潜水作用下土壤水盐运移过程
|
摘要
以土壤耕层与临界潜水埋深为界,潜水埋深与土壤水相互作用分为3种情况。本文系统讨论了各种潜水埋深条件下,潜水与土壤水相互作用的原理及过程。土壤水与潜水相互作用的研究离不开土壤水盐运移数值模型,根据模型导出机理的不同将土壤水盐运移模型分为经验模型、半经验—半机理模型与机理模型3类。以相关模型为例,评述了各模型在实际应用中的优缺点,为模型在实际生产生活中选择应用提供依据。利用数学模型,讨论分析了人工控制潜水作用下土壤水盐运移动态并反演相关土壤性质参数,旨在为水盐运移模型研究提供理论支持。
In terms of the interaction between shallow groundwater and soil water,shallow groundwater conditions can be divided into the level at root zone,the level between root zone and critical groundwater depth,and the level lower than critical groundwater depth,respectively. This review discussed principles and processes of the interactions under various groundwater depths. Numerical modeling of soil water and salt transport had been proved to be an essential tool for studying the interactions between groundwater and soil water. Numerical models were divided into empirical model,semi-empirical and semi-mechanism model and mechanism model by the mechanism of model derivation. Some relevant models were listed and the advantages and disadvantages of each model in application were discussed. Dynamics of soil water and salt under controlled shallow groundwater tables and inversed parameters of soil properties were also investigated by using mathematic models,which would provide a theoretical support for soil water and salt modeling.
In terms of the interaction between shallow groundwater and soil water,shallow groundwater conditions can be divided into the level at root zone,the level between root zone and critical groundwater depth,and the level lower than critical groundwater depth,respectively. This review discussed principles and processes of the interactions under various groundwater depths. Numerical modeling of soil water and salt transport had been proved to be an essential tool for studying the interactions between groundwater and soil water. Numerical models were divided into empirical model,semi-empirical and semi-mechanism model and mechanism model by the mechanism of model derivation. Some relevant models were listed and the advantages and disadvantages of each model in application were discussed. Dynamics of soil water and salt under controlled shallow groundwater tables and inversed parameters of soil properties were also investigated by using mathematic models,which would provide a theoretical support for soil water and salt modeling.
引文
[1]杨帆,罗金明,王志春.松嫩平原盐渍化区水盐转化规律与调控机理[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2014.YANG F,LUO J M,WANG Z C. Water and salt transformation and regulation mechanism in the salinization area of Songnen Plain[M]. Bei-jing:China Environmental Science Press,2014.
[2]GUSWA A J,CELIA M A,RODRIGUEZ-ITURBE I. Models of soil moisture dynamics in ecohydrology:A comparative study[J]. WaterResources Research,2002,38(9):1166.
[3]GARDNER W R,MILTON F. Laboratory studies of evaporation from soil columns in the presence of a water table[J]. Soil Science,1958,85(5):244-249.
[4]HU S J,TIAN C Y,SONG Y D,et al. Models for calculating phreatic water evaporation on bare and Tamarix-vegetated lands[J]. ChineseScience Bulletin,2006,51(S1):43-50.
[5]WYTHERS K R,LAUENROTH W K,PARUELO J. Bare-soil evaporation under semiarid field conditions[J]. Soil Science Society of Ameri-ca Journal,1999,63(5):1341-1349.
[6]雷志栋,杨诗秀,谢森传.土壤水动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988.LEI Z D,YANG S X,XIE S C. Soil water dynamics[M]. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1988.
[7]BRESHEARS D D,NYHAN J W,HEIL C E,et al. Effects of woody plants on microclimate in a semiarid woodland:Soil temperature and e-vaporation in canopy and intercanopy patches[J]. International Journal of Plant Sciences,1998,159(6):1010-1017.
[8]雷志栋,胡和平,杨诗秀.土壤水研究进展与评述[J].水科学进展,1999,10(3):311-318.LEI Z D,HU H P,YANG S X. A review of soil research[J]. Advance in Water Science,1999,10(3):311-318.
[9]HAVERKAMP R,VAUCLIN M,TOUMA J,et al. A comparison of numerical simulation models for one-dimensional infiltration[J]. SoilScience Society of America Journal,1977,41(2):285-294.
[10]FLURY M,WU J,WU L S,et al. Analytical solution for solute transport with depth‐dependent transformation or sorption coefficients[J].Water Resources Research,1998,34(11),2931-2938.
[11]LIU C M,ZHANG X Y,ZHANG Y Q. Determination of daily evaporation and evapotranspiration of winter wheat and maize by large-scaleweighing lysimeter and micro-lysimeter[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2002,111(2):109-120.
[12]史文娟,沈冰,汪志荣,等.高地下水位条件下盐渍土区潜水蒸发特性及计算方法[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(5):32-35.SHI W J,SHEN B,WANG Z R,et al. Phreatic evaporation characteristics and calculation methods with the shallow water table in the salinesoil region[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2006,22(5):32-35.
[13]白伟,孙占祥,郑家明,等.辽西地区土壤耕层及养分状况调查分析[J].土壤,2011,43(5):714-719.BAI W,SUN Z X,ZHENG J M,et al. Soil plough layers and soil nutrients in western Liaoning[J]. Soils,2011,43(5):714-719.
[14]刘昌明,王会肖.土壤-作物-大气界面水分过程与节水调控[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.LIU C M,WANG H X. The water process and saving regulation of soil-crop-atmospheric interface[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1999.
[15]王家强,柳维扬,彭杰,等.塔里木河上游荒漠河岸林土壤水分与浅层地下水分布规律研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(9):2071-2077.WANG J Q,LIU W Y,PENG J,et. al. Distribution of desert riparian forest soil water and shallow groundwater in upstream basin of tarim river[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,30(9):2071-2077.
