namely,Uncertainty,Career Chance,Nonlinear,Purpose emerged from the process of Mid-Career Boundary Crossing.Besides,this study illustrates the structure and 6 patterns of the chaotic process,which forms the concept of Constellation of Career Boundary-Crossing Attractors and furthermore discuss the dynamics between the different Attractors as well.
Using the grounded theory method,the present study is based on The Chaos Theory of Careers and focuses on 31 Mid-Career Changers who are in the typical chaotic status.Based on primary data in terms of in-depth interviews and focusing groups as well as secondary data during over 3 years,this study proposes the conclusions as follows:4 chaotic properties,namely,Uncertainty,Career Chance,Nonlinear,Purpose emerged from the process of Mid-Career Boundary Crossing.Besides,this study illustrates the structure and 6 patterns of the chaotic process,which forms the concept of Constellation of Career Boundary-Crossing Attractors and furthermore discuss the dynamics between the different Attractors as well.
引文
[1]ARTHUR M B,ROUSSEAU D M.The Boundaryless Career:A New Employment Principle for a New Organizational Era[J].Academy of Management Review,1996,23(1):176-178.
[2]HALL D T.Protean Careers of the 21st Century[J].Academy of Management Executive,1996,10(4):8-16.
[3]RODRIGUES R,GUEST D,BUDJANOVCANIN A.Bounded or Boundaryless?An Empirical Investigation of Career Boundaries and Boundary Crossing[J].Work,Employment&Society,2016,30(4):669-686.
[4]DIK B J,BYRNE Z S,STEGER M F.Purpose and Meaning in the Workplace[M].Washington:American Psychological Association,2013:151.
[5]BRIGHT J E,PRYOR R G.The Chaos Theory of Careers:A User’s Guide[J].Career Development Quarterly,2005,53(4):291-305.
[6]MARCIA J E.Identity and Psychosocial Development in Adulthood[J].Identity,2002,2(1):7-28.
[7]JEPSEN D M,O’NEILL M S.Understanding the Nonlinear Late Life Career Choices of Health Professionals[J].Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings,2016(1):11014.
[8]ENGELS D W.Common Themes in Midlife Career Transitions[J]. Career Development Quarterly,1995,44(1):83-88.
[9]GUNZ H P,PEIPERL M. Handbook of Career Studies[M].Thousand Oaks:Sage publications,2007.
[10]INKSON K,GUNZ H,GANESH S,et al.Boundaryless Careers:Bringing Back Boundaries[J].Organization Studies,2012,33(3):323-340.
[11]PLIMMER G,SCHMIDT A.Possible Selves and Career Transition:It’s Who You Want to Be,Not What You Want to Do[J].New Directions for Adult&Continuing Education,2007(114):61-74.
[12]DANY F O,LOUVEL S,VALETTE A.Academic Careers:The Limits of the “Boundaryless Approach”and the Power of Promotion Scripts[J].Human Relations,2011,64(7):971-996.
[13]HESS N,JEPSEN D M.The Black Box of Voluntary Career Change:A Systematic Review and Research Agenda[J].Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings,2017(1):15363.
[14]IBARRA H. Working Identity:Unconventional Strategies for Reinventing Your Career[M].Boston:Harvard Business Press,2003.
[15]BROWN A,BIMROSE J,BARNES S,et al.The Role of Career Adaptabilities for Mid-Career Changers[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2012,80(3):754-761.
[16]PRYOR R G L,BRIGHT J E H.Order and Chaos:A Twenty-First Century Formulation of Careers[J].Australian Journal of Psychology,2003,55(2):121-128.
[17]RIGOTTI T,KOREK S,OTTO K.Gains and Losses Related to Career Transitions within Organizations[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2014,84(2):177-187.
[18]PRYOR R G L,BRIGHT J E H.The Chaos Theory of Careers[J].Australian Journal of Career Development,2003,12(3):21-27.
[19]姜飞月.生涯混沌理论:心理学理论的新视角[J].南京师大学报:社会科学版,2007(4):104-108.
[20]PRYOR R G L,BRIGHT J E.Game as a Career Metaphor:A Chaos Theory Career Counselling Application[J].British Journal of Guidance and Counselling,2009,37(1):39-50.
[21]BORG T,BRIGHT J E,PRYOR R G. High School Students-Complexity,Change and Chance:Do the Key Concepts of the Chaos Theory of Careers Apply?[J].Australian Journal of Career Development,2014,23(1):22-28.
[22]曾维希.生涯混沌理论与生涯不确定性管理[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:46.
[23]PRYOR R G,BRIGHT J E.The Chaos Theory of Careers(CTC):Ten Years on and Only Just Begun[J].Australian Journal of Career Development,2014,23(1):4-12.
[24]PRYOR R G L,BRIGHT J E H.Applying Chaos Theory to Careers:Attraction and Attractors[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2007,71(3):375-400.
[25]PRYOR R,BRIGHT J.“I Had Seen Order and Chaos,But Had Thought They Were Different.”The Challenges of the Chaos Theory for Career Development[J].Australian Journal of Career Development,2004,13(3):18-22.
