郑州地下水均衡试验场的改建工程——总体思路与应用展望
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摘要
郑州地下水均衡试验场的改建,是由中国地质环境监测院主持的国家地下水监测工程中地下水均衡试验场的改建项目之一,由河南省地质环境监测院具体负责实施。文章详细论述了改建工程的总体思路、各实施环节的具体做法、运行及其应用前景。在改建时充分考虑到试验介质对河南省的代表性;试验柱要有较好的力学、热学性能;数据采集要全面自动化;监测面适当拓宽等。在总体思路下,设计了由玻璃钢材质构建的试验筒,选取河南省5个典型地貌单元采集的试验介质,构成了模拟包气带多层地质结构的1,2,3,5,7 m试验柱共计25个。围绕试验柱设计了能模拟控制水位埋深的自动补水仪25台,以及为了探测试验柱内水分运移信息设置了负压传感器140只、水分传感器(含温度) 140只。数据采集采用了逐级集成的方法,大大简化了线路布设,据此设计了一台数据采集箱,可及时获得实验过程的环境信息。在试验场设置了能测定空气温度、空气湿度、气压、风向、风速、降水量、蒸发量的小型(主杆3 m)气象站一座;在试验场设置了太阳全辐射、太阳净辐射与太阳直射的观测仪各一台。试验场还设置了0. 3 m~2和1 m~2口径的蒸发量(含降水量)对比观测设施一处。要真正解决试验成果的实际应用问题,应注意开展野外包气带参数的研究。
The reconstruction project of groundwater balance experiment site of Zhengzhou was hosted by geoenvironmental monitoring institute of Henan Province,belongs to one of the national groundwater monitoring projects,which is performed by Institute of China Geo-Environment Monitoring. This paper discusses in detail the general ideas,the specific practices of each implementation link,operation and its application prospects of the reconstruction project. In the reconstruction,the representative of test medium to Henan Province should be fully noticed,the test column should have better mechanical and thermal properties,the data collection should be fully automated,and the monitoring area should be properly broadened. Under the general idea,a test tube constructed of FRP material was designed,and the test media collected by five typical geomorphic units in Henan Province were selected to construct a total of 25 test columns of 1,2,3,5,7 meters for simulating multi-layer geological structure of vadose zone. A total of 25 automatic water supplying instrument were designed to simulate and control the depth of water level around the test column,and 140 negative pressure sensors and 140 moisture sensors( including temperature) were set to detect the moisture movement information in the test column. Data collection adopts a step-by-step integration approach that greatly simplifies the cable line,based on this,a data acquisition box is designed to obtain the environmental information of the experimental process in time. In the experiment site,a small( 3 m main pole) weather station capable of measuring air temperature,air humidity,air pressure,wind direction,wind speed,precipitation,and evaporation was set up; one set of solar radiation, solar radiation and direct sunlight is installed; a comparative observation facility for evaporation( including precipitation) of 0. 3 m~2 and 1 m~2 calibres was also set up. Finally,the paper points out that attention should be paid to the study of vadose zone parameters in the field in order to truly solve the practical application of test results.
The reconstruction project of groundwater balance experiment site of Zhengzhou was hosted by geoenvironmental monitoring institute of Henan Province,belongs to one of the national groundwater monitoring projects,which is performed by Institute of China Geo-Environment Monitoring. This paper discusses in detail the general ideas,the specific practices of each implementation link,operation and its application prospects of the reconstruction project. In the reconstruction,the representative of test medium to Henan Province should be fully noticed,the test column should have better mechanical and thermal properties,the data collection should be fully automated,and the monitoring area should be properly broadened. Under the general idea,a test tube constructed of FRP material was designed,and the test media collected by five typical geomorphic units in Henan Province were selected to construct a total of 25 test columns of 1,2,3,5,7 meters for simulating multi-layer geological structure of vadose zone. A total of 25 automatic water supplying instrument were designed to simulate and control the depth of water level around the test column,and 140 negative pressure sensors and 140 moisture sensors( including temperature) were set to detect the moisture movement information in the test column. Data collection adopts a step-by-step integration approach that greatly simplifies the cable line,based on this,a data acquisition box is designed to obtain the environmental information of the experimental process in time. In the experiment site,a small( 3 m main pole) weather station capable of measuring air temperature,air humidity,air pressure,wind direction,wind speed,precipitation,and evaporation was set up; one set of solar radiation, solar radiation and direct sunlight is installed; a comparative observation facility for evaporation( including precipitation) of 0. 3 m~2 and 1 m~2 calibres was also set up. Finally,the paper points out that attention should be paid to the study of vadose zone parameters in the field in order to truly solve the practical application of test results.