[16]杨建锋,万书勤,邓伟,等.地下水浅埋条件下包气带水和溶质运移数值模拟研究述评[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(6):158-165.YANG J F,WAN S Q,DENG W,et al. Review of numerical simulation of soil water flow and solute transport in the presence of a water table[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2005,21(6):158-165.
[17]刘广明,杨劲松.土壤蒸发量与地下水作用条件的关系[J].土壤,2002(3):141-144.LIU G M,YANG J S. The relationship between soil evaporation and groundwater conditions[J]. Soils,2002(3):141-144.
[18]李昌华.松嫩平原地下水和土壤的近代积盐过程[J].土壤学报,1964,12(1):34-42.LI C H. Modern salt deposition process of groundwater and soil in songnen plain[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,1964,12(1):34-42.
[19]史文娟,沈冰,汪志荣,等.蒸发条件下浅层地下水埋深夹砂层土壤水盐运移特性研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(9):23-26.SHI W J,SHEN B,WANG Z R,et al. Water and salt transport in sand-layered soil under evaporation with the shallow underground water ta-ble[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2005,21(9):23-26.
[20]李小倩,夏江宝,赵西梅,等.不同潜水埋深下浅层土壤的水盐分布特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(2):43-50.LI X Q,XIA J B,ZHAO X M,et al. Water and salt distribution characteristics of shallow soil at different diving water levels[J]. Science ofSoil and Water Conservation,2017,15(2):43-50.
[21]王玉红,程东会,段吉波.浅层地下水给水度与水位埋深关系的试验研究[J].人民长江,2014,45(5):60-64.WANG Y H,CHENG D H,DUAN J B. Experimental study of relationship between specific yield and buried depth of shallow groundwater[J]. Yangtze River,2014,45(5):60-64.
[22]乔冬梅,吴海卿,齐学斌,等.不同潜水埋深条件下微咸水灌溉的水盐运移规律及模拟研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(6):7-10.QIAO D M,WU H Q,QI X B,et al. Simulation and movement regularity of soil water and soil salt by brackish water irrigation under conditionof different groundwater depth[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,21(6):7-10.
[23]霍思远.潜水位下降对入渗补给的影响研究—以华北平原为例[D].北京:中国地质大学,2015.HUO S Y. Research on the effect of water table decline on vertical groundwater recharge:A case study in the North Chain Plain[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2015.
[24]吕殿青,王文焰,王全九.入渗与蒸发条件下土壤水盐运移的研究[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(2):61-66.LD Q,WANG W Y,WANG Q J. Transport of soil salt and water in processes of infiltration and evaporation[J]. Research of Soil and Wa-ter Conservation,1999,6(2):61-66.
[25]杨建锋,刘士平,张道宽,等.地下水浅埋条件下土壤水动态变化规律研究[J].灌溉排水,2001,20(3):25-28.YANG J F,LIU S P,ZHANG D K,et al. Study on the water movement in soil with shallow water table[J]. Irrigation and Drainage,2001,20(3):25-28.
[26]郭忠升,邵明安.半干旱区人工林地土壤入渗过程分析[J].土壤学报,2009,46(5):953-958.GUO Z S,SHAO M A. Soil Water infiltrating process in afforested land on slopes of the semiarid region of loess plateau[J]. Acta PedologicaSinica,2009,46(5):953-958.
[27]尚松浩,雷志栋,杨诗秀,等.冻融期地下水位变化情况下土壤水分运动的初步研究[J].农业工程学报,1999,15(2):64-68.SHANG S H,LEI Z D,YANG S X,et al. Study on soil water movement with changeable groundwater level during soil freezing and thawing[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,1999,15(2):64-68.
[28]张永明,胡顺军,翟禄新,等.塔里木盆地裸地潜水蒸发计算模型[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(1):27-32.ZHANG Y M,HU S J,ZHAI L X,et al. Models for calculating phreatic evaporation from bare soil in tarim basin[J]. Transactions of theCSAE,2009,25(1):27-32.
[29]刘昌明,王会肖.土壤-作物-大气界面水分过程与节水调控[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.LIU C M,WANG H X. Process of soil-crop-air interface of and water conversation[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1999.
[30]张蔚榛.地下水非稳定流计算和地下水资源评价[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2013.ZHANG W Z. Unsteady flow calculation of groundwater and evaluation of groundwater resources[M]. Wuhan:Wuhan UniversityPress,2013.
[31]BOERSMA L,LINDSTROM F T,MCFARLANE C,et al. Uptake of organic chemicals by plants:A theoretical model[J]. Soil Science,1988,146(6):403-417.
[32]张书函,康绍忠,刘晓明,等.农田潜水蒸发的变化规律及其计算方法研究[J].西北水资源与水工程,1995,6(1):9-15.ZHANG S H,KANG S Z,LIU X M,et. al. A study on the variation laws of field phreatic water evaporation and ITS calculation method[J].Water Resource and Water Engineering,1995,6(1):9-15.
[33]CHEN W P,HOU Z A,WU L S,et al. Evaluating salinity distribution in soil irrigated with saline water in arid regions of northwest China[J]. Agricultural water management,2010,97(12):2001-2008.
[34]来剑斌,王永平,蒋庆华,等.土壤质地对潜水蒸发的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(6):153-157.LAI J B,WANG Y P,JIANG Q H,et al. Study on phreatic evaporation under different soil textures[J]. Journal of Northwest ScientificTechnology University of Agricultural and Fortress(Nature Science Edition),2003,31(6):153-157.
[35]XIAO Y,HUANG Z G,YANG F,et al. The dynamics of soil moisture and salinity after using saline water freezing-melting combined withflue gas desulfurization gypsum[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2014,23(5):1763-1772.
