含油气盆地微渗漏甲烷运移机制研究进展
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摘要
地质甲烷是仅次于湿地甲烷的第二大天然甲烷源,全球约10%的甲烷来自于地质甲烷释放。含油气盆地的甲烷是地质甲烷的重要组成部分,其渗漏主要分为点源微渗漏和面源微渗漏,影响甲烷微渗漏的关键在于CH_4等烃类气体渗漏过程的运移机制。综述了甲烷微渗漏过程中控制气体运移的基本因素和运移动力,重点介绍了甲烷微渗漏气体的主要运移方式,并以新疆塔里木盆地大宛齐油田的微渗漏甲烷通量监测为例,探讨了含油气盆地甲烷微渗漏的运移机制。
Geological methane is second only to wetland methane in source of natural methane. About 10% of the global methane comes from the release of geological methane. Methane in hydrocarbon-prone areas is an important part of geological methane, and its seepage can be mainly divided into focused flow and diffuse flow. The key to influencing methane seepage is the migration mechanism of CH_4 and other hydrocarbon gas seepage process. This paper summarizes the fundamentals and driving forces for gas migration in the process of methane microseepage, and highlights the main forms of gas migration of microseepage. By detecting the microseepage methane flux of Dawanqi oilfield in Tarim basin, Xinjiang, China, the migration mechanism of microseepage in hydrocarbon-prone basins is discussed.
Geological methane is second only to wetland methane in source of natural methane. About 10% of the global methane comes from the release of geological methane. Methane in hydrocarbon-prone areas is an important part of geological methane, and its seepage can be mainly divided into focused flow and diffuse flow. The key to influencing methane seepage is the migration mechanism of CH_4 and other hydrocarbon gas seepage process. This paper summarizes the fundamentals and driving forces for gas migration in the process of methane microseepage, and highlights the main forms of gas migration of microseepage. By detecting the microseepage methane flux of Dawanqi oilfield in Tarim basin, Xinjiang, China, the migration mechanism of microseepage in hydrocarbon-prone basins is discussed.
引文
[1] ETIOPE G, KLUSMAN R W. Geologic emissions of methane to the atmosphere[J]. Chemosphere, 2002, 49: 777-789.
[2] HUNT J M. Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology[M]. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1996: 743.
[3] ETIOPE G. Subsoil CO2 and CH4 and their advective transfer from faulted grassland to the atmosphere[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 1999, 104(14): 16889-16894.
[4] ETIOPE G. Natural gas seepage: The Earth’s Hydrocarbon Degassing[M]. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2015: 17.
[5] DARLING W G, GOODDY D C. The hydrogeochemistry of methane: evidence from English groundwaters[J]. Chemical Geology, 2006, 229(4): 293-312.
[6] MUSKAT M. The flow of homogeneous fluids through porous media[J]. Soil Science, 1938, 46(2): 902-903.
[7] TUCKER J, HITZMAN D. Long-term and seasonal trends in the response of hydrocarbon-utilizing microbes to light hydrocarbon gases in shallow soils[J]. AAPG Memoir, 1996, 66: 353-357.
[8] WAGNER M, WAGNER M, PISKE J, et al. Case histories of microbial prospection for oil and gas, onshore and offshore in northwest Europe[C]//Surface exploration case histories: Applications of Geochemistry, Magnetics and Remote Sensing, 2002: 453-479.
[9] VAN DER MEER F, VAN DIJK P, VAN DER WERFF H, et al. Remote sensing and petroleum seepage: A review and case study[J]. Terra Nova, 2002, 14(1): 1-17.
[10] LIU Q, CHAN L, LIU Q, et al. Relationship between magnetic anomalies and hydrocarbon microseepage above the Jingbian gas field, Ordos basin, China[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2004, 88(2): 241-251.
[11] 杨俊, 沈忠民, 王国建, 等. 济阳拗陷临南——钱官屯地区烃类微渗漏特征及异常成因[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 42(6): 709-718.
[12] ITALIANO F, FAVARA R, ETIOPE G, et al. Submarine emissions of greenhouse gases from hydrothermal and sedimentary areas[J]. Water-Rock Interaction, 2001: 863-866.
[13] ETIOPE G, SHERWOOD LOLLAR B. Abiotic methane on Earth[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 2013, 51(2): 276-299.
[14] SUGISAKI R, MIMURA K. Mantle hydrocarbons: Abiotic or biotic?[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1994, 58(11): 2527-2542.
[15] 许跃, 唐俊红, 王国建, 等. 含油气盆地地质甲烷释放研究综述[J]. 地质学报, 2016, 90(3): 553-558.
[16] PRICE L C. A critical overview and proposed working model of surface geochemical exploration[C]//Unconventional Methods in Exploration for Petroleum and Natural Gas, Symposium IV. Southern Methodist University Press, 1986, 245-304.
[17] KLUSMAN R W, SAEED M A. Comparison of light hydrocarbon microseepage mechanisms[J]. Aapg Memoir, 1996, 66:157-168.
[18] SAUNDERS D F, BURSON K R, THOMPSON C K. Model for hydrocarbon microseepage and related near-surface alterations[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1999, 83(1): 170-185.
[19] BROWN A. Evaluation of possible gas microseepage mechanisms[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2000, 84(11): 1775-1789.
[20] TELLER A J, MILLER S A, SCHEIBEL E G. Liquid-gas systems [C]//New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1963: 12-17.
[21] MACDOUGALL F H. Kinetic Theory of Liquids. By J. Frenkel [J]. Journal of Physical & Colloid Chemistry, 2002, 51(4):1032-1033.
