反凸极永磁同步电机及其控制技术综述
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摘要
反凸极永磁同步电机的直轴电感大于交轴电感,与传统正凸极永磁同步电机相比,具有恒功率调速范围宽、过载能力强、空载反电动势低和永磁体不易退磁等特点,在数控机床主轴系统和电动车驱动系统等调速范围要求高的场合中具有广泛应用前景。文中针对反凸极永磁同步电机本体结构和电流控制技术发展现状两方面进行综述。总结反凸极永磁同步电机的特点;分析国内外径向磁场和轴向磁场反凸极电机的结构特点和电磁特性,归纳出其共性规律和个性差别;阐述目前该类电机的电流控制技术;对该类电机及其控制的主要研究方向进行展望。
The Ld of the Negative-salient Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors(NSPMSM) is greater than Lq.Compared with Positive-saliency Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors(PSPMSM), NSPMSM has broad application prospect in spindle system of number control machine tool and drive system of electric vehicle for its advantages, such as wide constant-power speed range, high overload capacity, low no-load back-EMF and preventing permanent magnet demagnetization. In this paper, we reviewed the development of NSPMSM structure and its current control technology respectively. Firstly, we summarize the features of NSPMSM. Secondly, we analyze the structural characteristics and electromagnetic characteristics for the NSPMSM at the site of radial magnetic field and axial magnetic field, and then summarize their commonality and personality differences.Moreover, we expound the current control technology of this kind of motors. Finally, the development prospect of NSPMSM are stated in the ontology and its control aspects.
The Ld of the Negative-salient Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors(NSPMSM) is greater than Lq.Compared with Positive-saliency Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors(PSPMSM), NSPMSM has broad application prospect in spindle system of number control machine tool and drive system of electric vehicle for its advantages, such as wide constant-power speed range, high overload capacity, low no-load back-EMF and preventing permanent magnet demagnetization. In this paper, we reviewed the development of NSPMSM structure and its current control technology respectively. Firstly, we summarize the features of NSPMSM. Secondly, we analyze the structural characteristics and electromagnetic characteristics for the NSPMSM at the site of radial magnetic field and axial magnetic field, and then summarize their commonality and personality differences.Moreover, we expound the current control technology of this kind of motors. Finally, the development prospect of NSPMSM are stated in the ontology and its control aspects.
引文
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[25]朱孝勇,杨深,全力,等.内置磁障式磁场增强型永磁无刷电机[P].CN106026597A,2016.Zhu Xiaoyong,Yang Shen,Quan Li,et al.Flux intensifying permanent magnet brushless motor with interior magnetic barrier[P].CN106026597A,2016(in Chinese).
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[32]Lu Yang,Li Jian,Qu Ronghai,et al.A method to improve torque density and reduce magnetization current in a variable-flux flux-intensifying interior permanent magnet machine[C]//2016 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference(VPPC).Hangzhou:IEEE,2016:1-5.
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[46]朱孝勇,张承宁,王静.车用宽调速直轴磁场增强型永磁无刷电机及其分区调磁控制[P].CN105281521A,2016.Zhu Xiaoyong,Zhang Chengning,Wang Jing.Wide-speed,constant-speed magnetic field enhanced permanent magnet brushless motor and its control of zoning[P].CN105281521A,2016(in Chinese).
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[2]程树康,李春艳,寇宝泉.具有变磁阻励磁回路的永磁同步电机可变励磁功能的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(33):17-21.Cheng Shukang,Li Chunyan,Kou Baoquan.Research on the variable exciting function of a variable exciting magnetic reluctance PMSM[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(33):17-21(in Chinese).
[3]陈益广,王颖,沈勇环,等.宽调速可控磁通永磁同步电机磁路设计和有限元分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(20):157-161.Chen Yiguang,Wang Ying,Shen Yonghuan,et al.Magnetic circuit design and Finite Element Analysis of wide-speed Controllable-Flux PMSM[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(20):157-161(in Chinese).