[36]李晓洁,赵凯,任建华,等.吉林西部盐渍土电导率、可溶性钠与裂纹相关性测量[J].土壤与作物,2012,1(1):49-54.LI X J,ZHAO K,REN J H,et al. Correlation between conductivity,soluble sodium and crack of saline soil in west Jilin Province[J]. Soilsand Crops,2012,1(1):49-54.
[37]栗现文,周金龙,周念清,等.潜水高矿化度对粉质粘土毛细水上升的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(7):192-196.LI X W,ZHOU J L,ZHOU N Q,et al. Effects of high TDS on capillary rise of phreatic water in silty clay soil[J]. Journal of arid Land Re-sources and Environment,2016,30(7):192-196.
[38]李保国,胡克林,黄元仿,等.土壤溶质运移模型的研究及应用[J].土壤,2005,37(4):345-352.LI B G,HU K L,HUANG Y F,et al. Advances in modeling and applications of soil solute transport[J]. Soils,2005,37(4):345-352.
[39]石元春,李韵珠,陆锦文.盐渍土的水盐运动[M].北京:北京农业大学出版杜,1986.SHI Y C,LI Y Z,LU J W. Soil water and salt transport in saline[M]. Beijing:Beijing Agricultural university press,1986.
[40]解雪峰,濮励杰,朱明,等.土壤水盐运移模型研究进展及展望[J].地理科学,2016,36(10):1565-1572.XIE X F,PU L J,ZHU M,et al. Evolution and prospects in modeling of water and salt transport in soils[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(10):1565-1572.
[41]寇文杰,刘予,韩冬梅.解决潜水蒸发问题的阿维里扬诺夫经验公式在地下水数值模型中的应用—以格尔木河流域为例[J].城市地质,2007,2(4):37-41.KOU W J,LIU Y,HAN D M. The application of aviriyanover's empirical formula for solving the phreatic water evaporation problem to groundw-ater numerical modeling-A case of the Golmud River Watershed[J]. Urban Geology,2007,2(4):37-41.
[42]YANG F,ZHANG G X,YIN X R,et al. Study on capillary rise from shallow groundwater and critical water table depth of a saline sodic soilin western Songnen plain of China[J]. Environmental Earth Science,2011,64(8):2119-2126.
[43]罗玉峰,毛怡雷,彭世彰,等.作物生长条件下的阿维里扬诺夫潜水蒸发公式改进[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(4):102-109.LUO Y F,MAO Y L,PENG S Z,et al. Modified Aver'yanov's phreatic evaporation equations under crop growing[J]. Transactions of theChinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(4):102-109.
[44]沈立昌.关于潜水蒸发经验公式的探讨[J].水利学报,1985,7:34-40.SHEN L C. Discussing about diving evaporation empirical formula[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1985,7:34-40.
[45]叶水庭,施鑫源,苗晓芳.用潜水蒸发经验公式计算给水度问题的分析[J].水文地质工程地质,1980(4):46-48.YE S T,SHI X Y,MIAO X R. The analysis to the yield of water by the phreatic evaporation empirical formula calculation[J]. Hydrogeologyand the Engineering Geology,1980(4):46-48.
[46]雷志栋,杨诗秀,谢森传.潜水稳定蒸发的分析与经验公式[J].水利学报,1984(8):60-66.LEI Z D,YANG S X,XIE S C. Diving stability analysis and empirical formula of water evaporation[J],Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1984(8):60-66.
[47]付秋萍,张江辉,王全九.常用潜水蒸发经验公式在新疆地区适用性研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(3):182-188.FU Q P,ZHANG J H,WANG Q J. Adaptability study on empirical formulae of frequent phreatic evaporation in Xinjiang[J]. AgriculturalResearch in the Arid Areas,2008,26(3):182-188.
[48]邢旭光,史文娟,王全九.对常用潜水蒸发经验模型中E0值的探讨[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(4):57-60.XING X G,SHI W J,WANG Q J. Discussion on E0value in common groundwater evaporation empirical models[J]. Agricultural Research inthe Arid Areas,2013,31(4):57-60.
[49]唐海行,苏逸深,张和平.潜水蒸发的实验研究及其经验公式的改进[J].水利学报,1989(10):37-44.TANG H X,SU Y S,ZHANG H P. Experimental study on dive evaporation and improvement of the empirical models[J]. Journal of Hydrau-lic Engineering,1989(10):37-44.
[50]付秋萍,张江辉,王全九. E0值对潜水蒸发计算精度影响分析[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(6):820-825.FU Q P,ZHANG J H,WANG Q J. Impact of E0value calculation accuracy of phreatic evaporation empirical formulae[J]. Arid Land Geog-raphy,2007,30(6):820-825.
[51]RICHARDS L A. Capillary conduction of liquids through porous mediums[J]. Physics,1931,1(5):318-333.
[52]邵明安,王全九,黄明斌.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.SHAO M A,WANG Q J,HUANG M B. Soil physics[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.
[53]TINDALL J A,KUNKEL J R. Unsaturated zone hydrology for scientists and engineers[M]. New Jersey:Prentice Hall,1999.
[54]VAN GENUCHTEN M T,SCHAAP M G,MOHANTY B P,et al. Modeling flow and transport processes at the local scale[C]. In:FEYENJ and WIYO K(eds.). Modelling of transport process in soils at various scales in time and space. Wageningen,The Netherlands:Wagenin-gen Pers.,1999:23-45.
[55]SIMUNEK J,SEJNA M,SAITO H,et al. The HYDRUS-1D package for simulating the movement of water,heat,and multiple solutes invariably saturated media,Version 4. 0:HYDRUS software series 3[J]. Department of Environmental Sciences,University of California,Riverside,California,USA,2008:315.
