海水淡化成本与效益分析
|
摘要
以经济发展水平不同的北京、青岛、湛江为例,根据三市居民的生活用水量、自来水价格,以及净水器、桶装水的市场售价,分析了三市居民生活用水的到户综合成本,再将反渗透海水淡化技术生产的饮用水级别淡水的到户成本与居民生活用水到户综合成本进行比较。说明了海水淡化制水综合成本相比居民使用净水器、饮用桶装水的用水综合成本低1～3元/m~3。海水淡化技术对于解决地区淡水资源短缺问题具有良好市场效益和根本优势。
Taking Beijing, Qingdao and Zhanjiang with different levels of economic development as examples, the overall cost of domestic water used for the residents was analyzed based on the living water consumption, tap water prices, and market prices for water purifiers and bottled water. The cost of drinking grade freshwater produced by RO seawater desalination was compared with the comprehensive cost of household water use. Results showed that comparing to the comprehensive cost of water purifiers and bottled drinking water, seawater desalination water could save costs 1～3 yuan/m~3. Desalination technology has good market benefits and fundamental advantages for solving the shortage of freshwater resources in the region.
Taking Beijing, Qingdao and Zhanjiang with different levels of economic development as examples, the overall cost of domestic water used for the residents was analyzed based on the living water consumption, tap water prices, and market prices for water purifiers and bottled water. The cost of drinking grade freshwater produced by RO seawater desalination was compared with the comprehensive cost of household water use. Results showed that comparing to the comprehensive cost of water purifiers and bottled drinking water, seawater desalination water could save costs 1～3 yuan/m~3. Desalination technology has good market benefits and fundamental advantages for solving the shortage of freshwater resources in the region.
引文
[1]高松峰,杨倩琪.我国海水淡化发展现状评述[J].污染防治技术,2015,28(3):15-18.
[2]张利平,夏军,胡志芳.中国水资源状况与水资源安全问题分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(2):116.
[3]北京市水文总站.北京市水资源公报[EB/OL].2017. http://www.bjwater. gov. cn/bjwater/resource/cms/2018/07/2018071913585093017.docx.
[4]夏亚浩,陈志莉,冯裕钊,等.一种自制管式蒸馏海水淡化器性能试验[J].净水技术,2017,36(11):76-81.
[5]邱明英.浅析我国海水淡化技术[J].中国环保产业,2018(3):58-60.
[6]夏艳,伍联营,卢彦越,等.海水淡化过程优化设计的研究进展[J].水处理技术,2007,33(11):1-5.
[7]冯国勇,董志明,高瑞林,等.双活塞手动泵海水淡化装置原理设计及仿真分析[J].水处理技术,2015,41(10):80-82.
[8]王宏涛,李保安,刘兵.海水淡化技术现状及新技术评述[J].盐业与化工,2014,43(6):1-5.
[9]王琪,谭永文,张夏卿,等.海水淡化产业发展现状[J].水处理技术,2016,42(10):17-19.
[10]侯勇,王桂华.海水淡化技术现状与发展[J].吉林电力,2011,39(1):8-10,14.
[11] AMY G, GHAFFOUR N, LI Z,et al. Membrane-based seawater desalination:Present and future prospects[J]. Desalination,2017,52(1):16-21.
[12]丁婷.天津地区反渗透海水淡化成本分析[D].天津:天津大学,2009.
[13]周秀琴.天津大规模生产海水淡化饮用水[J].水产科技情报,2002,29(6):284-285.
[14] WANG K,ABDALLA A,KHALEEL M,et al. Mechanical properties of water desalination and wastewater treatment membranes[J].Desalination,2017,52(1):190-205.
[15] JAMIL M, QURESHI B, SYED M, et al. Exergo-economic analysis of a seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant with various retrofit options[J]. Desalination,2017,52(1):88-98.
[16]刘娟,高忠文,方景清.浅析海水淡化的经济效益[J].中国水运(学术版),2008, 8(1):210-212.