[4]张亮亮.宽弱磁调速范围永磁同步电机的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2009.Zhang Liangliang.Research on wide flux weakening speed range of permanent magnet synchronous motor[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2009(in Chinese).
[5]于吉坤.宽弱磁调速范围永磁同步主轴电机的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.Yu Jikun.Research on wide flux weakening speed range of permanent magnet synchronous spindle motor[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2011(in Chinese).
[6]杜鹏程.永磁同步电机弱磁调速技术研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2012.Du Pengcheng.Research on flux weakening speed control technique of permanent magnet synchronous motor[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2012(in Chinese).
[7]杨建飞,胡育文.永磁同步电机最优直接转矩控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(27):109-115.Yang Jianfei,Hu Yuwen.Optimal direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(27):109-115(in Chinese).
[8]贾溢华.具有宽调速范围的内置式永磁同步电动机优化设计[D].北京:华北电力大学,2012.Jia Yihua.Optimal design of interior permanent magnet synchronous machine with wide speed range[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2012(in Chinese).
[9]张桓.电动汽车宽调速用永磁电机转子磁钢结构排布设计[D].天津:天津大学,2012.Zhang Huan.The arrangement of PMSM rotor magnets structure for expanding the speed-adjusting range of the electric vehicle[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2012(in Chinese).
[10]王艾萌.内置式永磁同步电动机的优化设计及弱磁控制研究[D].保定:华北电力大学(河北),2010.Wang Yimeng.Optimal IPM machine design and flux weakening control[D].Baoding:North China Electric Power University(Hebei),2010(in Chinese).
[11]寇宝泉,白相林,李春艳,等.宽弱磁调速范围的永磁同步电机[P].CN101924445A,2010-12-22.Kou Baoquan,Bai Xianglin,Li Chunyan,et al.Permanent magnet synchronous motor with wide speed range[P].CN101924445A,2010-12-22(in Chinese).
[12]寇宝泉,贺铁锐,牛旭,等.直线磁阻电机[P].CN104362827A,2015-02-18.Kou Baoquan,He Tierui,Niu Xu,et al.Linear reluctance motor[P].CN104362827A,2015-02-18(in Chinese).
[13]Bianchi N,Bolognani S.Performance analysis of an IPMmotor with segmented rotor for flux-weakening applications[C]//Ninth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives.Canterbury,UK:IEEE,1999:49-53.
[14]Bianchi N,Bolognani S,Chalmers B J.Salient-rotor PMsynchronous motors for an extended flux-weakening operation range[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2000,36(4):1118-1125.
[15]Limsuwan N,Shibukawa Y,Reigosa D D,et al.Novel design of flux-intensifying interior permanent magnet synchronous machine suitable for self-sensing control at very low speed and power conversion[J].IEEETransactions on Industry Applications,2011,47(5):2004-2012.
[16]Prins M H A,Kamper M J.Design optimisation of field-intensified permanent magnet machine[C]//2014International Conference on Electrical Machines(ICEM).Berlin:IEEE,2014:117-123.
[17]Villet W T,Prins M H A,Vorster C W,et al.Saliency performance investigation of synchronous machines for position sensorless controlled EV drives[C]//2013 IEEEInternational Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives and Predictive Control of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics(SLED/PRECEDE).Munich:IEEE,2013:1-8.
[18]Tu Hongjiao,Zhu Xiaoyong,Quan Li,et al.Electromagnetic performances analysis of fluxintensifying permanent magnet synchronous machine with modular fractional slot concentrated windings[C]//17th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems.Hangzhou:IEEE,2014:1990-1994.
[19]郑菲菲.一种新颖反凸极结构永磁同步电机的设计与分析[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.Zheng Feifei.Design and analysis of permanent magnet synchronous motor with novel reverse salient-pole structure[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2015(in Chinese).