[56]SIMUNEK J,VAN GENUCHTEN M T,SEJNA M. The HYDRUS software package for simulating two-and three-dimensional movement ofwater,heat,and multiple solutes in variably-saturated media[J]. Technical manual,Version 1. 0. PC Progress,Prague,2006,1:241.
[57]SIMUNEK J,SEJNA M,JACQUES D,et al. Numerical modeling of vadose zone processes using hydrus and its specialized modules[J].,2014:270-271.
[58]MCDONALD M G,HARBAUGH A W. A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model[M]. Reston,VA:USGeological Survey,1988.
[59]KRYSANOVA V,WHITE M. Advances in water resources assessment with SWAT—an overview[J]. Hydrological Sciences Journal,2015,60(5):771-783.
[60]卞玉梅,卢文喜,马洪云. Visual MODFLOW在水源地地下水数值模拟中的应用[J].东北水利水电,2006,24(3):31-33.BIAN Y M,LU W X,MA H Y. The application of visual MODFLOW in the water source of groundwater numerical simulation[J]. Water Re-sources and Hydropower of Northease,2006,24(3):31-33.
[61]邱康利,李旭,贺江辉,等. Visual MODFLOW在地下水数值模拟中的应用[J].煤炭与化工,2014,37(6):54-56.QIU K L,LI X,HE J H,et al. Application of visual MODFLOW in ground water numerical simulation[J]. Coal and Chemical Industry,2014,37(6):54-56.
[62]YEH G T,CHENG J R,SHORT T E. 2DFATMIC:User's manual of a two-dimensional subsurface flow,fate and transport of microbes andchemical model version 1. 0[J]. US. EPA,1997.
[63]VANCLOOSTER M,VIAENE P,CHRISTIAENS K,et al. Water and agrochemicals in soil and vadose environment:Release 2. 1[J]. In-stitute for Land and Water Management,Catholic University Leuven,Leuven,Belgium,1996.
[64]DAWES W,ZHANG L,DYCE P. WAVES:An integrated energy and water balance model(user manual)[R]. In:ZHANG L andDAWES W(eds.). CSIRO Land and Water Technical report No. 31/98,Canberra:CSIRO Land and Water,1998.
[65]于国强,李占斌,张霞,等.土壤水盐动态的BP神经网络模型及灰色关联分析[J].农业工程学报,2009(11):74-79.YU G Q,LI Z B,ZHANG X,et al. Dynamic simulation of soil water-salt using BP neural network model and grey correlation analysis[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(11):74-79.
[66]ZOU P,YANG J S,FU J R,et al. Artificial neural network and time series models for predicting soil salt and water content[J]. AgriculturalWater Management,2010,97(12):2009-2019.
[67]王改改,张玉龙.土壤传递函数模型的研究进展[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(1):99-103.WANG G G,ZHANG Y L. Advances in model of soil pedotransfer functions[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2012,30(1):99-103.
[68]杨邦杰,隋红建.土壤水热运动模型及其应用[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1997.YANG B J,SUI H J. Soil water thermal motion model and application[M]. Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1997.
[69]李韵珠,李保国.土壤溶质运移[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.LI Y Z,LI B G. Soil solute transport[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1998.
[70]陈崇希,裴顺平.地下水开采:地面沉降数值模拟及防治对策研究:以江苏省苏州市为例[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,2001.CHEN C X,PEI S P. Numerical simulation of groundwater exploitation:Ground subsidence and control countermeasure research:In Suzhoucity,Jiangsu Province[M]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences Press,2001.
[71]郭瑞,冯起,司建华,等.土壤水盐运移模型研究进展[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(3):527-534.GUO R,FENG Q,SI J H,et al. Progress in the study of models for water and salinity transport in soils[J]. Journal of Glaciology and geo-cryology,2008,30(3):527-534.
[72]张红.不同潜水位下苏打盐渍土水盐动态规律[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2007.ZHANG H. Under different groundwater level the soil water and salt dynamic rule in soda saline[D]. Beijing:Graduate of Chinese Academyof Sciences,2007.
[73]尤文瑞.盐渍土水盐动态的研究[J].土壤学进展,1984,12(3):1-14.YOU W R. Saline soil water and salt dynamic research[J]. Progress in Soil Science,1984,12(3):1-14.
[74]史文娟,沈冰,汪志荣,等.夹砂层状土壤潜水蒸发特性及计算模型[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(2):17-20.SHI W J,SHEN B,WANG Z R,et al. Characteristics and calculation model of phreatic evaporation of sand layered soil[J]. Transactions ofthe CSAE,2007,23(2):17-20.
[75]刘广明,杨劲松.地下水作用条件下土壤积盐规律研究[J].土壤学报,2003,40(1):65-69.LIU G M,YANG J S. Salt dynamics in soil under conditions of different groundwater tables and salinities[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(1):65-69.
[76]杨建锋,邓伟,章光新.田块尺度苏打盐渍土盐化和碱化空间变异特征[J].土壤学报,2006,43(3):500-505.YANG J F,DENG W,ZHANG G X. Field-scale spatial variability of soil salinity and alkalinity in asaline-scale sodic soil[J]. Acta Ped-ologica Sinica,2006,43(3):500-505.
[77]LEHMANN P,STAUFFER F,HINZ C,et al. Effect of hysteresis on water flow in a sand column with a fluctuating capillary fringe[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,1998,33(1-2):81-100.
[78]TODD R M,KEMPER W D. Salt dispersion coefficients near an evaporating surface[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1972,36(4):539-543.
[79]WHALLEY W R,OBER E S,JENKINS M. Measurement of the matric potential of soil water in the rhizosphere[J]. Journal of ExperimentalBotany,2013,64(13):3951-3963.