[17]王玮.基于GIS支持的北京市就业空间结构研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2009.
[18]高艳玲,吕炳南,赵立军.海水淡化技术评述与成本分析[J].环境保护,2005(2):28-30.
[19]国家统计局北京调查总队.北京市2016年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL]. 2016. http://www. bjstats. gov. cn/tjsj/tjgb/ndgb/201702/t20170227_369467.html.
[20]马骉,李梦洁,陈志平.国内外饮用水标准比较及对我国未来水质标准的思考[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(10):11-14.
[21]新浪家居,安吉尔.2017年中国家庭净水品质白皮书[EB/OL]. 2017. http://jiaju.sina.com.cn/jsbps.shtml.
[22]翁建武,蒋艳灵,陈远生.北京市公共生活用水现状、问题及对策[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(14):77-82.
[23]朱晗,闫婷婷,唐璟宜.区域淡水资源供应的定量研究——以青岛市为例[J].佳木斯大学学报(自然科学版),2016,34(4):610-613.
[24]青岛市统计局.2016年青岛市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL]. 2017. http://www. stats-qd. gov. cn/n28356045/n32561056/n32561072/180324164113717[218]html.
[25]青岛市水利局.2016年青岛市水资源公报[EB/OL].2017.http://slj. qingdao. gov. cn/n28356054/n32562123/n32562136/180428151826679383html.
[26]湛江市统计局.2017年湛江市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL]. 2017. http://zjtj. zhanjiang. gov. cn/tjzl/tjgb/201804/t20180424_386438.html.
[27]杨佳.居民用水价格或上涨五成[N].南方日报,2014-12-26(GC08).
[28]孙麒翔.娃哈哈桶装水零售价差最高达三成[N].北京商报,2016-11-08(B01).
[29]中华人民共和国国家统计局.国家年度数据[EB/OL].2016.http://data. stats. gov. cn/easyquery. htm? cn=C01&zb=A0B03&sj=2016.
[30] SADI A. Seawater desalination share among water and market policy changes in Algeria[J]. Desalination, 2004,39(16):99-104.
[31]李晓琼.海水淡化全成本分析及其发展前景探讨—以天律北疆电厂海水淡化项目为例[J].再生资源与循环经济,2012,5(10):37-40.
[32]纪岩青.将海水淡化作为京津冀地区重要水源[N].中国海洋报,2013-03-14(002).
[33]钱松立.热法海水淡化技术简析[J].装备机械,2011(3):19-23.
[34] PARK K, HEO H, KIM D, et al. Feasibility study of a forward osmosis/crystallization/reverse osmosis hybrid process with high-temperature operation:Modeling, experiments, and energy consumption[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2018,33(11):206-219.
[35]郑根江,栗鸿强,薛立波等海水淡化产业现状[J].水处理技术,2017,43(10):4-6.
[2]张利平,夏军,胡志芳.中国水资源状况与水资源安全问题分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2009,18(2):116.
[3]北京市水文总站.北京市水资源公报[EB/OL].2017. http://www.bjwater. gov. cn/bjwater/resource/cms/2018/07/2018071913585093017.docx.
[4]夏亚浩,陈志莉,冯裕钊,等.一种自制管式蒸馏海水淡化器性能试验[J].净水技术,2017,36(11):76-81.
[5]邱明英.浅析我国海水淡化技术[J].中国环保产业,2018(3):58-60.
[6]夏艳,伍联营,卢彦越,等.海水淡化过程优化设计的研究进展[J].水处理技术,2007,33(11):1-5.
[7]冯国勇,董志明,高瑞林,等.双活塞手动泵海水淡化装置原理设计及仿真分析[J].水处理技术,2015,41(10):80-82.
[8]王宏涛,李保安,刘兵.海水淡化技术现状及新技术评述[J].盐业与化工,2014,43(6):1-5.