[26]GLASER B G.Theoretical Sensitivity:Advances in the Methodology of Grounded Theory[M].Mill Valley:The Sociology Press,1978.
(1)本研究用生涯概念而非职业生涯概念,是因为生涯概念内涵较为宽泛,是指个体一生中对教育、职业、婚姻、生活方式、工作意义等一系列选择的集合。
(1)限于篇幅,有关样本特征、数据来源、理论抽样依据以及编码和数据结构举例内容暂略,感兴趣的读者请与作者联系。
[2]HALL D T.Protean Careers of the 21st Century[J].Academy of Management Executive,1996,10(4):8-16.
[3]RODRIGUES R,GUEST D,BUDJANOVCANIN A.Bounded or Boundaryless?An Empirical Investigation of Career Boundaries and Boundary Crossing[J].Work,Employment&Society,2016,30(4):669-686.
[4]DIK B J,BYRNE Z S,STEGER M F.Purpose and Meaning in the Workplace[M].Washington:American Psychological Association,2013:151.
[5]BRIGHT J E,PRYOR R G.The Chaos Theory of Careers:A User’s Guide[J].Career Development Quarterly,2005,53(4):291-305.
[6]MARCIA J E.Identity and Psychosocial Development in Adulthood[J].Identity,2002,2(1):7-28.
[7]JEPSEN D M,O’NEILL M S.Understanding the Nonlinear Late Life Career Choices of Health Professionals[J].Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings,2016(1):11014.
[8]ENGELS D W.Common Themes in Midlife Career Transitions[J]. Career Development Quarterly,1995,44(1):83-88.
[9]GUNZ H P,PEIPERL M. Handbook of Career Studies[M].Thousand Oaks:Sage publications,2007.
[10]INKSON K,GUNZ H,GANESH S,et al.Boundaryless Careers:Bringing Back Boundaries[J].Organization Studies,2012,33(3):323-340.
[11]PLIMMER G,SCHMIDT A.Possible Selves and Career Transition:It’s Who You Want to Be,Not What You Want to Do[J].New Directions for Adult&Continuing Education,2007(114):61-74.
[12]DANY F O,LOUVEL S,VALETTE A.Academic Careers:The Limits of the “Boundaryless Approach”and the Power of Promotion Scripts[J].Human Relations,2011,64(7):971-996.
[13]HESS N,JEPSEN D M.The Black Box of Voluntary Career Change:A Systematic Review and Research Agenda[J].Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings,2017(1):15363.
[14]IBARRA H. Working Identity:Unconventional Strategies for Reinventing Your Career[M].Boston:Harvard Business Press,2003.
[15]BROWN A,BIMROSE J,BARNES S,et al.The Role of Career Adaptabilities for Mid-Career Changers[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2012,80(3):754-761.
[16]PRYOR R G L,BRIGHT J E H.Order and Chaos:A Twenty-First Century Formulation of Careers[J].Australian Journal of Psychology,2003,55(2):121-128.
[17]RIGOTTI T,KOREK S,OTTO K.Gains and Losses Related to Career Transitions within Organizations[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2014,84(2):177-187.
[18]PRYOR R G L,BRIGHT J E H.The Chaos Theory of Careers[J].Australian Journal of Career Development,2003,12(3):21-27.
[19]姜飞月.生涯混沌理论:心理学理论的新视角[J].南京师大学报:社会科学版,2007(4):104-108.
[20]PRYOR R G L,BRIGHT J E.Game as a Career Metaphor:A Chaos Theory Career Counselling Application[J].British Journal of Guidance and Counselling,2009,37(1):39-50.
[21]BORG T,BRIGHT J E,PRYOR R G. High School Students-Complexity,Change and Chance:Do the Key Concepts of the Chaos Theory of Careers Apply?[J].Australian Journal of Career Development,2014,23(1):22-28.
[22]曾维希.生涯混沌理论与生涯不确定性管理[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:46.
[23]PRYOR R G,BRIGHT J E.The Chaos Theory of Careers(CTC):Ten Years on and Only Just Begun[J].Australian Journal of Career Development,2014,23(1):4-12.
[24]PRYOR R G L,BRIGHT J E H.Applying Chaos Theory to Careers:Attraction and Attractors[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2007,71(3):375-400.
[25]PRYOR R,BRIGHT J.“I Had Seen Order and Chaos,But Had Thought They Were Different.”The Challenges of the Chaos Theory for Career Development[J].Australian Journal of Career Development,2004,13(3):18-22.
[26]GLASER B G.Theoretical Sensitivity:Advances in the Methodology of Grounded Theory[M].Mill Valley:The Sociology Press,1978.
(1)本研究用生涯概念而非职业生涯概念,是因为生涯概念内涵较为宽泛,是指个体一生中对教育、职业、婚姻、生活方式、工作意义等一系列选择的集合。
(1)限于篇幅,有关样本特征、数据来源、理论抽样依据以及编码和数据结构举例内容暂略,感兴趣的读者请与作者联系。