[80]宋献方,李发东,于静洁,等.基于氢氧同位素与水化学的潮白河流域地下水水循环特征[J].地理研究,2007,26(1):11-21.SONG X F,LI F D,YU J J,et al. Characteristics of groundwater cycle using deuterium,oxygen-18 and hydrochemistry in Chaobai RiverBasin[J]. Geographical Research,2007,26(1):11-21.
[81]宋献方,柳鉴容,孙晓敏,等.基于CERN的中国大气降水同位素观测网络[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(7):738-747.SONG X F,LIU J R,SUN X M,et al. Establishment of chinese network of isotopes in precipitation(CHNIP)based on CERN[J]. Ad-vances in Earth Science,2007,22(7):738-747.
[82]权全,解建仓,沈冰,等.基于实测数据及遥感图片的土壤采样方法[J].农业工程学报,2010(12):237-241.QUAN Q,XIE J C,SHEN B,et al. Soil sampling method based on field measurements and remote sensing images[J]. Transactions of theCSAE,2010,26(12):237-241.
[83]林蔚,张雷,张国伟,等.滨海盐土棉田棉花水,盐遥感监测系统的设计与实现[J].棉花学报,2012,24(2):114-119.LIN W,ZHANG L,ZHANG G W,et al. Design and implementation of remote sensing monitoring system for water and salinity content of cot-ton in coastal saline soil[J]. Cotton Science,2012,24(2):114-119.
[2]GUSWA A J,CELIA M A,RODRIGUEZ-ITURBE I. Models of soil moisture dynamics in ecohydrology:A comparative study[J]. WaterResources Research,2002,38(9):1166.
[3]GARDNER W R,MILTON F. Laboratory studies of evaporation from soil columns in the presence of a water table[J]. Soil Science,1958,85(5):244-249.
[4]HU S J,TIAN C Y,SONG Y D,et al. Models for calculating phreatic water evaporation on bare and Tamarix-vegetated lands[J]. ChineseScience Bulletin,2006,51(S1):43-50.
[5]WYTHERS K R,LAUENROTH W K,PARUELO J. Bare-soil evaporation under semiarid field conditions[J]. Soil Science Society of Ameri-ca Journal,1999,63(5):1341-1349.
[6]雷志栋,杨诗秀,谢森传.土壤水动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988.LEI Z D,YANG S X,XIE S C. Soil water dynamics[M]. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1988.
[7]BRESHEARS D D,NYHAN J W,HEIL C E,et al. Effects of woody plants on microclimate in a semiarid woodland:Soil temperature and e-vaporation in canopy and intercanopy patches[J]. International Journal of Plant Sciences,1998,159(6):1010-1017.
[8]雷志栋,胡和平,杨诗秀.土壤水研究进展与评述[J].水科学进展,1999,10(3):311-318.LEI Z D,HU H P,YANG S X. A review of soil research[J]. Advance in Water Science,1999,10(3):311-318.
[9]HAVERKAMP R,VAUCLIN M,TOUMA J,et al. A comparison of numerical simulation models for one-dimensional infiltration[J]. SoilScience Society of America Journal,1977,41(2):285-294.
[10]FLURY M,WU J,WU L S,et al. Analytical solution for solute transport with depth‐dependent transformation or sorption coefficients[J].Water Resources Research,1998,34(11),2931-2938.
[11]LIU C M,ZHANG X Y,ZHANG Y Q. Determination of daily evaporation and evapotranspiration of winter wheat and maize by large-scaleweighing lysimeter and micro-lysimeter[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2002,111(2):109-120.
[12]史文娟,沈冰,汪志荣,等.高地下水位条件下盐渍土区潜水蒸发特性及计算方法[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(5):32-35.SHI W J,SHEN B,WANG Z R,et al. Phreatic evaporation characteristics and calculation methods with the shallow water table in the salinesoil region[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2006,22(5):32-35.
[13]白伟,孙占祥,郑家明,等.辽西地区土壤耕层及养分状况调查分析[J].土壤,2011,43(5):714-719.BAI W,SUN Z X,ZHENG J M,et al. Soil plough layers and soil nutrients in western Liaoning[J]. Soils,2011,43(5):714-719.
[14]刘昌明,王会肖.土壤-作物-大气界面水分过程与节水调控[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.LIU C M,WANG H X. The water process and saving regulation of soil-crop-atmospheric interface[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1999.
[15]王家强,柳维扬,彭杰,等.塔里木河上游荒漠河岸林土壤水分与浅层地下水分布规律研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(9):2071-2077.WANG J Q,LIU W Y,PENG J,et. al. Distribution of desert riparian forest soil water and shallow groundwater in upstream basin of tarim river[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,30(9):2071-2077.
[16]杨建锋,万书勤,邓伟,等.地下水浅埋条件下包气带水和溶质运移数值模拟研究述评[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(6):158-165.YANG J F,WAN S Q,DENG W,et al. Review of numerical simulation of soil water flow and solute transport in the presence of a water table[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2005,21(6):158-165.
[17]刘广明,杨劲松.土壤蒸发量与地下水作用条件的关系[J].土壤,2002(3):141-144.LIU G M,YANG J S. The relationship between soil evaporation and groundwater conditions[J]. Soils,2002(3):141-144.
[18]李昌华.松嫩平原地下水和土壤的近代积盐过程[J].土壤学报,1964,12(1):34-42.LI C H. Modern salt deposition process of groundwater and soil in songnen plain[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,1964,12(1):34-42.
[19]史文娟,沈冰,汪志荣,等.蒸发条件下浅层地下水埋深夹砂层土壤水盐运移特性研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(9):23-26.SHI W J,SHEN B,WANG Z R,et al. Water and salt transport in sand-layered soil under evaporation with the shallow underground water ta-ble[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2005,21(9):23-26.