[9]王琪,谭永文,张夏卿,等.海水淡化产业发展现状[J].水处理技术,2016,42(10):17-19.
[10]侯勇,王桂华.海水淡化技术现状与发展[J].吉林电力,2011,39(1):8-10,14.
[11] AMY G, GHAFFOUR N, LI Z,et al. Membrane-based seawater desalination:Present and future prospects[J]. Desalination,2017,52(1):16-21.
[12]丁婷.天津地区反渗透海水淡化成本分析[D].天津:天津大学,2009.
[13]周秀琴.天津大规模生产海水淡化饮用水[J].水产科技情报,2002,29(6):284-285.
[14] WANG K,ABDALLA A,KHALEEL M,et al. Mechanical properties of water desalination and wastewater treatment membranes[J].Desalination,2017,52(1):190-205.
[15] JAMIL M, QURESHI B, SYED M, et al. Exergo-economic analysis of a seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant with various retrofit options[J]. Desalination,2017,52(1):88-98.
[16]刘娟,高忠文,方景清.浅析海水淡化的经济效益[J].中国水运(学术版),2008, 8(1):210-212.
[17]王玮.基于GIS支持的北京市就业空间结构研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2009.
[18]高艳玲,吕炳南,赵立军.海水淡化技术评述与成本分析[J].环境保护,2005(2):28-30.
[19]国家统计局北京调查总队.北京市2016年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL]. 2016. http://www. bjstats. gov. cn/tjsj/tjgb/ndgb/201702/t20170227_369467.html.
[20]马骉,李梦洁,陈志平.国内外饮用水标准比较及对我国未来水质标准的思考[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(10):11-14.
[21]新浪家居,安吉尔.2017年中国家庭净水品质白皮书[EB/OL]. 2017. http://jiaju.sina.com.cn/jsbps.shtml.
[22]翁建武,蒋艳灵,陈远生.北京市公共生活用水现状、问题及对策[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(14):77-82.
[23]朱晗,闫婷婷,唐璟宜.区域淡水资源供应的定量研究——以青岛市为例[J].佳木斯大学学报(自然科学版),2016,34(4):610-613.
[24]青岛市统计局.2016年青岛市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL]. 2017. http://www. stats-qd. gov. cn/n28356045/n32561056/n32561072/180324164113717[218]html.
[25]青岛市水利局.2016年青岛市水资源公报[EB/OL].2017.http://slj. qingdao. gov. cn/n28356054/n32562123/n32562136/180428151826679383html.
[26]湛江市统计局.2017年湛江市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL]. 2017. http://zjtj. zhanjiang. gov. cn/tjzl/tjgb/201804/t20180424_386438.html.
[27]杨佳.居民用水价格或上涨五成[N].南方日报,2014-12-26(GC08).
[28]孙麒翔.娃哈哈桶装水零售价差最高达三成[N].北京商报,2016-11-08(B01).
[29]中华人民共和国国家统计局.国家年度数据[EB/OL].2016.http://data. stats. gov. cn/easyquery. htm? cn=C01&zb=A0B03&sj=2016.
[30] SADI A. Seawater desalination share among water and market policy changes in Algeria[J]. Desalination, 2004,39(16):99-104.
[31]李晓琼.海水淡化全成本分析及其发展前景探讨—以天律北疆电厂海水淡化项目为例[J].再生资源与循环经济,2012,5(10):37-40.
[32]纪岩青.将海水淡化作为京津冀地区重要水源[N].中国海洋报,2013-03-14(002).
[33]钱松立.热法海水淡化技术简析[J].装备机械,2011(3):19-23.
[34] PARK K, HEO H, KIM D, et al. Feasibility study of a forward osmosis/crystallization/reverse osmosis hybrid process with high-temperature operation:Modeling, experiments, and energy consumption[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2018,33(11):206-219.
[35]郑根江,栗鸿强,薛立波等海水淡化产业现状[J].水处理技术,2017,43(10):4-6.