[22] HIRTH J P, POUND G M, PIERRE G R S. Bubble nucleation[J]. Metallurgical Transactions, 1970, 1(4):939-945.
[23] TSUGE H. Hydrodynamics of bubble formation from submerged orifices[J]. Encyclopedia of Fluid Mechanics, 1986, 3: 191-232.
[24] ETIOPE G, MARTINELLI G. Migration of carrier and trace gases in the geosphere: an overview[J]. Physics of the Earth & Planetary Interiors, 2002, 129(3):185-204.
[25] HEINICKE J, KOCH U. Slug flow-a possible explanation for hydrogeochemical earthquake precursors at Bad Brambach, Germany[J]. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2000, 157(10): 1621-1641.
[26] ETIOPE G, LOMBARDI S. Laboratory simulation of geogas microbubble flow[J]. Environmental Geology, 1996, 27(3): 226-232.
[27] CIOTOLI G, ETIOPE G, GUERRA M, et al. Migration of gas injected into a fault in low-permeability ground[J]. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 2005, 38(3): 305-320.
[2] HUNT J M. Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology[M]. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1996: 743.
[3] ETIOPE G. Subsoil CO2 and CH4 and their advective transfer from faulted grassland to the atmosphere[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 1999, 104(14): 16889-16894.
[4] ETIOPE G. Natural gas seepage: The Earth’s Hydrocarbon Degassing[M]. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2015: 17.
[5] DARLING W G, GOODDY D C. The hydrogeochemistry of methane: evidence from English groundwaters[J]. Chemical Geology, 2006, 229(4): 293-312.
[6] MUSKAT M. The flow of homogeneous fluids through porous media[J]. Soil Science, 1938, 46(2): 902-903.
[7] TUCKER J, HITZMAN D. Long-term and seasonal trends in the response of hydrocarbon-utilizing microbes to light hydrocarbon gases in shallow soils[J]. AAPG Memoir, 1996, 66: 353-357.
[8] WAGNER M, WAGNER M, PISKE J, et al. Case histories of microbial prospection for oil and gas, onshore and offshore in northwest Europe[C]//Surface exploration case histories: Applications of Geochemistry, Magnetics and Remote Sensing, 2002: 453-479.
[9] VAN DER MEER F, VAN DIJK P, VAN DER WERFF H, et al. Remote sensing and petroleum seepage: A review and case study[J]. Terra Nova, 2002, 14(1): 1-17.
[10] LIU Q, CHAN L, LIU Q, et al. Relationship between magnetic anomalies and hydrocarbon microseepage above the Jingbian gas field, Ordos basin, China[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2004, 88(2): 241-251.
[11] 杨俊, 沈忠民, 王国建, 等. 济阳拗陷临南——钱官屯地区烃类微渗漏特征及异常成因[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 42(6): 709-718.
[12] ITALIANO F, FAVARA R, ETIOPE G, et al. Submarine emissions of greenhouse gases from hydrothermal and sedimentary areas[J]. Water-Rock Interaction, 2001: 863-866.
[13] ETIOPE G, SHERWOOD LOLLAR B. Abiotic methane on Earth[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 2013, 51(2): 276-299.
[14] SUGISAKI R, MIMURA K. Mantle hydrocarbons: Abiotic or biotic?[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1994, 58(11): 2527-2542.
[15] 许跃, 唐俊红, 王国建, 等. 含油气盆地地质甲烷释放研究综述[J]. 地质学报, 2016, 90(3): 553-558.
[16] PRICE L C. A critical overview and proposed working model of surface geochemical exploration[C]//Unconventional Methods in Exploration for Petroleum and Natural Gas, Symposium IV. Southern Methodist University Press, 1986, 245-304.
[17] KLUSMAN R W, SAEED M A. Comparison of light hydrocarbon microseepage mechanisms[J]. Aapg Memoir, 1996, 66:157-168.
[18] SAUNDERS D F, BURSON K R, THOMPSON C K. Model for hydrocarbon microseepage and related near-surface alterations[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1999, 83(1): 170-185.
[19] BROWN A. Evaluation of possible gas microseepage mechanisms[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2000, 84(11): 1775-1789.
[20] TELLER A J, MILLER S A, SCHEIBEL E G. Liquid-gas systems [C]//New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1963: 12-17.
[21] MACDOUGALL F H. Kinetic Theory of Liquids. By J. Frenkel [J]. Journal of Physical & Colloid Chemistry, 2002, 51(4):1032-1033.
[22] HIRTH J P, POUND G M, PIERRE G R S. Bubble nucleation[J]. Metallurgical Transactions, 1970, 1(4):939-945.
[23] TSUGE H. Hydrodynamics of bubble formation from submerged orifices[J]. Encyclopedia of Fluid Mechanics, 1986, 3: 191-232.
[24] ETIOPE G, MARTINELLI G. Migration of carrier and trace gases in the geosphere: an overview[J]. Physics of the Earth & Planetary Interiors, 2002, 129(3):185-204.
[25] HEINICKE J, KOCH U. Slug flow-a possible explanation for hydrogeochemical earthquake precursors at Bad Brambach, Germany[J]. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2000, 157(10): 1621-1641.
[26] ETIOPE G, LOMBARDI S. Laboratory simulation of geogas microbubble flow[J]. Environmental Geology, 1996, 27(3): 226-232.
[27] CIOTOLI G, ETIOPE G, GUERRA M, et al. Migration of gas injected into a fault in low-permeability ground[J]. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 2005, 38(3): 305-320.