[20]李小倩,夏江宝,赵西梅,等.不同潜水埋深下浅层土壤的水盐分布特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(2):43-50.LI X Q,XIA J B,ZHAO X M,et al. Water and salt distribution characteristics of shallow soil at different diving water levels[J]. Science ofSoil and Water Conservation,2017,15(2):43-50.
[21]王玉红,程东会,段吉波.浅层地下水给水度与水位埋深关系的试验研究[J].人民长江,2014,45(5):60-64.WANG Y H,CHENG D H,DUAN J B. Experimental study of relationship between specific yield and buried depth of shallow groundwater[J]. Yangtze River,2014,45(5):60-64.
[22]乔冬梅,吴海卿,齐学斌,等.不同潜水埋深条件下微咸水灌溉的水盐运移规律及模拟研究[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(6):7-10.QIAO D M,WU H Q,QI X B,et al. Simulation and movement regularity of soil water and soil salt by brackish water irrigation under conditionof different groundwater depth[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,21(6):7-10.
[23]霍思远.潜水位下降对入渗补给的影响研究—以华北平原为例[D].北京:中国地质大学,2015.HUO S Y. Research on the effect of water table decline on vertical groundwater recharge:A case study in the North Chain Plain[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences,2015.
[24]吕殿青,王文焰,王全九.入渗与蒸发条件下土壤水盐运移的研究[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(2):61-66.LD Q,WANG W Y,WANG Q J. Transport of soil salt and water in processes of infiltration and evaporation[J]. Research of Soil and Wa-ter Conservation,1999,6(2):61-66.
[25]杨建锋,刘士平,张道宽,等.地下水浅埋条件下土壤水动态变化规律研究[J].灌溉排水,2001,20(3):25-28.YANG J F,LIU S P,ZHANG D K,et al. Study on the water movement in soil with shallow water table[J]. Irrigation and Drainage,2001,20(3):25-28.
[26]郭忠升,邵明安.半干旱区人工林地土壤入渗过程分析[J].土壤学报,2009,46(5):953-958.GUO Z S,SHAO M A. Soil Water infiltrating process in afforested land on slopes of the semiarid region of loess plateau[J]. Acta PedologicaSinica,2009,46(5):953-958.
[27]尚松浩,雷志栋,杨诗秀,等.冻融期地下水位变化情况下土壤水分运动的初步研究[J].农业工程学报,1999,15(2):64-68.SHANG S H,LEI Z D,YANG S X,et al. Study on soil water movement with changeable groundwater level during soil freezing and thawing[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,1999,15(2):64-68.
[28]张永明,胡顺军,翟禄新,等.塔里木盆地裸地潜水蒸发计算模型[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(1):27-32.ZHANG Y M,HU S J,ZHAI L X,et al. Models for calculating phreatic evaporation from bare soil in tarim basin[J]. Transactions of theCSAE,2009,25(1):27-32.
[29]刘昌明,王会肖.土壤-作物-大气界面水分过程与节水调控[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.LIU C M,WANG H X. Process of soil-crop-air interface of and water conversation[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1999.
[30]张蔚榛.地下水非稳定流计算和地下水资源评价[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2013.ZHANG W Z. Unsteady flow calculation of groundwater and evaluation of groundwater resources[M]. Wuhan:Wuhan UniversityPress,2013.
[31]BOERSMA L,LINDSTROM F T,MCFARLANE C,et al. Uptake of organic chemicals by plants:A theoretical model[J]. Soil Science,1988,146(6):403-417.
[32]张书函,康绍忠,刘晓明,等.农田潜水蒸发的变化规律及其计算方法研究[J].西北水资源与水工程,1995,6(1):9-15.ZHANG S H,KANG S Z,LIU X M,et. al. A study on the variation laws of field phreatic water evaporation and ITS calculation method[J].Water Resource and Water Engineering,1995,6(1):9-15.
[33]CHEN W P,HOU Z A,WU L S,et al. Evaluating salinity distribution in soil irrigated with saline water in arid regions of northwest China[J]. Agricultural water management,2010,97(12):2001-2008.
[34]来剑斌,王永平,蒋庆华,等.土壤质地对潜水蒸发的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(6):153-157.LAI J B,WANG Y P,JIANG Q H,et al. Study on phreatic evaporation under different soil textures[J]. Journal of Northwest ScientificTechnology University of Agricultural and Fortress(Nature Science Edition),2003,31(6):153-157.
[35]XIAO Y,HUANG Z G,YANG F,et al. The dynamics of soil moisture and salinity after using saline water freezing-melting combined withflue gas desulfurization gypsum[J]. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2014,23(5):1763-1772.
[36]李晓洁,赵凯,任建华,等.吉林西部盐渍土电导率、可溶性钠与裂纹相关性测量[J].土壤与作物,2012,1(1):49-54.LI X J,ZHAO K,REN J H,et al. Correlation between conductivity,soluble sodium and crack of saline soil in west Jilin Province[J]. Soilsand Crops,2012,1(1):49-54.
[37]栗现文,周金龙,周念清,等.潜水高矿化度对粉质粘土毛细水上升的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(7):192-196.LI X W,ZHOU J L,ZHOU N Q,et al. Effects of high TDS on capillary rise of phreatic water in silty clay soil[J]. Journal of arid Land Re-sources and Environment,2016,30(7):192-196.
[38]李保国,胡克林,黄元仿,等.土壤溶质运移模型的研究及应用[J].土壤,2005,37(4):345-352.LI B G,HU K L,HUANG Y F,et al. Advances in modeling and applications of soil solute transport[J]. Soils,2005,37(4):345-352.
[39]石元春,李韵珠,陆锦文.盐渍土的水盐运动[M].北京:北京农业大学出版杜,1986.SHI Y C,LI Y Z,LU J W. Soil water and salt transport in saline[M]. Beijing:Beijing Agricultural university press,1986.
