特殊地质条件下流动相原油在沿海土-水系统中的运移过程及机制研究
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摘要
原油作为主要能源之一对现代社会的重要作用不言而喻,但其所带来的污染危害同样不容忽视.通过自制的有机玻璃水槽,建立模型模拟自然地层的非均质性,模拟了原油在沿海土-水系统中的运移过程,探讨了局部非渗透性透镜体、底部隔水层、土壤初始含水率、土壤质地、岩性突变界面对原油在砂土中运移速度和路径的影响.结果表明,局部非渗透性透镜体和底部隔水层对原油的运移具有阻碍作用,会改变其运动速度和路径.在一定范围内,土壤初始含水率越高,原油的侧向运移速率和垂向运移速率越大(模拟成层性土层中原油垂向运移速率随含水率增大,由0.43 cm·min~(-1)增大到1.00 cm·min~(-1),在低含水率区域原油侧向运移速率分别为0.08 cm·min~(-1)(粗-细界面)和0.10 cm·min~(-1)(细-粗界面),而在含水率较高的区域则为0.14 cm·min~(-1)),而过高的含水率又会阻碍原油的运移.土壤孔隙越大,垂向运移越快,侧向运移越慢,反之,垂向运移越慢,侧向运移越快(模拟成层性土层中,原油在粗砂中的垂向平均运移速率为0.54 cm·min~(-1),而在细砂中仅为0.33 cm·min~(-1),自然泄漏时原油在粗砂中的最大扩散范围为9.10 cm,在细砂中为12.50 cm).原油在土壤中运移遇到岩性突变界面时,会产生聚集效应,在聚集处产生侧向运移,试验中在粗-细界面扩散宽度为6.70 cm,在细-粗界面扩散宽度为29.00 cm.
It is self-evident that crude oil plays an important role in modern society, but its pollution can not be ignored. The migration of crude oil in the coastal soil-water system in a self-made plexiglass sink were studied through simulating the heterogeneity of natural strata. the effects of the local low permeability lens, bottom water barrier, initial moisture content of soil, lithology mutation interface on the migration velocities and paths of crude oil in soil were explored. The results show that the local low permeability lens and bottom water barrier have hindering effect an will change the migration velocity and route of crude oil. Within a certain range, the higher the initial soil water content, the higher the lateral and vertical migration rates of crude oil(in the experiment of layered soil, the vertical migration velocity of crude oil increases with the water content from 0.43 cm·min~(-1) to 1.00 cm·min~(-1), and the lateral migration rate of crude oil in the low water content region is 0.01 cm·min~(-1) and 0.08 cm·min~(-1), while in the region with a high water content, it is 0.14 cm·min~(-1)), but the excessive moisture content will impede the migration of crude oil. The larger of the soil porosity, the faster of the vertical migration and the slower of the lateral migration; on the contrary, the smaller of the soil porosity, the slower of the vertical migration and the faster the lateral migration is(in the experiment of layered soil, the vertical average migration rate of crude oil in coarse sand is 0.54 cm·min~(-1), while it is only 0.33 cm·min~(-1) in fine sand, the maximum diffusion range of crude oil in coarse sand during natural leakage is 9.10 cm, while it is 12.50 cm in fine sand).When the crude oil comes across lithology mutation interface in the migration in the soil, it will produce an aggregation effect, and the lateral migration will produce at the gathering place, the diffusion width at the coarse-fine interface was 6.70 cm, and the diffusion width at the fine-coarse interface was 29.00 cm in the experiment.
It is self-evident that crude oil plays an important role in modern society, but its pollution can not be ignored. The migration of crude oil in the coastal soil-water system in a self-made plexiglass sink were studied through simulating the heterogeneity of natural strata. the effects of the local low permeability lens, bottom water barrier, initial moisture content of soil, lithology mutation interface on the migration velocities and paths of crude oil in soil were explored. The results show that the local low permeability lens and bottom water barrier have hindering effect an will change the migration velocity and route of crude oil. Within a certain range, the higher the initial soil water content, the higher the lateral and vertical migration rates of crude oil(in the experiment of layered soil, the vertical migration velocity of crude oil increases with the water content from 0.43 cm·min~(-1) to 1.00 cm·min~(-1), and the lateral migration rate of crude oil in the low water content region is 0.01 cm·min~(-1) and 0.08 cm·min~(-1), while in the region with a high water content, it is 0.14 cm·min~(-1)), but the excessive moisture content will impede the migration of crude oil. The larger of the soil porosity, the faster of the vertical migration and the slower of the lateral migration; on the contrary, the smaller of the soil porosity, the slower of the vertical migration and the faster the lateral migration is(in the experiment of layered soil, the vertical average migration rate of crude oil in coarse sand is 0.54 cm·min~(-1), while it is only 0.33 cm·min~(-1) in fine sand, the maximum diffusion range of crude oil in coarse sand during natural leakage is 9.10 cm, while it is 12.50 cm in fine sand).When the crude oil comes across lithology mutation interface in the migration in the soil, it will produce an aggregation effect, and the lateral migration will produce at the gathering place, the diffusion width at the coarse-fine interface was 6.70 cm, and the diffusion width at the fine-coarse interface was 29.00 cm in the experiment.
