卧龙自然保护区羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor)的分布格局
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摘要
羚牛是我国一级重点保护动物。近年来,受益于大熊猫自然保护区的严格管护,与大熊猫同域分布的羚牛种群数量得以快速增长。2005—2008年,对卧龙自然保护区羚牛的分布及其时空动态调查表明:羚牛在保护区内的绝大部分(93.33%)区域均有活动痕迹;且年际间的总遇见次数和遇见率之间均没有显著差异(P>0.05),可能是该保护区内羚牛的种群数量增加,分布范围有所扩大的原因。羚牛夏季和秋季主要活动于海拔较高人为活动较少的区域,冬季主要活动于该保护区山体中部的范围,拐棍竹林对羚牛的活动影响较小。保护区管理者需要控制当地村民到海拔较高的区域活动,以避免干扰羚牛的正常活动,或者被羚牛伤害。
Benefiting from strict protection for giant pandas in nature reserves, the population size of Budorcas taxicolor increased rapidly in recent years. The population distribution was surveyed together with the spatio-temporal dynamic change in Wolong National Nature Reserve, from 2005 to 2008. In most areas(ocupying 93.33% of the reserve), traces of B. taxicolor were found, and the total encountered times and encountered rates showed no significant difference for each year, which might mean the increased population size and distribution area in this reserve. B. taxicolor mainly scattered in the places with less human disturbance especially in summer and autumn, and moved to the mid-mountain in winter. Managers should prohibit villagers entering higher places, to avoid disturbing B. taxicolor, or be hurt by them.
Benefiting from strict protection for giant pandas in nature reserves, the population size of Budorcas taxicolor increased rapidly in recent years. The population distribution was surveyed together with the spatio-temporal dynamic change in Wolong National Nature Reserve, from 2005 to 2008. In most areas(ocupying 93.33% of the reserve), traces of B. taxicolor were found, and the total encountered times and encountered rates showed no significant difference for each year, which might mean the increased population size and distribution area in this reserve. B. taxicolor mainly scattered in the places with less human disturbance especially in summer and autumn, and moved to the mid-mountain in winter. Managers should prohibit villagers entering higher places, to avoid disturbing B. taxicolor, or be hurt by them.
引文
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[2] 李晓文,张玲,方精云.指示种、伞护种与旗舰种:有关概念及其在保护生物学中的应用[J].生物多样性.2002 10(1):72～79.
[3] 国家林业和草原局.全国第四次大熊猫调查结果公布.国家林业和草原局.2015.http://www.forestry.gov.cn/main/72/content-742880.html.2015-02-28.
[4] 曾治高,钟文勤,宋延龄,等.羚牛生态生物学研究现状[J].兽类学报.2003.23(2):161～167.
[5] 汪松.中国濒危动物红皮书[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[6] 吴家炎.中国羚牛分类、分布的研究[J].动物学研究.1986.7(2):167～175.
[7] 吴诗宝,魏辅文,胡锦矗.唐家河自然保护区扭角羚种群动态及稳定性研究[J].四川师范学院学报(自然科学版).1998.19(2):142～146.
[8] Zhang M,Zhang Z,Li Z,et al.Giant panda foraging and movement patterns in response to bamboo shoot growth.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018.25:8636～8643.
[9] 胡锦矗.卧龙自然保护区大熊猫、牛羚、金丝猴生态生物学研究[M].成都:四川人民出版社,1981.
[10] 四川省林业厅.四川省第四次大熊猫调查报告[M].成都.四川科学技术出版社,2015.
[11] 秦自生,Tyler.A,蔡绪慎.卧龙大熊猫生态环境的竹子与森林动态演替[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1993.
[12] 张明春,黄金燕,黄炎,等.卧龙自然保护区拐棍竹笋生长发育初步研究[J].西华师范大学学报(自然科学版),2016,37(3):249～253.
[13] Liu J,Hull V,Yang W,Vina A,Chen X,Ouyang Z,Zhang H.Pandas and People:Coupling Human and Natural Systems for Sustainability.Oxford:Oxford University Press,2016.
[14] Dasmann R F.Wildlife Biology.New York:John wiley &Sons Inc,1964.
[15] 孙儒泳.动物生态学原理[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001.
[16] 官天培,谌利民,符建荣,等.唐家河国家级自然保护区扭角羚环境容纳量[J].四川林业科技,2015.36(3):69～74.
[17] 胡锦矗.哺乳动物学[M].深圳:中国教育出版社,2007.
[18] Tarlow E.M,Blumstein D.T.Evaluating methods to quantify anthropogenic stressors on wild animals.Applied Animal Behavior Science,2007,102:429～451.
[19] Zhang M,Wang X,Ding Y.Flight responses of blue sheep in Ningxia Helan Mountain National Nature Reserve,Folia Zoologica,2013,62(3):185～192.
[20] 国家林业局.全国第三次大熊猫调查报告.国家林业局[M].北京.科学出版社,2006.
[21] 吴家炎.西藏羚牛调查[J].动物学杂志,1981,(4):16～19.
[22] 黄华梨,张涛,杨文.白水江自然保护区羚牛的分布与栖息地特征[J].兽类学报,1996,16(3):230.
[23] 卧龙自然保护区管理局,南充师范学院生物系,四川省林业厅保护处.卧龙植被及资源植物[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1987.
[24] 卧龙自然保护区,四川师范学院.卧龙自然保护区动植物资源及保护[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1992.
[25] 魏辅文,胡锦矗.扭角羚的研究历史与进展.卧龙自然保护区动植物资源及保护[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1992.
[26] Frid A,Dill L.Human-caused disturbance stimuli as a form of predation risk.Conservation Ecology,2002,6:11.
[27] Fernandez-Juricic E,Schroeder N.Do variations in scanning behavior affect tolerance to human disturbance?Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2003,84:219～234.