[40]解雪峰,濮励杰,朱明,等.土壤水盐运移模型研究进展及展望[J].地理科学,2016,36(10):1565-1572.XIE X F,PU L J,ZHU M,et al. Evolution and prospects in modeling of water and salt transport in soils[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(10):1565-1572.
[41]寇文杰,刘予,韩冬梅.解决潜水蒸发问题的阿维里扬诺夫经验公式在地下水数值模型中的应用—以格尔木河流域为例[J].城市地质,2007,2(4):37-41.KOU W J,LIU Y,HAN D M. The application of aviriyanover's empirical formula for solving the phreatic water evaporation problem to groundw-ater numerical modeling-A case of the Golmud River Watershed[J]. Urban Geology,2007,2(4):37-41.
[42]YANG F,ZHANG G X,YIN X R,et al. Study on capillary rise from shallow groundwater and critical water table depth of a saline sodic soilin western Songnen plain of China[J]. Environmental Earth Science,2011,64(8):2119-2126.
[43]罗玉峰,毛怡雷,彭世彰,等.作物生长条件下的阿维里扬诺夫潜水蒸发公式改进[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(4):102-109.LUO Y F,MAO Y L,PENG S Z,et al. Modified Aver'yanov's phreatic evaporation equations under crop growing[J]. Transactions of theChinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(4):102-109.
[44]沈立昌.关于潜水蒸发经验公式的探讨[J].水利学报,1985,7:34-40.SHEN L C. Discussing about diving evaporation empirical formula[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1985,7:34-40.
[45]叶水庭,施鑫源,苗晓芳.用潜水蒸发经验公式计算给水度问题的分析[J].水文地质工程地质,1980(4):46-48.YE S T,SHI X Y,MIAO X R. The analysis to the yield of water by the phreatic evaporation empirical formula calculation[J]. Hydrogeologyand the Engineering Geology,1980(4):46-48.
[46]雷志栋,杨诗秀,谢森传.潜水稳定蒸发的分析与经验公式[J].水利学报,1984(8):60-66.LEI Z D,YANG S X,XIE S C. Diving stability analysis and empirical formula of water evaporation[J],Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1984(8):60-66.
[47]付秋萍,张江辉,王全九.常用潜水蒸发经验公式在新疆地区适用性研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(3):182-188.FU Q P,ZHANG J H,WANG Q J. Adaptability study on empirical formulae of frequent phreatic evaporation in Xinjiang[J]. AgriculturalResearch in the Arid Areas,2008,26(3):182-188.
[48]邢旭光,史文娟,王全九.对常用潜水蒸发经验模型中E0值的探讨[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(4):57-60.XING X G,SHI W J,WANG Q J. Discussion on E0value in common groundwater evaporation empirical models[J]. Agricultural Research inthe Arid Areas,2013,31(4):57-60.
[49]唐海行,苏逸深,张和平.潜水蒸发的实验研究及其经验公式的改进[J].水利学报,1989(10):37-44.TANG H X,SU Y S,ZHANG H P. Experimental study on dive evaporation and improvement of the empirical models[J]. Journal of Hydrau-lic Engineering,1989(10):37-44.
[50]付秋萍,张江辉,王全九. E0值对潜水蒸发计算精度影响分析[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(6):820-825.FU Q P,ZHANG J H,WANG Q J. Impact of E0value calculation accuracy of phreatic evaporation empirical formulae[J]. Arid Land Geog-raphy,2007,30(6):820-825.
[51]RICHARDS L A. Capillary conduction of liquids through porous mediums[J]. Physics,1931,1(5):318-333.
[52]邵明安,王全九,黄明斌.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.SHAO M A,WANG Q J,HUANG M B. Soil physics[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.
[53]TINDALL J A,KUNKEL J R. Unsaturated zone hydrology for scientists and engineers[M]. New Jersey:Prentice Hall,1999.
[54]VAN GENUCHTEN M T,SCHAAP M G,MOHANTY B P,et al. Modeling flow and transport processes at the local scale[C]. In:FEYENJ and WIYO K(eds.). Modelling of transport process in soils at various scales in time and space. Wageningen,The Netherlands:Wagenin-gen Pers.,1999:23-45.
[55]SIMUNEK J,SEJNA M,SAITO H,et al. The HYDRUS-1D package for simulating the movement of water,heat,and multiple solutes invariably saturated media,Version 4. 0:HYDRUS software series 3[J]. Department of Environmental Sciences,University of California,Riverside,California,USA,2008:315.
[56]SIMUNEK J,VAN GENUCHTEN M T,SEJNA M. The HYDRUS software package for simulating two-and three-dimensional movement ofwater,heat,and multiple solutes in variably-saturated media[J]. Technical manual,Version 1. 0. PC Progress,Prague,2006,1:241.
[57]SIMUNEK J,SEJNA M,JACQUES D,et al. Numerical modeling of vadose zone processes using hydrus and its specialized modules[J].,2014:270-271.
[58]MCDONALD M G,HARBAUGH A W. A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model[M]. Reston,VA:USGeological Survey,1988.
[59]KRYSANOVA V,WHITE M. Advances in water resources assessment with SWAT—an overview[J]. Hydrological Sciences Journal,2015,60(5):771-783.
[60]卞玉梅,卢文喜,马洪云. Visual MODFLOW在水源地地下水数值模拟中的应用[J].东北水利水电,2006,24(3):31-33.BIAN Y M,LU W X,MA H Y. The application of visual MODFLOW in the water source of groundwater numerical simulation[J]. Water Re-sources and Hydropower of Northease,2006,24(3):31-33.
[61]邱康利,李旭,贺江辉,等. Visual MODFLOW在地下水数值模拟中的应用[J].煤炭与化工,2014,37(6):54-56.QIU K L,LI X,HE J H,et al. Application of visual MODFLOW in ground water numerical simulation[J]. Coal and Chemical Industry,2014,37(6):54-56.
