换流变压器和应涌流的正序二次谐波特性分析
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摘要
近几年,南方电网发生了多起因换流变压器空载合闸而导致运行极直流50 Hz保护误动事故。事故主要原因是运行换流变压器的和应涌流含有大量正序二次谐波,流经换流器转化为50Hz分量。文中分析了交流系统电压以及直流输送功率等运行工作点改变引起换流变压器分接头挡位、滤波器投切组数的变化,进而影响和应涌流正序二次谐波的规律;从同塔双回直流线路的极性布置、电流极性等耦合影响因素分析换流变压器和应涌流的正序二次分量在运行线路上的不平衡性。为防止直流50Hz保护误动,建议提高直流接入交流系统的强度,适当抬高换流站交流母线电压,限制运行极直流的输送功率。同时,应重点关注同塔双回直流另一回同一极性的换流变压器的和应涌流。
A number of DC 50 Hz protection malfunctions have occurred in recent years in China Southern power grid due to noload closing of the converter transformers.The main cause is that the sympathetic inrush current of the operating converter transformer contains abundant positive-sequence second harmonic,which has been transformed to 50 Hz harmonic by converter.This paper analyzes the impact of the DC operation conditions,such as the AC system voltage and DC transmission power,on the tap of converter transformer and AC filters,which changes the positive-sequence second harmonic of sympathetic current finally.It also analyzes the imbalances of positive-sequence second harmonic of the double circuit DC transmission lines from the view of the positions of poles,current interconnection and so on.To avoid the malfunction of 50 Hz protection,some suggestions are proposed,such as decreasing the impedance of AC system,increasing the voltage of AC bus,limiting the transporting power of running pole,etc.The sympathetic inrush current of the other DC transmission line on the same pole as no-load closing pole should be concerned seriously.
A number of DC 50 Hz protection malfunctions have occurred in recent years in China Southern power grid due to noload closing of the converter transformers.The main cause is that the sympathetic inrush current of the operating converter transformer contains abundant positive-sequence second harmonic,which has been transformed to 50 Hz harmonic by converter.This paper analyzes the impact of the DC operation conditions,such as the AC system voltage and DC transmission power,on the tap of converter transformer and AC filters,which changes the positive-sequence second harmonic of sympathetic current finally.It also analyzes the imbalances of positive-sequence second harmonic of the double circuit DC transmission lines from the view of the positions of poles,current interconnection and so on.To avoid the malfunction of 50 Hz protection,some suggestions are proposed,such as decreasing the impedance of AC system,increasing the voltage of AC bus,limiting the transporting power of running pole,etc.The sympathetic inrush current of the other DC transmission line on the same pole as no-load closing pole should be concerned seriously.
引文
[1]杨汾艳,朱韬析,丁晓兵,等.考虑涌流影响的直流线路50Hz分量机理性研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(10):3363-3371.YANG Fenyan,ZHU Taoxi,DING Xiaobing,et al.Research on 50 Hz component in HVDC transmission lines considering the influence of inrush current[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(10):3263-3271.
[2]HU L,YACAMINI R.Harmonic transfer through converters and HVDC links[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1992,7(3):516-525.
[3]HU L,MORRISON R E.The use of modulation theory to calculate the harmonic distortion in HVDC systems operating on an unbalanced supply[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1997,12(2):973-980.
[4]张建松,何奔腾,张雪松.变压器衰减励磁涌流的实用计算方法[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(12):57-60.ZHANG Jiansong,HE Benteng,ZHANG Xuesong.Approach to calculate attenuated magnetizing inrush current in transformer[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(12):57-60.
[5]郑涛,赵萍.和应涌流对差动保护的影响因素分析及防范措施[J].电力系统自动化[J].2009,33(3):74-78.ZHENG Tao,ZHAO Ping.Analysis of influence factors of sympathetic inrush on differential protection and its solutions[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(3):74-78.
[6]武万才,边疆,吴志勇.变压器和应涌流产生机理及其特性分析[J].电力自动化设备,2011,31(6):112-115.WU Wancai,BIAN Jiang,WU Zhiyong.Principle and characteristics of transformer sympathetic inrush[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2011,31(6):112-115.
[7]朱维璐,闫彩红,刘智敏.电力变压器和应涌流的产生机理及影响因素[J].高电压技术,2010,36(2):380-384.ZHU Weilu,YAN Caihong,LIU Zhimin.Principle and influencing factors of power transformer sympathetic inrush[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(2):380-384.
[8]张雪松,何奔腾,张建松.变压器和应涌流的产生机理及其影响因素研究[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(6):17-19.ZHANG Xuesong,HE Benteng,ZHANG Jiansong.Principle and influencing factors of the transformer sympathetic inrush[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(6):17-19.