引文
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[14]任敬,范宣梅,赵程,等.贵州省都匀市滑坡易发性评价研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2018,45(5):171-178.[REN J,FAN X M,ZHAO C,et al. Evaluation of the landslide vulnerability in Duyun of Guizhou Province[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2018,45(5):171-178.(in Chinese)]
[15] REHFELDT K R,BOGGS J M,GELHAR L W. Field study of dispersion in a heterogeneous aquifer:3.Geostatistical analysis of hydraulic conductivity[J].Water Resources Research, 1992, 28(12):3309-3324.
[2]新疆农业大学.新疆平原区大气降水、灌溉水、土壤水与地下水水量转化关系实验研究[M].乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,2002.[Xinjiang Agricultural University. Experimental study on the relationship between atmospheric precipitation,irrigation water,soil water and groundwater conversion in the plain of Xinjiang[M]. Urumqi:Xinjiang Science and Technology Health Press,2002.(in Chinese)]
[3]张德祯,徐世民.河南地下水均衡监测试验研究[J].河南地质,1994,12(1):41-45.[ZHANG D Z, XU S M. The experimental research on groundwater graded monitoring in Hennan province[J]. Henan Geology,1994,12(1):41-45.(in Chinese)]
[4]潘登,孙淼,豆敬峰,等.郑州地下水均衡试验场改建探析[J].资源信息与工程,2017,32(6):150-151.[PAN D, SUN M, DOU J F, et al.Reconstruction and analysis of groundwater balance experiment site of Zhengzhou[J]. Resource Information And Engineering,2017,32(6):150-151.(in Chinese)]
[5]水总[2015]250号,水利部.水利部、国土资源部印发《关于国家地下水监测工程初步设计报告的批复》[Z].北京:水利部,2015.[Water Total[2015] No. 250, MWR. The ministry of water resources and the ministry of land and resources issued the"reply on the preliminary design report of the national groundwater monitoring project"[Z]. Beijing:MWR,2015.(in Chinese)]
[6]戚蓝,于泳.泥皮对灌注桩承载能力的影响研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2015,133(6):133-138.[QI L,YU Y. An analysis of the effect of slurry skin of the bored piles and improvement measures[J]. China Rural Water And Hydropower,2015,133(6):133-138.(in Chinese)]
[7]李俊亭,王文科.包气带负压传感器:中国,ZL00635487[P]. 2012-02-26.[LI J T,WANG W K. Vadose suction Sensor:Chinese,ZL00635487[P]. 2012-02-26.(in Chinese)]
[8]谢森传,沈言琍.马利奥特(Mariotte)瓶装置的改进及应用[J].水文地质工程地质,1985,12(2):22-23.[XIE S C,SHEN Y L. Improvement and application of Mariotte bottle device[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1985,12(2):22-23.(in Chinese)]
[9]申圆圆,李俊亭.全自动蒸发降水计量装置:中国,ZL0042751X[P]. 2016-05-18.[SHEN Y Y,LI J T. Automatic evaporative precipitation metering device:Chinese,ZL0042751X[P]. 2016-05-18.(in Chinese)]
[10]张蔚榛.包气带水分运移问题讲座(一)——包气带水分运移基本方程[J].水文地质工程地质,1981,8(1):49-53.[ZHANG W Z. Lecture on water transport in vadose zone:Basic equation of water transport in aerated zone[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,1981,8(1):49-53.(in Chinese)]
[11]刘洪战,田源,杨坡.细颗粒沉积物分布区地下水源热泵抽灌井施工工艺探讨[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(1):36-40.[LIU H Z,TIAN Y,YANG P.A discussion of the construction technology of pumping and injection wells in the fine particle sediment distribution area[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2017,44(1):36-40.(in Chinese)]
[12]雷志栋,杨诗秀,谢森传.土壤水动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988:321-341.[LEI Z D,YANG S X,XIE S C. Soil hydrodynamics[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1988:321-341.(in Chinese)]
[13]侯景儒.地质统计学的理论与方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1990:345-353.[HOU J L. Theory and Method of Geostatistics[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1990:345-353.(in chinese)]
[14]任敬,范宣梅,赵程,等.贵州省都匀市滑坡易发性评价研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2018,45(5):171-178.[REN J,FAN X M,ZHAO C,et al. Evaluation of the landslide vulnerability in Duyun of Guizhou Province[J]. Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2018,45(5):171-178.(in Chinese)]
[15] REHFELDT K R,BOGGS J M,GELHAR L W. Field study of dispersion in a heterogeneous aquifer:3.Geostatistical analysis of hydraulic conductivity[J].Water Resources Research, 1992, 28(12):3309-3324.