引文
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束善治,梁宏伟,袁勇.2002.轻非水相液体在非均质地层包气带中运移和分布特征数值分析[J].水利学报,33(11):31-37
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王学力,王榕,田西宁,等.2015.漠大线沿线地区土壤中原油迁移规律研究[J].环境工程,33(11):166-170
张博闻.2010.原油在土壤中入渗的试验研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学
张海玲,李岩,杨琴.2013.黄土塬区土壤中原油迁移规律研究[J].环境工程,31(S1):637-641
张鹏,李春城,李国玉,等.2016.冻融循环对多年冻土区石油迁移影响试验研究[J].冰川冻土,38(5):1325-1331
朱雷,张枝焕,王新伟,等.2010.石油烃在土柱中的纵向迁移行为模拟[J].环境科学研究,23(8):1025-1032
朱振慧,高宗军,张晓海,等.2015.轻质非水相流体(柴油)在多孔介质中的垂向运移[J].环境工程学报,9(4):1842-1848
Cooke A B.1991.Centrifuge modeling of flow and contaminant transport through partially saturated soils[D].Kingston:Queen′s University
陈南祥.2008.水文地质学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社
陈昭年.2005.石油与天然气地质学[M].北京:地质出版社
楚伟华.2016.石油污染物在土壤中迁移及转化研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院
Halihan T,Sefa V,Sale T,et al.2017.Mechanism for detecting NAPL using electrical resistivity imaging[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,205:57-69
Jeong J,Charbeneau R J.2014.An analytical model for predicting LNAPL distribution and recovery from multi-layered soils[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,156:52-61
姜在兴.2010.沉积学(第2版)[M].北京:石油工业出版社
刘汉乐,张晨福,刘宝臣,等.2014.轻非水相液体在不同粒径多孔介质中的运移与分布特性[J].水文地质工程地质,41(2):105-110
刘晓艳,纪学雁,李兴伟,等.2005.石油类污染物在土壤中迁移的实验研究进展[J].土壤,37(5):482-486
刘晓艳,史鹏飞,孙德智,等.2006.大庆土壤中石油类污染物迁移模拟[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),30(2):120-124
Larsen T,Kjeldsen P,Christensen T H.1992.Sorption of hydrophobic hydrocarbons on three aquifer material in a flow through system[J].Chemosphere,24:439-451
Nambi I M,Rajasekhar B,Loganathan V,et al.2017.An assessment of subsurface contamination of an urban coastal aquifer due to oil spill[J].Environ Monit Assess,189:148
Ngien S K,Rahman N A,Bob M M,et al.2012.Observation of light non-aqueous phase liquid migration in aggregated soil using image analysis[J].Transp Porous Med,91:83-100
Oostrom M,Hofstee C,Wietsma T W.2006.LNAPLs do not always float:An example case of a viscous LNAPL under variable water table conditions[J].Hydrology Days,509:119-130
Pan Y Y,Yang J S,Jia Y G,et al.2016.Experimental study on non-aqueous phase liquid multiphase flow characteristics and controlling factors in heterogeneous porous media[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,75(1):75
潘峰,陈丽华,付素静,等.2012.石油类污染物在陇东黄土塬区土壤中迁移的模拟试验研究[J].环境科学学报,32(2):410-418
潘玉英.2013.NAPLs地下运移控制因素及监测技术研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学
孙向阳.2004.土壤学[M].北京:中国林业出版社
Semprini L,Hopkins O S,Tasker B R.2000.Laboratory,field and modeling studies of Radon-222 as a natural tracer for monitoring napl contaminatio[J].Transport in Porous Media,38:223-240
Simantiraki F,Aivalioti M,Gidarakos E.2009.Implementation of an image analysis technique to determine LNAPL infiltration and distribution in unsaturated porous media[J].Desalination,248:705-715
束善治,梁宏伟,袁勇.2002.轻非水相液体在非均质地层包气带中运移和分布特征数值分析[J].水利学报,33(11):31-37
Verstraete W R.1976.Modeling of the breakdown and the mobilization of hydrocarbons in unsaturated soil layers[J].Proceedings,99-112
Wang Y Q,Shao M A.2009.Infiltration characteristics of non-aqueous phase liquids in undisturbed loessal soil cores[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,21:1424-1431
王学力,王榕,田西宁,等.2015.漠大线沿线地区土壤中原油迁移规律研究[J].环境工程,33(11):166-170
张博闻.2010.原油在土壤中入渗的试验研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学
张海玲,李岩,杨琴.2013.黄土塬区土壤中原油迁移规律研究[J].环境工程,31(S1):637-641
张鹏,李春城,李国玉,等.2016.冻融循环对多年冻土区石油迁移影响试验研究[J].冰川冻土,38(5):1325-1331
朱雷,张枝焕,王新伟,等.2010.石油烃在土柱中的纵向迁移行为模拟[J].环境科学研究,23(8):1025-1032
朱振慧,高宗军,张晓海,等.2015.轻质非水相流体(柴油)在多孔介质中的垂向运移[J].环境工程学报,9(4):1842-1848