[9]郑伟,张楠,周全.和应涌流导致直流闭锁极保护误动作分析[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(11):119-124.ZHENG Wei,ZHANG Nan,ZHOU Quan.Analysis of blocked pole protection mis-operation caused by sympathetic inrush current[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(11):119-124.
[10]田庆.12脉动换流变压器对称性涌流现象分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(23):133-137.TIAN Qing.Analysis on the symmetry inrush of 12impulsive convertor transformer[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(23):133-137.
[11]夏聆峰,孙向飞,何俊伟,等.直流偏磁和谐波对换流变压器和应涌流的影响[J].工业技术创新,2016,3(1):24-29.XIA Lingfeng,SUN Xiangfei,HE Junwei,et al.The influence of DC bias and harmonic on sympathetic inrush of converter transformer[J].Industrial Technology Innovation,2016,3(1):24-29.
[12]朱韬析,王超,张雪松,等.浅析空载投入换流变压器对直流输电系统的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(23):108-112.ZHU Taoxi,WANG Chao,ZHANG Xuesong,et al.Analysis of impact on HVDC transmission systems when converter transformers are energized[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(23):108-112.
[13]翁汉琍,李雪华,鲁俊生,等.特高压换流变压器对称性涌流的生成及其对大差保护的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(5):153-158.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160420005.WENG Hanli,LI Xuehua,LU Junsheng,et al.Symmetrical inrush current mechanism of ultra-high voltage converter transformer and its impact on converter connection-transformer differential protection[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(5):153-158.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160420005.
[14]任先文,徐宏雷,赵珣,等.影响和应涌流因素的仿真分析[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(2):66-70.REN Xianwen,XU Honglei,ZHAO Xun,et al.Simulation analysis of the influence factors of sympathetic inrush[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(2):66-70.
[15]李晓华,罗龙波,谢金泉,等.高压内置型高阻抗变压器涌流特性对保护的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(11):108-114.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150529013.LI Xiaohua,LUO Longbo,XIE Jingquan,et al.Analysis of the characteristics of high-voltage built-in high-impedance transformer inrush current impact on relaying[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(11):108-114.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150529013.
[16]李晓华,张冬怡,吴立珠,等.换流变压器励磁涌流的特殊性分析[J].电网技术,2017,41(10):3869-3875.LI Xiaohua,ZHANG Dongyi,WU Lizhu,et al.Analysis on specialization of converter transformer inrush current[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(10):3869-3875.
[17]余高旺,毕大强,王志广,等.变压器和应涌流现象及实例分析[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(6):20-23.YU Gaowang,BI Daqiang,WANG Zhiguang,et al.Phenomenon of sympathetic inrush and analysis of an example[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(6):20-23.
[18]江卫华,李健,汪雄.±500kV同塔双回直流线路极导线排列方式探讨[J].电力勘测设计,2010,17(1):58-62.JIANG Weihua,LI Jian,WANG Xiong.Simple analyse of polar conductor arrangements of±500kV double circuit DC transmission[J].Electric Power Survey and Design,2010,17(1):58-62.
[19]周尚礼,周全,邬乾晋.同塔双回高压直流输电线路故障行波特性研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(23):69-75.ZHOU Shangli,ZHOU Quan,WU Qianjin.Study on fault travelling wave characteristic in double-circuit HVDC[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(23):69-75.
[20]马文超,吴新桥,廖民传.±500kV同塔双回直流线路的极性布置[J].南方电网技术,2010,4(6):58-60.MA Wenchao,WU Xinqiao,LIAO Minchuan.The polarity arrangement of±500kV DC lines with double circuits on the same tower[J].South Power system technology,2010,4(6):58-60.
[21]聂定珍,周沛洪,戴敏,等.±500kV同杆双回直流线路雷电性能的研究[J].高电压技术,2007,33(1):148-151.NIE Dingzhen,ZHOU Peihong,DAI Min,et al.Study on lightning performance for±500 kV DC double circuit transmission line[J].High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(1):148-151.
[2]HU L,YACAMINI R.Harmonic transfer through converters and HVDC links[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1992,7(3):516-525.
[3]HU L,MORRISON R E.The use of modulation theory to calculate the harmonic distortion in HVDC systems operating on an unbalanced supply[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1997,12(2):973-980.
[4]张建松,何奔腾,张雪松.变压器衰减励磁涌流的实用计算方法[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(12):57-60.ZHANG Jiansong,HE Benteng,ZHANG Xuesong.Approach to calculate attenuated magnetizing inrush current in transformer[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(12):57-60.
[5]郑涛,赵萍.和应涌流对差动保护的影响因素分析及防范措施[J].电力系统自动化[J].2009,33(3):74-78.ZHENG Tao,ZHAO Ping.Analysis of influence factors of sympathetic inrush on differential protection and its solutions[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(3):74-78.