[62]YEH G T,CHENG J R,SHORT T E. 2DFATMIC:User's manual of a two-dimensional subsurface flow,fate and transport of microbes andchemical model version 1. 0[J]. US. EPA,1997.
[63]VANCLOOSTER M,VIAENE P,CHRISTIAENS K,et al. Water and agrochemicals in soil and vadose environment:Release 2. 1[J]. In-stitute for Land and Water Management,Catholic University Leuven,Leuven,Belgium,1996.
[64]DAWES W,ZHANG L,DYCE P. WAVES:An integrated energy and water balance model(user manual)[R]. In:ZHANG L andDAWES W(eds.). CSIRO Land and Water Technical report No. 31/98,Canberra:CSIRO Land and Water,1998.
[65]于国强,李占斌,张霞,等.土壤水盐动态的BP神经网络模型及灰色关联分析[J].农业工程学报,2009(11):74-79.YU G Q,LI Z B,ZHANG X,et al. Dynamic simulation of soil water-salt using BP neural network model and grey correlation analysis[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2009,25(11):74-79.
[66]ZOU P,YANG J S,FU J R,et al. Artificial neural network and time series models for predicting soil salt and water content[J]. AgriculturalWater Management,2010,97(12):2009-2019.
[67]王改改,张玉龙.土壤传递函数模型的研究进展[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(1):99-103.WANG G G,ZHANG Y L. Advances in model of soil pedotransfer functions[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2012,30(1):99-103.
[68]杨邦杰,隋红建.土壤水热运动模型及其应用[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1997.YANG B J,SUI H J. Soil water thermal motion model and application[M]. Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1997.
[69]李韵珠,李保国.土壤溶质运移[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.LI Y Z,LI B G. Soil solute transport[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1998.
[70]陈崇希,裴顺平.地下水开采:地面沉降数值模拟及防治对策研究:以江苏省苏州市为例[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,2001.CHEN C X,PEI S P. Numerical simulation of groundwater exploitation:Ground subsidence and control countermeasure research:In Suzhoucity,Jiangsu Province[M]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences Press,2001.
[71]郭瑞,冯起,司建华,等.土壤水盐运移模型研究进展[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(3):527-534.GUO R,FENG Q,SI J H,et al. Progress in the study of models for water and salinity transport in soils[J]. Journal of Glaciology and geo-cryology,2008,30(3):527-534.
[72]张红.不同潜水位下苏打盐渍土水盐动态规律[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2007.ZHANG H. Under different groundwater level the soil water and salt dynamic rule in soda saline[D]. Beijing:Graduate of Chinese Academyof Sciences,2007.
[73]尤文瑞.盐渍土水盐动态的研究[J].土壤学进展,1984,12(3):1-14.YOU W R. Saline soil water and salt dynamic research[J]. Progress in Soil Science,1984,12(3):1-14.
[74]史文娟,沈冰,汪志荣,等.夹砂层状土壤潜水蒸发特性及计算模型[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(2):17-20.SHI W J,SHEN B,WANG Z R,et al. Characteristics and calculation model of phreatic evaporation of sand layered soil[J]. Transactions ofthe CSAE,2007,23(2):17-20.
[75]刘广明,杨劲松.地下水作用条件下土壤积盐规律研究[J].土壤学报,2003,40(1):65-69.LIU G M,YANG J S. Salt dynamics in soil under conditions of different groundwater tables and salinities[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2003,40(1):65-69.
[76]杨建锋,邓伟,章光新.田块尺度苏打盐渍土盐化和碱化空间变异特征[J].土壤学报,2006,43(3):500-505.YANG J F,DENG W,ZHANG G X. Field-scale spatial variability of soil salinity and alkalinity in asaline-scale sodic soil[J]. Acta Ped-ologica Sinica,2006,43(3):500-505.
[77]LEHMANN P,STAUFFER F,HINZ C,et al. Effect of hysteresis on water flow in a sand column with a fluctuating capillary fringe[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,1998,33(1-2):81-100.
[78]TODD R M,KEMPER W D. Salt dispersion coefficients near an evaporating surface[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1972,36(4):539-543.
[79]WHALLEY W R,OBER E S,JENKINS M. Measurement of the matric potential of soil water in the rhizosphere[J]. Journal of ExperimentalBotany,2013,64(13):3951-3963.
[80]宋献方,李发东,于静洁,等.基于氢氧同位素与水化学的潮白河流域地下水水循环特征[J].地理研究,2007,26(1):11-21.SONG X F,LI F D,YU J J,et al. Characteristics of groundwater cycle using deuterium,oxygen-18 and hydrochemistry in Chaobai RiverBasin[J]. Geographical Research,2007,26(1):11-21.
[81]宋献方,柳鉴容,孙晓敏,等.基于CERN的中国大气降水同位素观测网络[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(7):738-747.SONG X F,LIU J R,SUN X M,et al. Establishment of chinese network of isotopes in precipitation(CHNIP)based on CERN[J]. Ad-vances in Earth Science,2007,22(7):738-747.
[82]权全,解建仓,沈冰,等.基于实测数据及遥感图片的土壤采样方法[J].农业工程学报,2010(12):237-241.QUAN Q,XIE J C,SHEN B,et al. Soil sampling method based on field measurements and remote sensing images[J]. Transactions of theCSAE,2010,26(12):237-241.
[83]林蔚,张雷,张国伟,等.滨海盐土棉田棉花水,盐遥感监测系统的设计与实现[J].棉花学报,2012,24(2):114-119.LIN W,ZHANG L,ZHANG G W,et al. Design and implementation of remote sensing monitoring system for water and salinity content of cot-ton in coastal saline soil[J]. Cotton Science,2012,24(2):114-119.