行人与不同车型车碰撞事故中头部损伤来源
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摘要
为更好地了解行人与不同车型车碰撞事故中头部损伤来源,选取轿车、运动型多功能车(SUV)及客车3种典型车型,以车速为变量设计仿真试验。首先借助一个真实案例验证Pc-Crash软件,然后利用该软件开展仿真试验,并用已有模型验证轿车事故中的行人抛距值,最后通过做图分析可知:3种车型事故中行人头部损伤程度均随车速的提升而加重;在相同车速下,SUV事故中行人头部损伤最严重;不同车型事故中,车辆所致损伤最高的是SUV型车,而地面所致损伤最高的是客车;轿车与SUV事故中行人头部损伤主要来源于车辆撞击,而客车事故中行人头部损伤来源较为复杂,但多数情况下来源于地面撞击。
In order to known more information about the source of head injury in vehicle-pedestrian accident, simulation experiments were designed with the velocity as an independent variable. Three types of vehicles were involved in the experiments, including a car, an SUV, and a bus. Further, the Pc-Crash was validated by a vehicle- pedestrian test and then the experiments were conducted by the software. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the head injury and the velocity, that for a given velocity, the worst head injury is caused by the SUV, that the worst head injury by the ground occurs in accidents involving the bus, and that the source of head injury in a car/SUV-pedestrian accident is the vehicle while the source of the head injury in a bus- pedestrian accident is the ground.
In order to known more information about the source of head injury in vehicle-pedestrian accident, simulation experiments were designed with the velocity as an independent variable. Three types of vehicles were involved in the experiments, including a car, an SUV, and a bus. Further, the Pc-Crash was validated by a vehicle- pedestrian test and then the experiments were conducted by the software. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the head injury and the velocity, that for a given velocity, the worst head injury is caused by the SUV, that the worst head injury by the ground occurs in accidents involving the bus, and that the source of head injury in a car/SUV-pedestrian accident is the vehicle while the source of the head injury in a bus- pedestrian accident is the ground.
引文
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[10]SIMMS C K,WOOD D P.Effects pf pre-impact pedestrian position and motion on kinematics and injuries from vehicle and ground contact[J].International Journal of Crash Worthiness,2006,11(4):345-355.
[11]FREDRIKSSON R,ROSEN E,KULLGREN A.Priorities of pedestrian protection–a real life study of severe injuries and car sources[J].Accident Analysis and Prevention,2010,42:1 672-1 681.
[12]冯成建,王富平,徐臣,等.基于人车碰撞事故重建的行人头部动力学响应[J].医用生物力学,2013,28(2):164-170.FENG Chengjian,WANG Fuping,XU Chen,et al.Head dynamic response based on reconstruction of vehicle-pedestrian accident with the video[J].Journal of Medical Biomechanics,2013,28(2):164-170.
[13]邹铁方,尹若愚,易亮,等.基于Pc-Crash的多车碰撞事故再现仿真分步方法[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(5):59-63.ZOU Tiefang,YIN Ruoyu,YI Liang,et al.A stepwise simulation method for reconstructing multiple vehicle collision accident based on Pc-Crash[J].China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(5):59-63.
[14]邹铁方,张勇刚,陈元新.基于Pc-Crash的车辆侧滑事故再现方法[J].中国安全科学学报,2013,23(1):77-82.ZOU Tiefang,ZHANG Yonggang,CHEN Yuanxin.A method for reconstruction of vehicle sideslip accidents based on Pc-Crash[J].China Safety Science Journal,2013,23(1):77-82.
[2]LI Zhengdong,ZOU Donghua,LIU Ningguo,et al.Finite element analysis of pedestrian lower limb fractures by direct force:the result of being run over of impact?[J].Forensic Science International,2013,229(1/2/3):43-51.
[3]DAVIS Gary A.A Bayesian approach to cross-validation in pedestrian accident reconstruction[J].SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Mechanical Systems,2011,4(1):293-303.
[4]邹铁方,赵力萱,张勇刚,等.基于人车最终距离的碰撞车速估算模型[J].汽车工程,2015,37(7):772-776.ZOU Tiefang,ZHAO Lixuan,ZHANG Yonggang,et al.A model for impact velocity estimation based on final distance between pedestrian and vehicle[J].Automotive Engineering,2015,37(7):772-776.
[5]邹铁方,刘雨,李平凡,等.汽车-摩托车碰撞事故车速及碰撞位置预估方法[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(1):105-110.ZOU Tiefang,LIU Yu,LI Pingfan,et al.A method for evaluating impact velocity and impact position in car-motorcycle accidents[J].China Safety Science Journal,2015,25(1):105-110.
[6]PENG Yong,YANG Jikuang,DECK Caroline,et.al.Finite element modeling of crash test behavior of windshield laminated glass[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2013,57:27-35.
[7]XU Jun,LI Yibing,LU Guangquan,et al.Reconstruction model of vehicle impact speed in pedestrian-vehicle accident[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2009,36:783-788.
[8]OTTE D,POHLEMANN T.Analysis and load assessment of secondary impact to adult pedestrians after car collisions on roads[C].Proceedings of the International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Trauma,2001:143-157.
[9]杨济匡.汽车与行人碰撞中的损伤生物力学研究概览[J].汽车工程学报,2011,1(2):81-93.YANG Jikuang.Overview of research on injury biomechanics in car-pedestrian collisions[J].Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering,2011,1(2):81-93.
[10]SIMMS C K,WOOD D P.Effects pf pre-impact pedestrian position and motion on kinematics and injuries from vehicle and ground contact[J].International Journal of Crash Worthiness,2006,11(4):345-355.
[11]FREDRIKSSON R,ROSEN E,KULLGREN A.Priorities of pedestrian protection–a real life study of severe injuries and car sources[J].Accident Analysis and Prevention,2010,42:1 672-1 681.
[12]冯成建,王富平,徐臣,等.基于人车碰撞事故重建的行人头部动力学响应[J].医用生物力学,2013,28(2):164-170.FENG Chengjian,WANG Fuping,XU Chen,et al.Head dynamic response based on reconstruction of vehicle-pedestrian accident with the video[J].Journal of Medical Biomechanics,2013,28(2):164-170.
[13]邹铁方,尹若愚,易亮,等.基于Pc-Crash的多车碰撞事故再现仿真分步方法[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(5):59-63.ZOU Tiefang,YIN Ruoyu,YI Liang,et al.A stepwise simulation method for reconstructing multiple vehicle collision accident based on Pc-Crash[J].China Safety Science Journal,2016,26(5):59-63.
[14]邹铁方,张勇刚,陈元新.基于Pc-Crash的车辆侧滑事故再现方法[J].中国安全科学学报,2013,23(1):77-82.ZOU Tiefang,ZHANG Yonggang,CHEN Yuanxin.A method for reconstruction of vehicle sideslip accidents based on Pc-Crash[J].China Safety Science Journal,2013,23(1):77-82.