[6]武万才,边疆,吴志勇.变压器和应涌流产生机理及其特性分析[J].电力自动化设备,2011,31(6):112-115.WU Wancai,BIAN Jiang,WU Zhiyong.Principle and characteristics of transformer sympathetic inrush[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2011,31(6):112-115.
[7]朱维璐,闫彩红,刘智敏.电力变压器和应涌流的产生机理及影响因素[J].高电压技术,2010,36(2):380-384.ZHU Weilu,YAN Caihong,LIU Zhimin.Principle and influencing factors of power transformer sympathetic inrush[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(2):380-384.
[8]张雪松,何奔腾,张建松.变压器和应涌流的产生机理及其影响因素研究[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(6):17-19.ZHANG Xuesong,HE Benteng,ZHANG Jiansong.Principle and influencing factors of the transformer sympathetic inrush[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(6):17-19.
[9]郑伟,张楠,周全.和应涌流导致直流闭锁极保护误动作分析[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(11):119-124.ZHENG Wei,ZHANG Nan,ZHOU Quan.Analysis of blocked pole protection mis-operation caused by sympathetic inrush current[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(11):119-124.
[10]田庆.12脉动换流变压器对称性涌流现象分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(23):133-137.TIAN Qing.Analysis on the symmetry inrush of 12impulsive convertor transformer[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(23):133-137.
[11]夏聆峰,孙向飞,何俊伟,等.直流偏磁和谐波对换流变压器和应涌流的影响[J].工业技术创新,2016,3(1):24-29.XIA Lingfeng,SUN Xiangfei,HE Junwei,et al.The influence of DC bias and harmonic on sympathetic inrush of converter transformer[J].Industrial Technology Innovation,2016,3(1):24-29.
[12]朱韬析,王超,张雪松,等.浅析空载投入换流变压器对直流输电系统的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(23):108-112.ZHU Taoxi,WANG Chao,ZHANG Xuesong,et al.Analysis of impact on HVDC transmission systems when converter transformers are energized[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(23):108-112.
[13]翁汉琍,李雪华,鲁俊生,等.特高压换流变压器对称性涌流的生成及其对大差保护的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(5):153-158.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160420005.WENG Hanli,LI Xuehua,LU Junsheng,et al.Symmetrical inrush current mechanism of ultra-high voltage converter transformer and its impact on converter connection-transformer differential protection[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(5):153-158.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20160420005.
[14]任先文,徐宏雷,赵珣,等.影响和应涌流因素的仿真分析[J].电力系统自动化,2009,33(2):66-70.REN Xianwen,XU Honglei,ZHAO Xun,et al.Simulation analysis of the influence factors of sympathetic inrush[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2009,33(2):66-70.
[15]李晓华,罗龙波,谢金泉,等.高压内置型高阻抗变压器涌流特性对保护的影响[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(11):108-114.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150529013.LI Xiaohua,LUO Longbo,XIE Jingquan,et al.Analysis of the characteristics of high-voltage built-in high-impedance transformer inrush current impact on relaying[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(11):108-114.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20150529013.
[16]李晓华,张冬怡,吴立珠,等.换流变压器励磁涌流的特殊性分析[J].电网技术,2017,41(10):3869-3875.LI Xiaohua,ZHANG Dongyi,WU Lizhu,et al.Analysis on specialization of converter transformer inrush current[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(10):3869-3875.
[17]余高旺,毕大强,王志广,等.变压器和应涌流现象及实例分析[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(6):20-23.YU Gaowang,BI Daqiang,WANG Zhiguang,et al.Phenomenon of sympathetic inrush and analysis of an example[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2005,29(6):20-23.
[18]江卫华,李健,汪雄.±500kV同塔双回直流线路极导线排列方式探讨[J].电力勘测设计,2010,17(1):58-62.JIANG Weihua,LI Jian,WANG Xiong.Simple analyse of polar conductor arrangements of±500kV double circuit DC transmission[J].Electric Power Survey and Design,2010,17(1):58-62.
[19]周尚礼,周全,邬乾晋.同塔双回高压直流输电线路故障行波特性研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(23):69-75.ZHOU Shangli,ZHOU Quan,WU Qianjin.Study on fault travelling wave characteristic in double-circuit HVDC[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(23):69-75.
[20]马文超,吴新桥,廖民传.±500kV同塔双回直流线路的极性布置[J].南方电网技术,2010,4(6):58-60.MA Wenchao,WU Xinqiao,LIAO Minchuan.The polarity arrangement of±500kV DC lines with double circuits on the same tower[J].South Power system technology,2010,4(6):58-60.
[21]聂定珍,周沛洪,戴敏,等.±500kV同杆双回直流线路雷电性能的研究[J].高电压技术,2007,33(1):148-151.NIE Dingzhen,ZHOU Peihong,DAI Min,et al.Study on lightning performance for±500 kV DC double circuit transmission line[J].High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(1):148-151.