[20]Yan Bing,Zhu Xiaoyong,Chen Long.Design and evaluation of a new flux-intensifying permanent magnet brushless motor[C]//17th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems(ICEMS).Hangzhou:IEEE,2014:673-677.
[21]Zhu Xiaoyong,Yang Shen,Du Yi,et al.Electromagnetic performance analysis and verification of a new flux-intensifying permanent magnet brushless motor with two-layer segmented permanent magnets[J].IEEETransactions on Magnetics,2016,52(7):8204004.
[22]朱孝勇,张承宁,王静.车用宽调速直轴磁场增强型永磁无刷电机[P].CN204696888U,2015.Zhu Xiaoyong,Zhang Chengning,Wang Jing.Flux intensifying permanent magnet brushless motor with wide speed range for electric vehicle[P].CN204696888U,2015(in Chinese).
[23]朱孝勇,闫兵,全力,等.电动汽车用直轴磁场增强型宽调速永磁无刷电机[P].CN104253499A,2014-12-31.Zhu Xiaoyong,Yan Bing,Quan Li,et al.Flux intensifying permanent magnet brushless motor with wide speed range for electric vehicle[P].CN104253499A,2014-12-31(in Chinese).
[24]杨深.磁场增强型永磁无刷电机的设计与分析[D].镇江:江苏大学,2017.Yang Shen.Design and analysis of a flux intensifying permanent magnet brushless motor[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2017(in Chinese).
[25]朱孝勇,杨深,全力,等.内置磁障式磁场增强型永磁无刷电机[P].CN106026597A,2016.Zhu Xiaoyong,Yang Shen,Quan Li,et al.Flux intensifying permanent magnet brushless motor with interior magnetic barrier[P].CN106026597A,2016(in Chinese).
[26]Limsuwan N,Kato T,Akatsu K,et al.Design and evaluation of a variable-flux flux-intensifying interior permanent-magnet machine[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2014,50(2):1015-1024.
[27]Fukushige T,Limsuwan N,Kato T,et al.Efficiency contours and loss minimization over a driving cycle of a variable flux-intensifying machine[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2015,51(4):2984-2989.
[28]Kato T,Limsuwan N,Yu C Y,et al.Rare earth reduction using a novel variable magnetomotive force fluxintensified IPM Machine[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2014,50(3):1748-1756.
[29]Limsuwan N,Fukushige T,Akatsu K,et al.Design methodology for variable-flux,flux-intensifying interior permanent magnet machines for an electric-vehicle-class inverter rating[C]//2013 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.Denver,CO,USA:IEEE,2013:1547-1554.
[30]Ibrahim M,Pillay P.Design of high torque density variable flux permanent magnet machine using Alnico magnets[C]//2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.Pittsburgh:IEEE,2014:3535-3540.
[31]Ibrahim M,Masisi L,Pillay P.Design of variable flux permanent-magnet machine for reduced inverter rating[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2015,51(5):3666-3674.
[32]Lu Yang,Li Jian,Qu Ronghai,et al.A method to improve torque density and reduce magnetization current in a variable-flux flux-intensifying interior permanent magnet machine[C]//2016 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference(VPPC).Hangzhou:IEEE,2016:1-5.
[33]Sun Afang,Li Jian,Qu Ronghai,et al.Magnetization and performance analysis of a variable-flux flux-intensifying interior permanent magnet machine[C]//2015 IEEEInternational Electric Machines&Drives Conference(IEMDC).Coeur d'Alene,ID,USA:IEEE,2015:369-375.
[34]Chui M T,Chiang J A,Gaing Z L,et al.Design of a novel flux-intensifying interior permanent-magnet motor for applying to refrigerant compressor[C]//18th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems(ICEMS).Pattaya:IEEE,2015:232-236.
[35]Lu Yang,Li Jian,Qu Roghai,et al.Design and analysis of a hybrid permanent magnet variable-flux fluxintensifying machine[C]//19th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems(ICEMS).Chiba:IEEE,2016:1-6.
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